List of massacres in Russia
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The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Russia (numbers may be approximate). For massacres that occurred in the Soviet Union, see List of massacres in the Soviet Union:
Pre-Soviet and Soviet Russia[]
Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siege of Ryazan | December 1237 | Ryazan, Russia | Nearly the entire population of Ryazan murdered | Mongols massacred almost the whole population of Ryazan. | |
Siege of Kazan | September–October 1552 | Kazan, Khanate of Kazan | Upwards of 50,000 | Last battle of the Russo-Kazan Wars where the forces of Tsar Ivan IV (The Terrible) besieged the city of Kazan and killed the city's population once taken. | |
Massacre of Novgorod | 1570 | Novgorod, Russia | 2,500–60,000 | Attack launched by Tsar Ivan IV (The Terrible)'s oprichniki on the city of Novgorod, Russia. | |
Fire of Moscow (1571) | May 1571 | Moscow, Russia | 60,000–200,000+ | Massacre conducted by Crimean and Turkish forces. | |
Copper Riot | August 4, 1662 | Moscow, Russia | Around 1000 | Muscovites riot and demand that Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich hand over a group of "traitors" thought responsible for economic hardship in the city. Troops under the command of the Tsar put down the riot. | |
Bezdna unrest | April 1861 | Biznä, Kazan Governorate | 50+ | Russian troops under the orders of Tsar Alexander II put down a peasant rebellion led by Anton Petrov. The rebels were protesting the details of the Emancipation reform of 1861. | |
Circassian genocide | March 6, 1864–May 21, 1864 | Circassia | 400,000–1,500,000+ | The Russian Empire ethnically cleansed the Circassian people. The survivors fled to the Ottoman Empire. The Circassian genocide is denied by the Russian government. | |
Uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia | June 24–28, 1866 | On the Circumbaikal Highway, south of Lake Baikal | 300 | Uprising by Polish Sybiracy in Siberia put down by Russian troops. Leaders of the uprising are all killed. | |
Bloody Sunday | January 22, 1905 | Saint Petersburg | 143–234 | Protesters led by Russian Orthodox priest George Gapon were fired upon by the Leib Guard as they marched on the Winter Palace to petition Tsar Nicholas II. | |
Lena massacre | April 17, 1912 | northeast of Bodaybo | 150–270 | Shooting of goldfield workers on strike in Siberia. | |
White Terror | 1917–1923 | Nationwide | |||
Red Terror | 1918–19 | Nationwide | 100,000[3] – 1,300,000[4] | In Crimea alone, 50,000 White PoWs and civilians were executed with Lenin's approval in 1920. 800,000 Red Army desertees were arrested and many were killed with their families. | |
Tambov Rebellion | 19 August 1920 – June 1921 | Tambov Governorate | 15,000+ (figure of deaths due to execution only) | Total of 240,000[5] rebels and civilians killed by communist forces. | |
Rostov-on-Dov massacre | 1942-1943 | Zmievskaya Balka, Rostov-on-Dov | 27,000 Jews and other Soviet Civilians | Organized by Nazi forces; part of the Holocaust in Russia[6] | |
2 September 1942 | Nizhny Chir, Stalingrad Oblast | 47 | Killing of 47 children with intellectual disabilities organized by Nazi forces | ||
Bolshoye Zarechye massacre | 30 October 1943 | Bolshoye Zarechye, Leningrad Oblast | 66 | Soviet civilians were shot and burned alive by the German Army. | |
Krasukha massacre | 27 november 1943 | , Pskov Oblast | 280 | Soviet civilians were burned alive by the German Army. |
Post-Soviet Russia[]
Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shali cluster bomb attack | January 3, 1995 | Shali, Chechnya | 55–100 | Russian fighter jets dropped cluster munitions on the town of Shali. Targets included a school; cemetery, hospital, fuel station and a collective farm. | |
Samashki massacre | April 7–8, 1995 | Samashki, Chechnya | 250+ | The massacre of 100–300 civilians in the village of Samashki by Russian paramilitary troops. | |
Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis | 14–19 June 1995 | Budyonnovsk, Stavropol Krai | 166 | Some 200 armed men under the command of Chechen warlords Shamil Basayev, Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev and Aslambek Ismailov occupied key areas of the city of Budyonnovsk. They took hostages and demanded the end of the First Chechen War. | |
Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis | January 9–18, 1996 | Kizlyar and Pervomayskoye-Sovetskoye, Dagestan | At least 26 | Forces led by warlord Salman Raduyev crossed over from Chechnya and took thousands of hostages in Kizlyar. Most were released but at least 26 were killed and some 200 fighters on both sides died during the battle that followed. | |
Killing of Red Cross workers at Novye Atagi | December 17, 1996 | Novye Atagi, Chechnya | 6 | Unidentified men stormed a Red Cross facility in the Selo of Novye Atagi. All 6 killed came from outside Russia and Chechnya. | |
Russian apartment bombings | September 4–16, 1999 | Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk | 293 | A number of bombs go off in high rise apartment buildings in three Russian cities. Another bomb was defused in Ryazan. The Russian government blamed the breakaway Republic of Chechnya but a number of conspiracies abound. | |
Elistanzhi cluster bomb attack | October 7, 1999 | Elistanzhi, Chechnya | 34 | Two Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24 use cluster munitions on the remote mountain village of Elistanzhi. The local school is destroyed with 9 children inside. | |
Grozny ballistic missile attack | October 21, 1999 | Grozny, Chechnya | 118[7] | 100 plus people die in indiscriminate bombing on the Chechen capital of Grozny by the Strategic Missile Troops. | |
Baku–Rostov highway bombing | October 29, 1999 | Shami-Yurt, Chechnya | 25 | Low flying Russian Air Force helicopters perform repeated attack runs on a large numbers refugees trying to enter Ingushetia. | |
1999 Grozny refugee convoy shooting | December 3, 1999 | Goity, Chechnya | Around 40 | OMON officers use automatic rifles on a convoy of refugees at a federal roadblock on the road to Ingushetia. | |
Alkhan-Yurt massacre | December, 1999 | Alkhan-Yurt, Chechnya | 17–41 | Over two weeks drunken Russian troops under the command of General Vladimir Shamanov went on the rampage after taking the town from the forces of Akhmed Zakayev. | |
Staropromyslovski massacre | December 1999–January 2000 | Grozny, Chechnya | 38–56 | Summary executions of at least 38 confirmed civilians by Russian federal soldiers in Grozny, Chechnya. | |
Bombing of Katyr-Yurt | February 4, 2000 | Katyr-Yurt, Chechnya | 170–363 | Indiscriminate bombing by the Russian Air Force of the village of Katyr-Yurt and a refugee convoy under white flags. | |
Novye Aldi massacre | February 5, 2000 | Groznensky District, Chechnya | 60–82 | The killings, including executions, of 60 to 82 local civilians by special police unit, OMON, and rapes of at least six women along with arson and robbery in Grozny, Chechnya. | |
Komsomolskoye massacre | March 20, 2000 | Komsomolskoye, Chechnya | 72 | Chechen combantants who surrendered after the Battle of Komsomolskoye on the public promise of amnesty are killed and "disappeared" shortly after. | |
Kaspiysk bombing | May 9, 2002 | Kaspiysk, Dagestan | 44 | A bomb planted at a military parade to celebrate Victory Day goes off. The Russian state blamed Rappani Khalilov. | |
Moscow theater hostage crisis | October 23–26, 2002 | Moscow | 204 | Chechen terrorists under the command of Movsar Barayev storm a theatre in Moscow and took hostages. They demanded an end to the Second Chechen War. They killed some of the hostages and then Russian special forces stormed the building. | |
2003 Stavropol train bombing | December 5, 2003 | Yessentuki, Stavropol Krai | 46 | A suicide bomber detonates a bomb on a commuter train. | |
2003 Red Square bombing | December 9, 2003 | Moscow | 6 | A female suicide bomber detonates a bomb on a busy street near the Kremlin. The government blames Riyad-us Saliheen. | |
Moscow Metro bombing | February 6, 2004 | Moscow | 41 | Anzor Izhayev blows himself up on the Russian Metro. | |
Beslan school hostage crisis | September 1, 2004 | Beslan, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania | 334 | Hostage taking of over 1,100 people (including 777 children) ending with 385 people killed in School Number One (SNO) in Beslan, North Ossetia, Russia. | |
Kushchyovskaya massacre | November 2010 | Kushchyovsky District | 12 | The stabbing of 12 people (including four children) in the village of Kushchyovskaya, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. |
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Rinke, Stefan; Wildt, Michael (2017). Revolutions and Counter-Revolutions: 1917 and Its Aftermath from a Global Perspective. Campus Verlag. p. 58. ISBN 978-3593507057.
- ^ Эрлихман, Вадим (2004). Потери народонаселения в XX веке. Издательский дом «Русская панорама». ISBN 5931651071.
- ^ Lincoln, W. Bruce (1989). Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War. Simon & Schuster. p. 384. ISBN 0671631667.
...the best estimates set the probable number of executions at about a hundred thousand.
- ^ Rinke, Stefan; Wildt, Michael (2017). Revolutions and Counter-Revolutions: 1917 and Its Aftermath from a Global Perspective. Campus Verlag. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-3593507057.
- ^ Sennikov, B.V. (2004). Tambov rebellion and liquidation of peasants in Russia. Moscow: Posev. In Russian. ISBN 5-85824-152-2
- ^ Nicholson, Katie; Seminoff, Corinne; Ho, Jason (March 22, 2021) [March 21, 2021]. "Jews in Russian city scarred by WWII massacre watch Canada's decision on Nazi interpreter". CBC News.
- ^ Moscow, Maria Eismont Amelia Gentleman in (October 23, 1999). "Russians in disarray over Grozny strike" – via www.theguardian.com.
Categories:
- Lists of massacres by country
- Russia history-related lists
- Massacres in Russia
- Lists of disasters in Russia