List of massacres in the Croatian War of Independence
This list is incomplete; you can help by . (May 2011) |
The following is a list of massacres that occurred in the Croatian War of Independence. Numbers may be approximate.
Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
July-December 1991 | Osijek | 11 | Serb civilians killed by Croat paramilitaries, led by Branimir Glavaš.[1] | |
July-December 1991 | Tenja | 29 | Members of the Serbian Volunteer Guard killed 29 Croat civilians and POWs in the village of Tenja.[2] | |
Operation Stinger | 26-27 July 1991 | Banovina | 22 | Forces of the SAO Krajina, an unrecognized Croatian Serb region, killed 22 Croat civilians as well as captured policemen in Glina, Kozibrod and Struga, where the rebel Serb forces employed a human shield consisting of Croat civilians taken from their homes in Struga and the nearby village of Zamlača. |
26 July 1991 | Struga and Kuljani, near Dvor | 17 | Rebel Serb forces killed seventeen Croat civilians in Struga and Kuljani, near Dvor. This is reportedly believed to be the first mass-killings of civilians during the Croatian War of Independence.[3] | |
August 1991 | Aljmaš | 58 | JNA and Serb paramilitaries killed 58 Croat civilians.[4] | |
Dalj massacre | 1 August 1991-May 1992 | Dalj | 135 | SAO and TO forces target Croatian police and ZNG POWs, Croat and Hungarian civilians. |
2 August 1991 | Sarvaš | 9 | Croatian police and ZNG forces massacre 9 Serb civilians after attacking the village.[5] | |
8 August 1991 | Lovinac | 5 | SAO Krajina paramilitary units massacred 5 elderly Croat civilians in Lovinac.[6] | |
14 and 16 August 1991 | and Petrinja | , near9 | Serb paramilitaries killed five Croat civlians in and then another four Croat civilians in nearby [7] | .|
19 August 1991-1992 | Pakrac municipality | 176 | Croats killed by JNA and Serb paramilitary groups during the occupation of Pakrac and surrounding areas.[8] | |
Banija villages killings | 22 August 1991 | Blinjski Kut and neighbouring villages | 15 | ZNG forces killed 15 Serb civilians and POWs.[1] |
Berak killings | September 1991 | Berak, Croatia | 56 | Fifty-six Croats killed by Serb forces throughout September 1991, during the Battle of Vukovar.[9] |
Četekovac massacre | 3 September 1991 | Četekovac, Balinci, , near Podravska Slatina | 22 | Serb paramilitaries massacred 20 Croat civilians and 2 PoWs.[10] |
5 September 1991 | Vukovar | ,120 | JNA and Serb paramilitaries killed 120 Croat civilians after seizing the Sajmište suburb, during the Battle of Vukovar.[11] | |
Korana massacre | 13 September 1991 | Korana, near Karlovac | 13 | Croat forces massacre thirteen JNA POWs over the Korana bridge, near Karlovac.[3] |
22 September 1991 | Svinjarevci | 34 | Thirty-four Croat civilians killed by the JNA and Serb paramilitaries.[12] | |
Tovarnik massacre | 22 September 1991 | Tovarnik | 68 | JNA forces massacred 68 Croat civilians after capturing the village of Tovarnik in September 1991.[13] |
29 September 1991 | Antin and Korođ | 27 killed, 10 wounded | A civilian[clarification needed] refugee column, fleeing a JNA attack, was deliberately shelled by mortar fire between the villages of Antin and Korođ.[14] | |
Baćin massacre | 21 October 1991-February 1992 | Baćin, near Hrvatska Dubica | 118 | SAO Krajina paramilitaries killed 118 civilians, apart from Croats two Serbs. |
25 October 1991 | Tordinci | 22 | Twenty-two Croat civilians massacred by the 12th Proletarian Mechanised Brigade of the Yugoslav People's Army, supported by Serb Paramilitaries[15] | |
27 October 1991 | Glinska Poljana | 13 | Serb paramilitaries killed 13 Croat civilians.[16] | |
2 October-10 November 1991 | Bogdanovci, near Vukovar | Disputed | Croatia alleged 87 Croats were killed in the predominantly Croat village of Bogdanovci, approximately 8 km south-east of Vukovar, during and after the attacks carried out on the village on 2 October and 10 November 1991 by the JNA and Serb forces. However, "Taking account of Serbia’s admission (see paragraph 228 above) and the evidence put before it, the Court concludes that a number of Croats were killed by the JNA and Serb forces in Bogdanovci on both 2 October and 10 November 1991, although it is unable to determine the exact number."[17] | |
Novo Selo Glinsko massacre | 3 and 16 October 1991 | , near Glina | 32 | SAO Krajina forces massacred thirty-two Croat civilians in two separate incidents in October 1991, in the village of Novo Selo Glinsko, near Glina.[18] |
Lovas killings | 10–18 October 1991 | Lovas and Opatovac | 70 | Serb forces killed 70 Croats in the village of Lovas.[citation needed] |
October 1991 | , near Pakrac | 22 | Croat forces massacred at least 22 Serb civilians and POWs.[3] | |
Široka Kula massacre | 13 October 1991 | Široka Kula, near Gospić | 41 | SAO Krajina police force massacre of Croat civilians in the village of Široka Kula.[citation needed] |
Gospić massacre | 16–18 October 1991 | Gospić | c. 100 | About 100 Serb civilians massacred by Croatian forces over a period of several days in October 1991.[3] |
October-November 1991 | Bapska | 17 | SAO Krajina forces killed 17 Croats.[19] | |
2 November 1991 | Lužac, near Vukovar | 59 | Members of the Serbian Paramilitary group, Arkan's Tigers, and JNA forces killed 59 Croat civilians in Lužac, during the Battle of Vukovar[20] | |
Murder of the Zec family | 7 November 1991 | Zagreb | 3 | Ethnic Serb family of three murdered by five Croatian militiamen; two family members survived. The murderers were apprehended, but released after a controversial court decision in 1992. The Croatian government agreed to compensate the surviving family members in a 2004 court settlement.[21] |
Poljanak and Vukovići massacres | 7 November 1991 | and Vukovići, near Slunj | 10 | Local Serb TO forces and a special JNA unit killed 10 Croat civilians in the villages of and Vukovići, in the Plitvice lakes area.[22] |
Saborsko massacre | 12 November 1991 | Saborsko | 29 | Serb paramilitaries kill 29 Croats in the village of Saborsko.[23] |
Kostrići massacre | 15 November 1991 | Kostrići | 16 | Serb paramilitary unit killed 16 Croats. |
15 November 1991 | Majur, Graboštani and Stubalj | 38 | On the same day the Kostrići massacre occurred, the same Serb paramilitary unit massacred another 38 Croat civilians in the nearby villages of Majur, Graboštani and Stubalj.[24] | |
16 November 1991-1995 | Slunj and neighbouring areas, including Cetingrad and Rakovica | 297 | Serb forces killed Croat civilians in Slunj and surrounding areas throughout the occupation. The majority were killed between November 1991 and the Spring of 1992.[25] | |
Škabrnja massacre | 18 November 1991 | Škabrnja and Nadin | 67 | Serb paramilitaries killed 48 Croat civilians[26] and five Croatian POWs in the village of Škabrnja,[27] and 14 civilians in the village of Nadin.[28] |
19 November 1991 | Borovo Naselje, Vukovar | 100+ | Shortly after the fall of Vukovar, Serb forces rounded up and killed more than 100 Croat civilians and POWs found taking shelter in the Borovo commerce factory. The bodies were mostly thrown into the Danube.[29] | |
Vukovar massacre | 20 November 1991 | Vukovar | 264 | A mostly Croatian group of 263 men and 1 woman (including civilians and POWs), of whom 194 have been identified, were murdered by members of the Serb militias following the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) withdrawal from Ovčara after it brought those patients there from the Vukovar hospital.[30][31] |
21 November 1991 | Dabar, near Vrhovine | 7 | SAO Krajina paramilitaries tortured and killed seven Croat civilians.[32] | |
Požega killings | 10 December 1991 | , , , and , near Požega | 41 | Croat forces killed at least 41 Serb civilians across several Serb villages near Požega.[1] |
Paulin Dvor massacre | 11 December 1991 | Paulin Dvor, near Osijek | 19 | Croatian Army soldiers massacred eighteen Serbs and one Hungarian in the village of Paulin Dvor.[citation needed] |
Gornje Jame massacre | 11 December 1991 | 16 | 16 civilians (15 Croats and 1 Serb) killed by Serbian paramilitary unit.[citation needed] | |
Voćin massacre | 13 December 1991 | Voćin | 43 | 43 Croat civilians massacred by White Eagles paramilitaries during Operation Papuk-91.[33] |
13 December 1991 | Bokane, Krašković, Miokovićevo and Zvečevo | 20 | On the same day of the Voćin massacre, the same White Eagles paramilitaries killed another 20 Croat civlians during their retreat through neighbouring villages south of Voćin.[5] | |
Joševica massacre | 16 December 1991 | Joševica | 21 | Serb paramilitaries killed 21 Croatian civilians killed reportedly in retaliation for Serb losses sustained in Operation Whirlwind.[34] |
21 December 1991-June 1993 | Donji Lađevac and Gornji Lađevac | 20 | Series of abuses and killings of Croat civilians, who remained in the Donji and Gornji Lađevac villages, by SAO Krajina paramilitaries.[35] | |
Bruška massacre | 21 December 1991 | Bruška | 10 | Ten Croatian civilians killed by Republic of Serbian Krajina forces.[36] |
Erdut killings | 10 November 1991 – 3 June 1992 | Erdut | 37 | A series of killings of 37 Croat and Hungarian civilians by local SAO forces and Serb Volunteer Guard paramilitaries.[37] |
September 1991–June 1992 | Petrinja | c. 250 | After the fall of Petrinja to Serb forces in September 1991, as many as 250 Croat civilians and POWs were killed during the occupation.[38] | |
Sisak killings | July 1991-June 1992 | Sisak | 24-107 | Illegal detainment, torture and killings of at least 24 Serbian civilians from Sisak by members of the Croatian Army and police forces. Other reports claim that up to 107 Serbian civilians were murdered or disappeared during this time period[39] |
26 December 1991 | Sotin | 32-64 | Thirty-two Croat civilians massacred by Croatian Serb militia and Territorial Defense. A further thirty-two civilians are declared missing and are presumed to have been killed by Serb forces later into the occupation.[40] | |
20 March 1992 | , near Karlovac | 15 | Croat civilians killed by Serb paramilitaries.[41] | |
4 May 1992 | Grabovac | 5 | Serbia's Red Berets special forces abducted and killed three men and two women. They were initially buried in Tikveš, before the bodies were moved to conceal the killings.[42][43] | |
15 July 1992 | Slavonski Brod | 12 | 12 Bosniak refugees killed after their accommodation at a stadium in Slavonski Brod was shelled by the Army of the Republika Srpska.[44] | |
9 February 1993 | Medviđa, near Benkovac | 18 | Eighteen Croat civilians killed by Serb forces, allegedly in retaliation for the Croatian Army offensive- Operation Maslenica[45] | |
14 June 1993 | Biograd na Moru | 5 killed, 7 wounded | Republic of Serbian Krajina forces fired M-87 Orkan cluster rockets at the Solin beach in Biograd na Moru, killing 5 and wounding 7 civilians[46] | |
Operation Medak Pocket | 9-17 September 1993 | near Gospić | 36 (ICTY estimate) | Serb civilians and POWs killed by Croat forces during and after Operation Medak Pocket.[1] |
Medari massacre | 1 May 1995 | , near Okučani | 22 | HV forces killed 22 Serb civilians during Operation Flash.[1] |
Zagreb rocket attacks | 2-3 May 1995 | Zagreb | 7 killed, 214 wounded | Republic of Serbian Krajina forces used multiple rocket launchers, fitted with cluster munitions, to strike civilian-populated areas of Zagreb on the 2 and 3 May 1995, in retaliation for the Croatian Army offensive- Operation Flash. Part of the ICTY conviction of Milan Martić and Momčilo Perišić[47] |
Golubić massacre | August 1995 | Golubić | 18 | Serb civlians killed by Croat forces during and after Operation Storm.[1] |
August 1995 | Donji Lapac | 20 | 20 Serb civilians massacred by Croat forces after Operation Storm. Part of the ICTY indictment of Ante Gotovina and Mladen Markač[48] | |
August 1995 | Biskupija, near Knin | 15 | Fifteen Serb civilians massacred by Croat forces in the aftermath of Operation Storm[49] | |
Kijani killings | August–September 1995 | Kijani, Croatia | 14 | 14 elderly Serb civilians executed by Croat forces in the aftermath of Operation Storm.[50] |
Uzdolje massacre | 6 August 1995 | , near Knin | 10 | 10 Serb civilians massacred by Croat forces in the aftermath of Operation Storm.[51] |
7-8 August 1995 | Main road between Glina and Dvor | 16 | Serb civilians in a refugee column killed after being ambushed by HV and ARBiH (5th Corps) forces during Operation Storm.[1] | |
Dvor massacre | 8 August 1995 | Dvor | 9 | Nine elderly and disabled Serb civilians massacred by Croat forces in the aftermath of Operation Storm.[52] |
Komić killings | 12 August 1995 | Komić, Croatia | 9 | Nine elderly Serb civilians massacred by Croat forces in the aftermath of Operation Storm.[53] |
Grubori massacre | 25 August 1995 | , near Knin | 6 | 6 Serb civilians massacred by the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit in the aftermath of Operation Storm.[54] |
10-27 August 1995 | Kistanje, near Knin | 13 | Croat forces massacre thirteen mostly elderly Serb civilians in the aftermath of Operation Storm, throughout August 1995[55] | |
Gošić massacre | 27 August 1995 | Gošić, Šibenik-Knin County | 8 | Croat soldiers massacred 8 elderly Serb civilians in the aftermath of Operation Storm.[56] |
Varivode massacre | 28 September 1995 | Varivode | 9 | Croat soldiers massacred nine elderly Serb civilians in the village of Varivode, although the war was over.[57] |
See also[]
- List of massacres in Yugoslavia
- List of massacres in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- List of massacres in Serbia
- List of massacres in Slovenia
- List of massacres in the Independent State of Croatia, massacres that occurred on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia between 1941 and 1945
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Opačić, Tamara; Jovanović, Nenad (15 October 2018). "Dossier: Zločini nad Srbima". Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ Deutsche Welle & 9 December 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Goldstein, Ivo (1999). Croatia: A History. Montreal, Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-7735-2017-2.
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia), page 377" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Amnesty International 1992, p. 6.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Kovačević, S; Judaš, M; Marušić, A (1992). "Civilian massacres in Banija: Kraljevčani and Pecki". Lijec Vjesn. 113 (7–8): 205–208. PMID 1762478.
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia), page 227" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ Vjesnik Hrvati u Berku će prosvjedovati sve do podizanja optužnica
- ^ Marcikić, M; Kraus, Z; Dmitrović, B; Mosunjac, M; Marusić, A (3 September 1991). "Civilian Massacre near Podravska Slatina". Lijec Vjesn. 113 (7–8): 208–10. PMID 1762479.
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia), page 199" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ "22. rujna 1991. Svinjarevci (Vukovar) – nepoznati zločin nad Hrvatima".
- ^ "22. rujna 1991. Tovarnik – pokolj 68 Hrvata nakon okupacije sela heroja". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ Završena istraga za ratni zločin u Antinu u jesen 1991
- ^ "Pukovnik bivše JNA Boro Ivanović pod sumnjom za ratni zločin" (in Croatian). Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia), page 255-256" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia), page 77" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "Mile Paspalj uhićen zbog ratnog zločina u Glinskom Novom Selu". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia), page 168" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ "2. studenoga 1991. Vukovar – pad Lušca i pokolj 59 Hrvata" (in Croatian). Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "Impunity for unlawful killings and extrajudicial executions allegedly committed by members of the Croatian Army and police forces". A shadow on Croatia's future: Continuing impunity for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Amnesty International/UNHCR. 13 December 2004. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "7. studenoga 1991. Poljanak (Plitvička Jezera) – masakr nevinih staraca i starica Like". Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ ICTY & 6 November 2003, p. 3.
- ^ "Obilježavanje Dana sjećanja na žrtve Domovinskog rata".
- ^ "VIDEO: NA DANAŠNJI DAN GRUDE SU PRUŽILE POMOĆ SVOJIM SLUNJANIMA".
- ^ "Škabrnja obilježava 23. godišnjicu tragedije" [Škabrnja Marks the 23rd Anniversary of the Tragedy] (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Nova TV (Croatia). HINA. 17 November 2014.
- ^ "Prosecutor v. Milan Martić – Public Judgement" (PDF). The Hague, Netherlands: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 8 October 2008. p. 72.
- ^ Mišković, Jure (19 November 2013). "Uz jaku kišu održan mimohod Benkovac – Nadin – Škabrnja" [Benkovac–Nadin–Škabrnja Procession Held in Heavy Rain]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Split, Croatia.
- ^ "Obilježeno stradanje Borova Naselja i radnika Borova".
- ^ "Serb leader apologises for Croatian massacre". Euronews. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ^ "Final report of the United Nations Commission of Experts established pursuant to security council resolution 780 (1992) – Mass graves – Ovcara". United Nations. 28 December 1994. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
- ^ Bosnar, A (December 2005). "Massacre Over Civilians During the War in Croatia". Collegium Antropologicum. 2 (2): 757–61. PMID 16417196.
- ^ Duijzings, Gerlachlus (2000). Religion and the Politics of Identity in Kosovo. London, UK: C. Hurst & Co. p. 55. ISBN 9781850653929.
- ^ "Optužnica protiv šestorice državljana Srbije, ubojica iz Gline 1991". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 11 June 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2016. (NOTE: contains the forensic analysis done by Serb authorities)
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia), page 270-271" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ ICTY vs Milan Babic Archived 2007-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, un.org; accessed 19 December 2016.
- ^ "The Prosecutor of the Tribunal against Slobodan Milosevic (p. 53, 54, 56, 57, 58)" (PDF). ICTY. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ "Pad Petrinje pod napadom JNA i paravojske – 21. rujna 1991".
- ^ "Sisak: Witness Reported Ljubica Solar's Death". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "U masovnoj grobnici kod Sotina pronađena tri tijela". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "ICJ: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia), page 276" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ Cencich, John R. (2013). The Devil's Garden: A War Crimes Investigator's Story. Lincoln, Nebraska: Potomac Books. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-61234-172-9.
- ^ "The Prosecutor of the Tribunal Against Goran Hadžić - Second Amended Indictment" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. 22 March 2012. p. 12.
- ^ Marshall, Andrew (17 July 1992). "Croatia unable to shelter refugees: As tens of thousands flee Bosnia every day, UN warns of worst such crisis since Second World War". The Independent.
- ^ "Zadarski List:Najmlađa žrtva je imala 18, a najstarija 88 godina".
- ^ "14. lipnja 1993. Biograd na Moru – srpski zločin nad mladim kupačima na plaži Soline".
- ^ "Amended Indictment – Milan Martić" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
- ^ "International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ "Serbian prosecution to activate Operation Storm cases". B92.net. 21 November 2012.
- ^ Milekic, Sven (4 August 2017). "Croatia's Operation Storm: Crimes Unpunished 22 Years On". BalkanInsight. BIRN.
- ^ Larsen, Georg; Vedsmand, Kasper (29 May 2016). "When the UN watched a massacre unfold in Croatia". Al Jazeera.
- ^ Milekic, Sven (3 August 2017). "Tragic Search for Victims of Croatia's Operation Storm". BalkanInsight. BIRN.
- ^ Milekic, Sven (22 December 2015). "Croatian Policemen's Grubori Massacre Acquittals Quashed". BalkanInsight. BIRN.
- ^ "International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (10 September 1995). "Croats slaughter elderly by the dozen". The Independent.
- ^ "Hrvatska priznala masakr nad devetoro Srba u Varivodama" (in Croatian). Vesti Online. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
Categories:
- Lists of massacres by country
- Croatia history-related lists
- Massacres in Croatia
- Ethnic cleansing in Europe
- Massacres in the Yugoslav Wars
- Lists of massacres by war