List of massacres in Azerbaijan
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The following lists are of massacres that have occurred in Azerbaijan (numbers may be approximate).
Before 1988[]
Name | Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Targeted group | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Battle of Ganja (1804) | 1804 | February | Ganja | 3,000[1] – 7,000[2] | Caucasian Tatar inhabitants of Ganja | Civilians were massacred during the capture of the city by the Russians; some of the captured soldiers were executed[3] |
Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907 | 1905–1907 | February | Baku; Nakhchivan; Shusha; Tiflis | 3,000–10,000 | Armenians, Azerbaijanis | |
Shamkhor Massacre | 1918 | January | Şəmkir | 1,000 | armed Russian soldiers | Russian soldiers killed by Azerbaijani nationalists[4][5][6] |
March Days | 1918 | March 30–April 2 | Azerbaijan | 12,000–25,000 | Azerbaijanis | According to the statements of Azerbaijan representatives, "the Bolsheviks were helped by Armenians, eager to annihilate their old enemies and to seize their property".[8] |
September Days | 1918 | September | Baku | 10,000–15,000 | Armenians | Armenians killed by the Army of Islam;[9][10] |
Khaibalikend Massacre | 1919 | June 5–7 | Nagorno-Karabakh | 600–700 | Armenians | Armenians killed by armed ethnic Azerbaijani and Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers;[11] Villages of Khaibalikend, Jamillu, Karkujahan and Pahliul were destroyed[12][13] |
Agulis Massacre | 1919 | December 24-25 | Yuxarı Əylis | 1,400[14][15] | Armenians | Early 20th century anti-Armenian massacre of the Armenian population of Agulis by the Turkish army accompanied by the Azerbaijani refugees from Zangezur which resulted in the destruction of the town of Agulis.[16] [17] |
Shusha pogrom | 1920 | March 22–26 | Shusha | 500–20,000[18][19] | Armenians | Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; |
1920 Ganja Revolt | 1920 | June | Ganja | 15,000 | Azerbaijanis | Bolsheviks slaughtered civilians including women and children after the capture of rebel Ganja. Many women were raped and Koran were burnt.[20][21] |
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict[]
The following is a list of massacres and pogroms, which took place in the course of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.
Name | Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Targeted group | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sumgait pogrom | 1988 | February 27–March 1 | Sumgait | 32 (26 Armenians and 6 Azerbaijanis)[22] | Armenians | Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; 20 ambulances were destroyed,[23] and reports detail widespread rape,[24] mutilation, robberies, and disembowling of fetuses[25][26] |
Kirovabad pogrom | 1988 | November | Kirovabad | 130 Armenians | Armenians | Azeri-led pogrom directed against Armenian inhabitants of Kirovabad (now Ganja) |
Baku Pogrom | 1990 | January 13 | Baku | 90 | Armenians | Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; many incidents of rape, robbery, and torture;[27] 700 injured.[28][29] |
Black January | 1990 | January 19–20 | Baku, Azerbaijan | 133–137 | Peaceful protesters of the Azerbaijani national independence movement | Killed by Soviet troops; ambulance workers rushing to help the wounded and random by-passers, including women and children, among the dead |
Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli | 1992 | February 10–12 | Malibeyli, Ashaghi Gushchular, Yukhari Gushchular villages of Shusha District | 8 (per Helsinki Watch)[30] 15-50 (per Azerbaijan)[31] |
Azerbaijanis | Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian irregular armed units.[30] |
Garadaghly Massacre | 1992 | February 17 | Garadaghly | 20–90 | Azerbaijanis | Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian troops[32] |
Khojaly Massacre | 1992 | February 25–26 | Khojaly, Azerbaijan | More than 200[33][34] (per Human Rights Watch)
613[35] (per Azerbaijan) |
Azerbaijanis | Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian troops. |
Maraga Massacre | 1992 | April 10 | Maraga | 40–100 | Armenians | Armenians killed (many decapitated); corpses buried in a mass grave outside the village.[36] |
References[]
- ^ Peter Avery; William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (1991-10-25). The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0.
- ^ Mansoori, Firooz (2008). "17". Studies in History,Language and Culture of Azerbaijan (in Persian). Tehran: Hazar-e Kerman. p. 245. ISBN 978-600-90271-1-8.
- ^ THE SIEGE AND ASSAULT OF FORTRESS GANJA ,(in Russian)
- ^ The formation of the Soviet Union: communism and nationalism, 1917-1923 By Richard Pipes - page 103
- ^ the Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 39 by Joseph L. Wieczynski - page 170
- ^ Wladimir S. Woytinsky: La Democratie. p. 113
- ^ Michael Smith. "Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory". Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States) (in Russian). Sakharov Center. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ "New Republics in the Caucasus". The New York Times Current History. 11 (2): 492. March 1920.
- ^ Hovannisian. Armenia on the Road to Independence, p. 227.
- ^ Human Rights Watch. Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995.
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard. The Republic of Armenia: Vol. I, The First Year, 1918-1919. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, pp. 176-177, notes 51-52.
- ^ (in Armenian) Vratsian, Simon. Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն (The Republic of Armenia). Paris: H.H.D. Amerikayi Publishing, 1928, pp. 286-87.
- ^ Hovannisian. Republic of Armenia, Vol. I, p. 181.
- ^ Shatan Nat’ali (1928). Turkism from Angora to Baku and Turkish Orientation. Translated by Punik Pub. the University of Michigan (published Jan 1, 2002). p. 84. ASIN B002H1PV5Y.
1,400 - massacre in Agulis in 1919
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1982). The Republic of Armenia, Vol. II: From Versailles to London, 1919-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 207–238. ISBN 0-520-04186-0.
- ^ Bert Vaux (2008). Zok: The Armenian dialect of Agulis (PDF). In between Paris and Fresno: Armenian studies in honor of Dickran Kouymjian. pp. 283–301.
city of Agulis, located in southeastern Nakhichevan. Following the massacre of the Armenian population of Agulis by the Turkish army in 1919
[dead link] - ^ Mikail Mamedov (20 November 2018). "Reading the novel Stone Dreams on the 100th anniversary of the "Great Catastrophe"". Cambridge University Press.
The novel also refers to the massacre committed by Turkish troops on Christmas of 1919 in the midst of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1923. At that time, Turkish commander Adif-bey ordered the mass execution of the Armenian population in the author's home village Aylis (Agulis in Armenian). Almost all Armenians were killed, with the exception of a few young girls who by the late 1980s had turned into gray-haired women
- ^ Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. III: From London to Sèvres, February–August 1920
- ^ Thomas de Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. ISBN 0-8147-1944-9
- ^ The I.L.P.'s ALLIES. Soviet Massacre in the Caucasus // Western Gazette. — 1920. — 1 June. — page 12.
- ^ 15,000 massacred // Cheltenham Chronicle. — 1920. — 2 June. — page 4
- ^ "The Nagorny Karabakh conflict: origins, dynamics and misperceptions". c-r.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2010.
- ^ (in Russian) "Сумгаит, Один месяц поздно" ("Sumgait, One Month Later"). Moskovskiye Novosti. April 13, 1988.
- ^ Shahmuratian. Sumgait Tragedy, Interview with Levon Akopyan, p. 227.
- ^ Lee, Gary. "Eerie Silence Hangs Over Soviet City." Washington Post. September 4, 1988. p. A33. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
- ^ Ein Volk, ein Land. Der Spiegel 13/1988
- ^ Committee on the elimination of discrimination against women
- ^ Europa World Year: Book 1 - Page 638, Taylor & Francis Group
- ^ Thomas de Waal: Black Garden - Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York University Press, 2003, p. 90
- ^ a b Denber, Rachel; Goldman, Robert K. (1992). Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Praeger Publishers. pp. 24–27. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
Kalbajar.
- ^ Denber, Rachel; Goldman, Robert K. (1992). Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Praeger Publishers. pp. 24–27. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- ^ "Letter dated 20 May 2005 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
- ^ "Human Rights Watch World Report 1993 – The Former Soviet Union". Hrw.org. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
- ^ Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.) (1994). Azerbaijan : Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Panico, Christopher., Rone, Jemera., Human Rights Watch (Organization). New York: Human Rights Watch. ISBN 1-56432-142-8. OCLC 32207851.
- ^ "United Nations Security Council: Letter Dated 7 October 2001 from the Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations Addressed to the President of the Security Council". International Legal Materials. 40 (5): 1281. September 2001. doi:10.1017/s0020782900020878. ISSN 0020-7829.
- ^ Cox, Caroline and John Eibner. Ethnic Cleansing in Progress: War in Nagorno Karabakh. Zurich and Washington D.C.: Institute for Religious Minorities in the Islamic World, p. 58, 1993.
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- Massacres in Azerbaijan