List of organisms named after famous people (born before 1800)

In biological nomenclature, organisms often receive scientific names that honor a person. A taxon (e.g. species or genus; plural: taxa) named in honor of another entity is an eponymous taxon, and names specifically honoring a person or persons are known as patronyms. Scientific names are generally formally published in peer-reviewed journal articles or larger monographs along with descriptions of the named taxa and ways to distinguish them from other taxa. Following rules of Latin grammar, species or subspecies names derived from a man's name often end in -i or -ii if named for an individual, and -orum if named for a group of men or mixed-sex group, such as a family. Similarly, those named for a woman often end in -ae, or -arum for two or more women.

This list is part of the List of organisms named after famous people, and includes organisms named after famous individuals born before the 1st of January 1800. It also includes ensembles in which at least one member was born before that date; but excludes companies, institutions, ethnic groups or nationalities, and populated places. It does not include organisms named for fictional entities, for biologists, paleontologists or other natural scientists,^{[note 1]} nor for associates or family members of researchers who were not otherwise notable (exceptions are made, however, for natural scientists who are much more famous for other aspects of their lives, such as, for example, writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Organisms named after famous people born later can be found in:

• List of organisms named after famous people (born 1800–1899)
• List of organisms named after famous people (born 1900–1949)
• List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–present)

The scientific names are given as originally described (their basionyms); subsequent research may have placed species in different genera, or rendered them taxonomic synonyms of previously described taxa. Some of these names may be unavailable in the zoological sense or illegitimate in the botanical sense due to senior homonyms already having the same name.

List (people born before 1800)[]

Taxon	Type	Namesake	Notes	Taxon image	Namesake image	Ref
Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Abel Tasman	"The generic name is a combination of the name Abel, after the Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant Abel Tasman, and Psocus, a genus of Psocidae."			[2]
Ablerus grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius				[3]
Marques, Brooks & Barriga, 1997	Tapeworm	Atahualpa	A parasite of stingrays found in Southern Ecuador.			[4]
Adaina atahualpa Gielis, 2011	Moth	Atahualpa	A plume moth native to Colombia and Ecuador.			[5]
† Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Caupolicán	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile.			[6]
† Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Colocolo	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile.			[6]
Fischer, 2014	Wasp	Brothers Grimm	"Named on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, best known for their fairy tales (Jacob Grimm died 20 September 1863)." Subsequently transferred to the genus and subgenus Aspilota (Eusynaldis).			[7][8]
Ortea & Moro, 2020	Sea slug	Juan Sebastián Elcano	"Named in honor of Juan Sebastián Elcano, who captained the voyage back from the Philippines of the Nao Victoria, on which he completed the first circumnavigation of the world, on the 500th anniversary of the feat (1519-1521) that began with Ferdinand Magellan. His name is also that of the Spanish Navy training ship, to which we also want to pay a well-deserved tribute with this new species that, due to its uniqueness, will once again travel around the world." Immediately after its formal description, within the same paper, this species was transferred to the newly-created monotypic genus (honouring Magellan), also in this list.			[9]
Girault, 1929	Wasp	Aeschylus				[10]
† Poplin & Lund, 2000	Fish	Aesop				[11]
Agathidium cortezi Miller & Wheeler, 2005	Beetle	Hernán Cortés	"This species is named after the great Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernan Cortez [sic] who explored much of Mexico, conquered the local regime, and whose deeds and motivations remain somewhat controversial." This species is native to Oaxaca, Mexico.			[12]
Miller & Wheeler, 2005	Beetle	Pocahontas	"This species is named pocahontasae after a county in [West] Virginia from which numerous type specimens were collected and after the young woman Pocahontas, who may have saved the struggling Jamestown Colony by marrying John Rolfe, thereby establishing a peace between Jamestown colonists and the tribes of Powhatan."			[12]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Isaac Newton				[13]
Krogmann & Riefenstahl, 2004	Moth	Cuauhtémoc	"dedicated to the last Aztec emperor, Cuauhtémoc, executed by the Spanish conquerors under Hernán Cortés in 1525 and still venerated by the Mexicans." This species is native to Mexico.			[14]
Girault, 1928	Wasp	Dante Alighieri				[11]
Girault, 1922	Wasp	Dante Alighieri				[10]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Manco Cápac	"The species epithet mancocapaci refers to Manco Capac, the first ruler of the Tawantinsuyu." This, and all thirteen Alophophion species named after the thirteen Sapa Incas, were collected in Peru.			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Sinchi Roca	"The species epithet sinchirocai refers to Sinchi Roca, the second ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Lloque Yupanqui	"The species epithet lloqueyupanquii refers to Lloque Yupanqui, the third ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Mayta Cápac	"The species epithet maytacapaci refers to Mayta Capac, the fourth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Cápac Yupanqui	"The species epithet capacyupanquii refers to Cápac Yupanqui, the fifth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Inca Roca	"The species epithet incarocai refers to Inca Roca, the sixth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu and first inca."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Yawar Waqaq	"The species epithet yahuarhuacaci refers to Atahualpa [sic; likely an editing error, meant to say Yáhuar Huácac], the seventh ruler of the Tawantinsuyu and first inca [sic; likely an editing error, meant to say second inca, or be ommitted altogether]."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Viracocha Inca	"The species epithet wiracochai refers to Wiracocha, the eighth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Pachacuti	"The species epithet pachacutii refers to Pachacuti, the ninth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Topa Inca Yupanqui	"The species epithet yupankii refers to Túpaq Inka Yupanki, the tenth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Huayna Capac	"The species epithet huaynacapac refers to Huayna Cápac, the eleventh ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Huáscar	"The species epithet huascari refers to Huascar, the twelfth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Atahualpa	"The species epithet atahualpai refers to Atahualpa, the last ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[15]
† Bakel, Jagt, Fraaije & Artal, 2011	Crustacean	Nostradamus	A fossil cyclid from the Cretaceous of Northern Spain. "Nostradamus, Latinised name of Michel de Nostredame (1503–1566), French seer, well known for his prophecies published in his book Les Prophéties. His name [...] has been chosen because the presence of cyclids in the Alsasua area was predicted by one of us (RHBF) one year prior to the discovery of the holotype of the new taxon."			[16]
Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008	Spider	Topa Inca Yupanqui	"The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of the Inca leader, Tupac Yupanqui, who unified the agricultural populations of Ecuador" The holotype for this species was collected near Puyo, Ecuador. This species was subsequently transferred to the genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925.			[17][18]
Komárek, 2005	Bacterium	Hatuey	This species of freshwater cyanobacterium is endemic to Cuba.			[19]
Stark, 2004	Stonefly	Túpac Amaru	This species is native to Bolivia.			[20]
Stark, 2004	Stonefly	Titu Cusi	This species is native to Bolivia.			[20]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Immanuel Kant	"Dedicated to Immanuel Kant for his The General Natural History and Theory of the Heavens." Subsequently transferred to genus .			[13][21]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Pierre-Simon Laplace	Subsequently transferred to other genera, currently under the genus .			[13][22]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Thomas Paine	Subsequently transferred to genus .			[13][21]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre				[23]
Angeliconana Girault, 1922	Wasp	Fra Angelico				[10]
Chao, 1954	Dragonfly	Koxinga				[24]
Anselmella Girault, 1925	Wasp	Anselm of Canterbury				[10]
Antechinus rosamondae Ride, 1964	Marsupial mammal	Rosamund Clifford	Subsequently transferred to genus Dasykaluta.			[11]
Girault, 1911	Wasp	Anthemius of Tralles				[10]
Ball & Shpeley, 2009	Beetle	Toussaint Louverture	A species of ground beetle native to Hispaniola, named "to honor the memory of the enlightened, self-educated Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743[?]–1803), formerly a slave, who became the most influential leader of the revolution that overthrew the erstwhile ruling European powers, and led to the foundations of an independent Haiti."			[25]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Thomas Paine	"Respectfully dedicated to Thomas Paine, one of the manly defenders of truth and reason and author of the Rights of Man and The Age of Reason."			[26]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus .			[3][27]
Chullasorn, Kangtia, Pinkaew & Ferrari, 2008	Crustacean	Ram Khamhaeng	This species of copepod is native to Thailand.			[28]
† Martínez	Conifer	Pachacuti	A fossil araucarian from the Cretaceous of Cusco Department, Peru, named "in honour [of] Pachakutiq Inka Yupanki (Quechua) [...] the ninth Sapa Inca (1418–1471/1472?) of the kingdom of Cusco which he transformed into the Inca Empire."			[29]
Archytas Jaennicke, 1867	Fly	Archytas				[10]
Arsinoitherium † Beadnell, 1902	Embrithopod (an extinct order of mammals)	Arsinoe II				[11]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Hypatia	Replacement name for Aspilota parallela Fischer, 1976, which was preoccupied by Fischer, 1971.			[30]
Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002	Fish	Leonidas I	"The specific epithet leonidas refers to the Spartan King Leonidas who heroically fought a million-man Persian army with only three hundred soldiers. The battle, in which Leonidas lost his life, took place in the narrow pass of Thermopylae. This epithet is dedicated to all the academic teachers of Argentina that stand in defense of a free and independent education." This species, endemic to rivers of northern Argentina, has been subsequently transferred to the genus .			[31][32]
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Athaulf	Subsequently synonymised with the species .			[33]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus Cirrospilus.			[3][34]
Attila Lesson, 1830	Bird	Attila	A genus of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family, with large heads and hooked bills; they are markedly predatory and aggressive for their size – hence their scientific and common names, which refer to Attila the Hun.			[35][36]
Dumas, de Souza & Rocha, 2017	Caddisfly	Bartolomeu de Gusmão	"Dedicated to the Brazilian priest and inventor Bartolomeu Lourenço de Gusmão, who was born [in] Santos, São Paulo state in 1685 and died in 1724. Bartolomeu de Gusmão was the first Brazilian inventor and scientist, famous for the creation in 1709 of the hot air balloon." This species is native to São Paulo state in Brazil.			[37]
Avicennia L.	Flowering plant	Avicenna				[38]
Strand, 1928	Wasp	Johann Sebastian Bach				[10]
Bachiana Girault, 1940	Wasp	Johann Sebastian Bach				[10]
Shivaji et al., 2009	Bacterium	Aryabhata	A bacterium isolated from cryotubes used to collect air samples from the upper atmosphere at altitudes between 27 and 41 km., "named after the renowned Indian astronomer of the 5th century AD". Research was funded by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation).			[39]
Balboa Distant, 1893	True bug	Vasco Núñez de Balboa				[10]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Artemisia II of Caria	Replacement name for Barichneumon rufipes (Habermehl, 1920), which had originally been described as Cratichneumon rufipes Habermehl, 1920, but upon being transferred to the genus in 1965, became a junior homonym of (Cameron, 1907).			[30]
Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	George Bass	"The generic name is a combination of the name Bass, after the British naval surgeon and explorer George Bass, and Caecilius, a genus of Caeciliusidae." This genus is endemic to Tasmania.			[2]
Becquerelia (plant) Brongn.	Flowering plant	Antoine César Becquerel	"Dedicated to the archfamous investigator of the physical world Becquerel, companion of the Academy of Sciences, who through many ingenious experiments has exposed the hidden powers of nature." 64 years later, Adolphe Brongniart's grandson gave the same name to a genus of fossil insects, after Antoine César Becquerel's grandson, Henri Becquerel. (see List of organisms named after famous people (born 1800–1899))			[40]
Girault, 1932	Wasp	Ludwig van Beethoven				[11]
† García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Ludwig van Beethoven	A fossil genus found in the Devonian of Western Europe. "Dedicated to the greatest of the great musicians, for his unrepeatable symphonic repertoire, Ludwig van Beethoven."			[41]
† García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Johann Sebastian Bach	A fossil species from the Devonian of Northern Spain. "Dedicated to the sublime German composer Johann Sebastian Bach for his counterpoint mastery that has created so much musical beauty."			[41]
† García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Ludwig van Beethoven	A fossil species from the Devonian of Northern Spain, the type species of the genus . "Dedicated to the extraordinary German composer Ludwig van Beethoven, for the energy and extraordinary vitality of his music."			[41]
Bishopina mozarti Bonaduce et al. 1976	Crustacean	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Subsequently synonymised with Neocyprideis timorensis (Fyan, 1916).			[11]
Bleda Bonaparte, 1857	Bird	Bleda	A genus of songbirds in the bulbul family, known as bristlebills. They are found in the forest understorey of western and central Africa.			[42]
Blighia K. D. Koenig	Flowering plant	William Bligh				[11]
† Hampe et al., 2013	Fish	Xerxes I	A fossil species of cartilaginous fish from the Permian of central Iran, named as "A tribute to famous Achaemenian king Xerxes I, who enforced the extension of Persepolis and constructed, among others, the Gate of All Nations and the Hall of a Hundred Columns, the largest and most imposing elements of the central palace there and which deeply impressed the first author."			[43]
Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2007	Wasp	Giovanni Boccaccio	"The generic name is based on the author of the Decameron, Giovanni Boccaccio. In the wake of what is said to be an almost inevitable worldwide pandemic of bird flu in humans, his masterpiece book may in fact be as contemporary to us as ever. The last name "Boccaccio" is combined with the common ending for many fairyfly genera, "-mymar"." One species in this genus was concurrently named .			[44]
Freitas, Kohn & Ibáñez, 1967	Fluke	Lloque Yupanqui	This species was described from specimens collected in Peru. Genus Brachylaemus was subsequently synonymised with Brachylaima.			[45]
Byers, 1976	Scorpionfly	Thomas Jefferson	"This species is named in honor of Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), third president of the United States. The type locality is Mt. Jefferson, North Carolina, and one of the other two known localities (Mt. Rogers-White Top) is in the Jefferson National Forest. Thomas Jefferson was not only an eminent statesman but a scholar with broad interests, among them the natural history of his country. It seems especially appropriate, as we note the nation's bicentennial anniversary, to honor Jefferson, the major author of the Declaration of Independence."			[46]
Brachypanorpa sacajawea Byers, 1990	Scorpionfly	Sacagawea	"This species is named for the Shoshone "Bird Woman" Sacajawea (ca. 1790-1884), who with husband and infant son accompanied the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1805–1806 from Fort Mandan (North Dakota) to the mouth of the Columbia River on the Pacific coast, then back. She is said to have had familiarity with many animal and plant species encountered by the explorers. Her knowledge of the mountains of western Montana and northern Idaho aided the expedition in crossing the Bitterroot Range at Lolo Pass to gain access to a tributary of the Snake River and thence to the Columbia." These are the areas in which the specimens were found.			[47][10]
† Diener 1895	Ammonite	Buddha	A fossil found in the Himalayas. The type species is named Buddhaites rama, for the deity Rama.			[48]
Weigmann et al., 2016	Shark	Johann Sebastian Bach	"The new species is named in honor of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), a musical genius and one of the greatest composers of all time."			[49]
Weigmann & Kaschner, 2017	Shark	Antonio Vivaldi	"The new species is named in honor of Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741), a genius composer of [the] Baroque era, to express its relationship to Bythaelurus bachi, named after sublime genius Johann Sebastian Bach."			[50]
† Trabelsi et al., 2021	Crustacean	Pythagoras	A fossil ostracod from the Cretaceous of Tunisia. "Named for the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras of Samos, after whom the Pythagorean theorem of Euclidean geometry was named, to refer to the geometric (triangular) shape that characterizes the species."			[51]
Calamotropha dagamae Bassi, 2014	Moth	Vasco da Gama	This species is native to Mozambique, where da Gama was the first European explorer to arrive in 1498, marking the start of Portuguese colonisation of the country.			[52]
Caligula (moth) Moore, 1862	Moth	Caligula				[10]
Klotszch	Flowering plant	Caligula	Subsequently synonymised with the species .			[53]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Hildegard of Bingen	Replacement name for Campoletis imperfecta (Viereck, 1925), which had originally been described as Sagaritis imperfectus Viereck, 1925, and was transferred to the genus Campoletis in 1945; when Omorgus imperfectus Kokujev, 1915 was transferred to the same genus in 1965, becoming (Kokujev, 1915), Campoletis imperfecta (Viereck, 1925) became a junior homonym.			[30]
Karmaly & Narendran, 2006	Ant	Ashoka				[54]
Wheeler & Mann, 1914	Ant	Henri Christophe	This species is native to Haiti.			[55]
Wheeler & Mann, 1914	Ant	Toussaint Louverture	This species is native to Haiti.			[55]
Cancer diogenes Linnaeus, 1758	Crustacean	Diogenes	A large hermit crab named after Diogenes of Sinope, who was said to live in a clay jar (pithos). Subsequently transferred to the genus Petrochirus.			[11]
Capoeta ferdowsii Jouladeh-Roudbar et al., 2017	Fish	Ferdowsi	A freshwater scraper fish found in the Zohreh and Fahlian rivers, Iran.			[56]
Capoeta pyragyi Jouladeh-Roudbar et al., 2017	Fish	Magtymguly Pyragy	A freshwater scraper fish found in the Tireh and Sezar rivers (Tigris basin), Iran.			[56]
Captaincookia N.Hallé	Flowering plant	James Cook	Captaincookia is synonym for Ixora			[10]
Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011	Ant	Abu Hurairah	A species native to Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia, "named after Abuhurayra, the companion of the Prophet, Mohammed, may peace and blessing be upon him, and whose tribe inhabited Al Bahah region."			[57]
Carlyleia Girault, 1916	Wasp	Thomas Carlyle				[11]
Casanovula Hoare, 2013	Moth	Giacomo Casanova	A subgenus of Pectinivalva, named "after the famous Italian adventurer and philanderer Giacomo Casanova, in reference to the unusual sexual ornamentation of the males of some species".			[58]
Caupolicana Spinola, 1851	Bee	Caupolicán	A genus described from specimens collected in Chile, named "in honor of Caupolicán, the most famous of Chileans who dared to resist the invasions of foreigners and who sacrificed himself for the independence of his tribe."			[59]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Replacement name for Charops ater (Szépligeti, 1910), which had originally been described as Agrypon atrum Szépligeti, 1910, but upon being transferred to the genus Charops in 1961, became a junior homonym of Szépligeti, 1908.			[30]
† Müller, 1984	Crustacean	Matthias I of Hungary	A fossil species of swimming crab from the Miocene of Hungary, named after "the Hungarian king Mathias, whose favorite spot was Visegrád, the first known locality of the species."			[60]
† Scillato-Yané, Krmpotic & Esteban, 2010	Armadillo	Baruch Spinoza	A fossil species from the Miocene of Argentina.			[61]
Cherokeea attakullakulla Quinter & Sullivan, 2014	Moth	Attakullakulla				[62]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Jeanne Dumée	Replacement name for Chirotica orientalis Kanhekar, 1989, which was preoccupied by Horstmann, 1983.			[30]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Maria Clara Eimmart	Replacement name for Chirotica nigriventris Townes, 1983, which was preoccupied by Horstmann, 1983.			[30]
Chriacus metocometi † Van Valen, 1978	Arctocyonian (an extinct order of mammals)	Metacomet				[63]
Chriacus oconostotae † Van Valen, 1978	Arctocyonian (an extinct order of mammals)	Oconostota				[63]
Chrysophanus rauparaha Fereday, 1877	Butterfly	Te Rauparaha	Known as Rauparaha's copper or mokarakare, this species of butterfly, endemic to New Zealand, was first identified from specimens collected in Kaiapoi, and named "after the Māori chief Te Rauparaha, of the history of whose life the siege and capture of Kaiapoi Pā occupies a prominent part." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lycaena.			[64]
Cingulina archimedea Melvill, 1896	Sea snail	Archimedes	"The miniature screw-like appearance suggested the trivial name, after Archimedes, the celebrated Syracusan mathematician, inventor of the screw, who is reported to have taken for his model thereof the well-known Mediterranean shell Turritella terebra, L."			[65]
Claudius Cope, 1865	Turtle	Claudius				[10]
† Hanna & Israelsky, 1925	Sea snail	Atahualpa	A fossil species from the Miocene of Peru, "named after Atahuallpa, the last king of the Incas."			[66]
Cleopatrodon † Bown & Simons, 1987	Ptolemaiidan (an extinct order of mammals)	Cleopatra VII				[11]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	"This species is respectfully dedicated to the Abbe Saint-Pierre for his The Project of Perpetual Peace."			[67]
Joharchi, 2012	Mite	Ferdowsi	This species of mite, native to Iran, is parasitic of beetle larvae of genus Polyphylla. "The species is named in memory of Hakim Abol Qasem Ferdowsi Tousi, one of the greatest Persian poets, author of the Shahnameh ("The Epic of Kings"), the Persian national epic."			[68]
Confucius Distant, 1907	True bug	Confucius				[10]
Confuciusornis sanctus † Hou et al., 1995	Bird	Confucius	An extinct, early bird. The name means "holy Confucius' bird".			[10]
Cookia Lesson, 1832	Sea snail	James Cook	A genus from New Zealand, of which Cook's expeditions reportedly collected the first known specimens.			[69]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus .			[23][70]
Keum, Jung & Joharchi, 2017	Mite	Sejong the Great	"The species is named in memory of Sejong the Great [...], the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty in [the] Republic of Korea, who encouraged creativity and advancements in scientific technology and under whom the Hangeul (Korean alphabet) was created." This species is native to South Korea.			[71]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Catherine de Parthenay	Proposed as replacement name for Cotesia nonagriae (Viereck, 1913), which had been originally described as Apanteles (Stenopleura) nonagriae Viereck, 1913, but, upon being transferred to the genus Cotesia, had become a junior homonym of (Olliff, 1893). However, Cotesia nonagriae (Viereck, 1913) has been found to be a junior synonym of Cameron 1891, making Kittel's replacement name unnecessary.			[30][72]
Girault, 1919	Wasp	William Cowper				[10]
Crambus bachi Bassi, 2012	Moth	Johann Sebastian Bach				[73]
Crambus frescobaldii Bassi, 2012	Moth	Girolamo Frescobaldi				[73]
Crambus mozarti Bassi, 2012	Moth	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart				[73]
Crambus rossinii Bassi, 2012	Moth	Gioachino Rossini				[73]
† Hanna & Israelsky, 1925	Bivalve	Francisco Pizarro	A fossil species from the Miocene of Peru, "named for Francis Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror of Peru." Subsequently synonymised with .			[66][74]
Veenakumari, 2017	Wasp	Mahavira	This species is native to India.			[75]
Veenakumari, 2017	Wasp	Valmiki	This species is native to India.			[75]
Crocidura attila Dollman, 1915	Shrew	Attila				[11]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Margaret Bryan	Replacement name for Cryptus intermedius Ratzeburg, 1852, which was preoccupied by Schiødte, 1839.			[30]
Felippe-Bauer, 2008	Fly	Huayna Capac	A species of biting midge native to Peru.			[76]
Haeckel 1887	Protist	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	Subsequently transferred to genus .			[11]
Ratcliffe & Cave, 2009	Beetle	Casanova				[10]
Cyclophora serveti Redondo & Gastón, 1999	Moth	Michael Servetus	A species of geometer moth (inchworm) native to Spain, "dedicated to the Aragonese humanist Miguel Servet, an active connoisseur of the most diverse areas of human knowledge. He achieved his greatest glory in medicine with the first description, in the West, of the lesser circulation of the blood." The type locality is Torralba de los Frailes in Zaragoza province, Aragón.			[77]
† Korn, 1999	Ammonite	Averroes	A fossil clymeniid from the Devonian of Morocco, named "After Ibn Rushd (lat. Averroes), *1126 Córdoba, †1198 Marrakech; Arabian physician, philosopher, and commentator on Aristotle (Averroism – theory of the beginningless existence of the world)."			[78]
Romero Nápoles & Romero Ramírez, 2011	Beetle	Nezahualcoyotl	"The specific epithet refers to Acolmiztli Nezahualcóyotl (1402-1472), King of Tezcoco, known commonly as the Poet King." This species is native to Mexico, and the holotype was found in Texcotzingo, the royal gardens of Nezahualcoyotl.			[79]
Dasyurus spartacus Van Dyck, 1987	Marsupial mammal	Spartacus				[11]
Davincia Girault, 1924	Wasp	Leonardo da Vinci				[10]
Demosthenesia A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Demosthenes				[80]
Descampsia Risbec, 1955	Wasp	Jean-Baptiste Descamps				[10]
Descampsina Mesnil, 1956	Fly	Jean-Baptiste Descamps				[10]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Émilie du Châtelet	Replacement name for Diadegma truncatum (Viereck, 1925), which had originally been described as Campoplex (Hyposoter) truncatus Viereck, 1925, but upon being transferred to the genus Diadegma in 1979, became a junior homonym of (Thomson, 1887).			[30]
Levi, 1963	Spider	Bernardo O'Higgins	This species is native to Chile, and the holotype was found in O'Higgins Region.			[81]
Darby, 2016	Beetle	Huayna Capac	This species is native to Peru.			[82]
Borowiec, 2006	Beetle	Atahualpa	This species is native to Peru.			[83]
Naydenov, Yakovlev, Penco & Sinyaev, 2020	Moth	Nikolay Karamzin				[84]
Naydenov, Yakovlev, Penco & Sinyaev, 2020	Moth	Alexander Pushkin				[84]
Vives, 2011	Beetle	Juan Sebastián Elcano	"We name this species after the great Basque seafarer, Juan Sebastián Elcano (1476-1526), who joined Ferdinand Magellan in his naval expedition, being the first naval officer to circumnavigate the Earth."			[85]
Vives, 2011	Beetle	Andrés de Urdaneta	"We name this species after the great Spanish seafarer and member of the Dominican Order, Friar Andrés de Urdaneta y Cerain (Ordícia, 1508 – Ciudad de México, 1568). He was the first to establish the maritime route to return from the Philippines to Mexico, 'El Tornaviaje'"			[85]
Doronomyrmex pocahontas Buschinger, 1979	Ant	Pocahontas	"The new species was found and identified while I was staying at Pocahontas Bungalows near the east entrance to Jasper Park, Alberta. Pocahontas is the name of a North American Indian princess (1595-1617) who was born in Virginia [...]. The word means "the playful one" and is descriptive of the problems that I had in identifying the males." Genus Doronomyrmex was subsequently synonymised with Leptothorax.			[86]
Felix et al., 1976	Fly	Cuauhtémoc	A small fruit fly native to Mexico, "named in honor of Cuauhtémoc, the last emperor of the Aztecs and a national hero of Mexico."			[87]
Vela & Rafael, 2004	Fly	Rumiñahui	A small fruit fly native to Ecuador, "named in honor of Rumiñahui, an indigenous hero who bravely fought against the Spaniards in the 1500's."			[88]
Egilona O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Egilona	Subsequently synonymised with Ceratinopsis.			[33]
Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Cápac Yupanqui	"The species name refers to the emperor Cápac Yupanqui, who was the forerunner king of the first people of the Inca civilization."			[89]
Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Inca Roca	"The species name refers to the emperor Inca Roca, the first king of Inca civilization."			[89]
Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Yawar Waqaq	"The species name refers to the Yahuar Huac [sic]—the third [sic, actually second] Inca King, whose name means tears of blood. This name alludes to the red color of the living species."			[89]
Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Viracocha Inca	"The species name refers to the emperor Viracocha, who was the fourth [sic, actually third] King of the Inca civilization."			[89]
Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Pachacuti	"The species name refers to the Pachacútec, the fifth [sic, actually fourth] King of Inca civilization, who was the most powerful emperor of them"			[89]
Electrophorus voltai de Santana et al., 2019	Electric eel	Alessandro Volta	Capable of discharges of up to 860 V, this species is the strongest bioelectricity generator known to science.			[90]
Castelin, Marquet & Klotz, 2013	Crustacean	Elephantis	"Elephantis is a humorous name after an ancient Greek erotical poetess in reference to the enlarged sexual appendages of males."			[91]
Eleutherodactylus amadeus Hedges et al., 1987	Frog	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Named after Mozart "for the remarkable resemblance of the wide-band audiospectrogram of this species to musical notes."			[92][93]
Eleutherodactylus simonbolivari Wiens & Coloma, 1992	Frog	Simón Bolívar	Subsequently transferred to genus Pristimantis.			[92]
† Girard	Green alga	Napoleon	A fossil species found in Cretaceous amber from Île-d'Aix, off the west coast of France, and named "In reference to the history of Aix Island. The emperor Napoléon I, after he was defeated in Waterloo, stayed for a time on Aix Island before [going on] to be exiled and to die on Sainte Hélène Island."			[94]
Enrico O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Euric	Subsequently synonymised with Eucteniza. The only described species, Enrico mexicanus, was renamed (to avoid homonymy with ), and considered a nomen dubium: since it was originally described based on a juvenile specimen, it is unclear whether it represents a distinct species.			[33]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ellery Channing	"Respectfully dedicated to the William Ellery Channing in recognition of his public utterances against war." Subsequently transferred to genus Trichilogaster.			[67][95]
Rousse & Van Noort, 2014	Wasp	Shaka				[96]
Ervig O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Erwig	Subsequently synonymised with Diguetia.			[33]
J.F.Macbr.	Flowering plant	Atahualpa	This species is native to Peru. "Whether King Atahuallpa murdered his brother or merely defended himself, his famous name may appropriately be perpetuated in the botany of the land of the Incas. Anyway, it may be mentioned, for the pleasure of the cynics, that it would not be the first time that a plant has been named for a reprobate." Subsequently synonymised with .			[97]
Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page, 1997	Fish	Tecumseh	This species is native to Pond River in Kentucky, in an area inhabited by the Shawnee in the past. Its common name is "Shawnee darter".			[98]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Thomas Carlyle	Subsequently transferred to the genus Omphale.			[3][99]
Walker, 1846	Wasp	Agathyllus				[100]
Eupatorium L.	Flowering plant	Mithridates VI Eupator	Named in honor of Mithridates VI Eupator, 132-63 B.C., ancient king of Pontus, who reportedly discovered the medicinal uses for some Eupatorium species plants.			[101][102]
Euphorbia regis-jubae Webb & Berthel.	Flowering plant	Juba II				[11]
Eurycea junaluska Sever et al., 1976	Salamander	Junaluska				[103]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Elena Cornaro Piscopia	Replacement name for Exetastes rufiventris Meyer, 1929, which had become a junior homonym when Banchus rufiventris Brullé, 1846 was transferred to the genus Exetastes in 1966, becoming (Brullé, 1846).			[30]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Marie Crous	Replacement name for Exetastes longipes Uchida, 1928, which had become a junior homonym when Campoplex longipes Smith, 1878 was transferred to the genus Exetastes in 1961, becoming (Smith, 1878).			[30]
Favila O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Favila of Asturias	Subsequently synonymised with Eucteniza.			[33]
Girault 1934	Wasp	George Finlay				[10]
Franklinia W.Bartram ex Marshall	Flowering plant	Benjamin Franklin				[11]
Gazella bilkis † Groves & Lay, 1985	Gazelle	Queen of Sheba	"Bilkis or Bilqis is the name given to the Queen of Sheba in Arabic writings. [...] The kingdom of Sheba corresponded approximately with the modern Republic of North Yemen [the type locality] [...]. The name thus commemorates both the legendary beauty of the Queen of Sheba and the geographic location of her realm."			[104]
Gentiana L.	Flowering plant	Gentius				[11]
Paul & Menzies, 1971	Crustacean	Ludwig van Beethoven				[11]
Godiva Macnae, 1954	Sea slug	Lady Godiva				[11]
Goetheana Girault, 1920	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe				[11]
Girault, 1920	Wasp	William Shakespeare				[11]
Goethella Girault, 1928	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe				[10]
Gomphotherium hannibali † Welcomme, 1994	Proboscidean	Hannibal	A fossil species, related to elephants, from the Miocene of Languedoc, France; named "in honour of the Carthaginian general Hannibal who, on his journey through Languedoc to conquer Rome in 218 BC, passed with his elephants near the site [where the remains were found]."			[105]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Roger Bacon	"Dedicated to the Roman Catholic friar, Roger Bacon, who, in an early superstitious and ignorant century, long since laid down the basis for science and reason. He was centuries ahead of his time." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[13][106]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Giordano Bruno	"Dedicated to the monistic philosopher Giordano Bruno, who in the middle ages was a father of monism and a sound thinker at a time when most were under the combined influence of superstition and dogmatic religion." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[13][106]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Thomas Carlyle	Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[23][106]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Auguste Comte	"Dedicated to Auguste Comte, the positive philosopher, whose philosophic principles, although not always right, were based upon positivism, materialism, realism or experience combined with reason."			[13]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Leonardo da Vinci	"Dedicated to Leonardo Da Vinci, the manly Italian, one of the earliest of scientists." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[13][106]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	"Dedicated to Johann Wolfgang Goethe, poet, naturalist and monistic philosopher." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[13][106]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Christiaan Huyghens	"Dedicated to Huyghens who discovered the vibratory principle of light." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[13][106]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Mikhail Lomonosov	Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[107][106]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	"Respectfully dedicated to the Abbe Saint-Pierre for his work entitled The Project of Perpetual Peace." Subsequently transferred to genus Lymaenon.			[108][106]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Baruch Spinoza	"Dedicated to the profound student and thinker, Baruch Spinoza, who in the seventeenth century introduced the monistic conception of matter, "the loftiest, profoundest, and truest thought of all ages."" Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[13][106]
† Van Valen, 1978	Mesonychid (an extinct order of mammals)	Hiawatha				[63]
† Cole et al., 2017	Sea lily	Francisco de Goya	A fossil genus of crinoids from the Ordovician of Zaragoza, Spain, named "in recognition of the Spanish painter, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, who was born in Fuendetodos (Zaragoza province), several kilometers north of the locality were this crinoid was collected."			[109]
Grotiusella Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently synonymised with the genus Eulophinusia Girault, 1913.			[3][110]
Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917	Wasp	Hugo Grotius				[10]
Guemesia † Agnolín et al., 2022	Dinosaur	Martín Miguel de Güemes	An abelisaurid dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Argentina "honoring General Martin Miguel de Güemes, who was both Governor and a military leader who defended northwestern Argentina during the War of Independence. The year 2021 has been declared as "the bicentennial of the death of General Güemes" by the Senate of the Argentine Nation."			[111]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ellery Channing	"Respectfully dedicated to William E. Channing for his Discourses on War." Subsequently transferred to the name .			[3][112]
Winterbottom, 1978	Fish	Shaka	"Named for the Zulu king, Shaka, who raised his people from a small tribe to a powerful nation. The hastate body of the new species is a perhaps fanciful reminder of the short stabbing spear or "iklwa" which Shaka developed and used with such devastating effect." This species was found in Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			[113]
† Pérez-de la Fuente, Delclòs, Peñalver & Engel, 2012	Lacewing	Diogenes	A fossil species found in Cretaceous amber from northern Spain. Only the larva is known, which, like the larvae of many extant lacewings, camouflaged itself by covering its body with debris, but in this case its exceptionally long bristles formed a basket which enabled it to carry a very large "trash packet". "The species name is a patronym for the Greek philosopher Diogenes of Sinope, whose name has been applied to a human behavioral disorder characterized by compulsive hoarding of trash."			[114]
Hannibalia Girault, 1928	Thrip	Hannibal				[10]
Hanyusuchus † Iijima et al., 2022	Crocodile	Han Yu	An extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian from the Holocene of South China, whose extinction may have been human-induced, according to researchers. In his 819 work "Text for the Crocodiles" (祭鱷魚文), Han Yu issued a proclamation in which he instructed the crocodiles to leave the area of Chaozhou or be killed, after a rash of crocodile attacks on humans and livestock.			[115][116]
Lazarov, 2008	Spider	Asparuh of Bulgaria	This species is native to Bulgaria.			[117]
Harpagus Vigors, 1824	Bird	Harpagus				[11]
Harriotta raleighana Goode & T. H. Bean, 1895	Chimaera	Sir Walter Raleigh	The narrownose chimaera, found in temperate seas worldwide, at depths between 200 and 2,600 m. Its length is between 1.0 and 1.5 m, including a long, tapering snout and a long, filamentous tail. "This species is named in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh, philosopher and explorer, by whom the first English scientific expedition was sent to the New World."			[118]
J.F.Macbr.	Flowering plant	Huáscar	This species is native to Peru. "Its name conmemorates Huascar, son of the Inca king Huyana [sic]. He died in battle over the kingdom inherited jointly with his brother Atahuallpa."			[97]
Stekolnikov, 2016	Mite	Naresuan	A species of chigger found on common treeshrews and greater bandicoot rats in Thailand, "named after Naresuan, the king of Ayutthaya Kingdom (at the territory of modern Thailand) in 1590–1605, one of the most glorious Thai kings."			[119]
Logunov, 2019	Spider	Xerxes I	This species, native to Iran, is "named after Xerxes I (reigned 485–465 BC) of the Achaemenid dynasty, the King of Persia, who marched against Greece but was defeated at Salamis."			[120]
Hellinsia benalcazari Gielis, 2011	Moth	Sebastián de Belalcázar	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after Sebastian de Benalcazar, lieutenant of Francisco Pizarro, the conquistador of South America."			[5]
Gielis, 2014	Moth	Eugenio Espejo	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after and in honor of Eugenia [sic] Espejo, son of an indian father and mulatto mother, born in 1747. He was a brilliant scholar and poet, writing against colonialism. He died in prison in 1795."			[121]
Hellinsia huayna Gielis, 2011	Moth	Huayna Capac	This species is native to Ecuador.			[5]
Hellinsia orellanai Gielis, 2011	Moth	Francisco de Orellana	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after Francesco de Orellana, conquistador and lieutenant of Gonzalo Pizarro."			[5]
Hellinsia paccha Gielis, 2011	Moth	Paccha Duchicela	This species is native to Ecuador.			[5]
Hellinsia pizarroi Gielis, 2011	Moth	Francisco Pizarro	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, the first European to set foot in many parts of South America."			[5]
Hellinsia ruminahuii Gielis, 2011	Moth	Rumiñahui	This species is native to Ecuador.			[5]
Hellinsia sucrei Gielis, 2011	Moth	Antonio José de Sucre	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after Antonio José de Sucre, who was crucial in achieving the freedom of several South American countries."			[5]
Hellinsia tupaci Gielis, 2011	Moth	Topa Inca Yupanqui	This species is native to Ecuador.			[5]
DaSilva & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2010	Harvestman	Zumbi dos Palmares	"In honor of Zumbi dos Palmares (1655-1695), leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares, town where black slaves lived after escaping from Portuguese landlords in northeast Brazil. He is a symbol of black resistance in Brazil." This species is native to Brazil.			[122]
Herodotia Girault 1931	Wasp	Herodotus				[10]
Hesperia hobomok Harris, 1862	Butterfly	Hobomok	Subsequently transferred to genus Lon.			[10][123]
Freitas & Ibáñez, 1961	Roundworm	Atahualpa	A parasite of the Andean tinamou, found in Peru, named "in homage to the memory of Atahualpa, the last Inca, killed in 1533 by order of Pizarro."			[124]
Marsh, 2013	Wasp	George Washington				[125]
Marsh, 2013	Wasp	Xerxes I				[125]
Homeryon Galil, 2000	Crustacean	Homer				[126]
Pan & Bologna, 2014	Beetle	Marco Polo	"As a tribute to the collaboration established among the authors during the Ph.D. studies made in Italy by one of them (PZ), the new species is named after Marco Polo (1254–1324), the Venetian explorer who, during a long period of permanence in China in the late XIII century (1271–1284), established the first well documented relationships between the Chinese and European worlds and opened western culture to the wide and rich Chinese heritage."			[127]
Skale & Jäch, 2009	Beetle	Johann Grueber	"Named for the Austrian Jesuit priest Johannes [sic] Grueber (1623–1680), who was the first European to visit and report about Tibet's capital Lhasa and its mystical Potala Palace. On his way back he traversed the Himalaya and visited Kathmandu Valley. Grueber probably was the first Austrian in Nepal." This species is native to Nepal, and its discoverers are Austrian.			[128]
Ibyka † J.E. Skog & H.P. Banks	Plant	Ibycus				[10]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Maria Cunitz	Replacement name for Ichneumon impressus Gmelin, 1790: 2704, which was preoccupied by Gmelin, 1790: 2698.			[30]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Jacoba van den Brande	Replacement name for Ichneumon lateralis Kriechbaumer, 1887, which was preoccupied by Cuvier, 1833.			[30]
† Seiffert et al., 2007	Afrosoricidan mammal	Jawhar al-Siqilli	A fossil species from the Oligocene of Northern Egypt.			[129]
Jeffersonia Barton	Flowering plant	Thomas Jefferson				[11]
Jenghizkhan † Olshevsky, 1995	Dinosaur	Genghis Khan				[11]
Jubaea Kunth	Palm	Juba II				[11]
Girault 1928	Wasp	John Keats	Subsequently synonymised with .			[130][131]
† Engel, Grimaldi & Krishna, 2007	Termite	Genghis Khan	A fossil genus from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. "The new genus-group name is a combination of Khan, the title of political and military leaders in the ancient Mongol Empire, and Termes (meaning "termite"), the first generic name of the Isoptera. The generic name is a reference to the most famous Khan of ancient Mongolia, Genghis Khan (c. 1162–18 August 1227, born Borjigin Temüjin, the former being his surname, was bestowed with the title Khan and became Genghis Khan in 1206). He united the Mongol Tribes into the Mongol Empire in 1206."			[132]
Kwazulusaurus shakai † Maisch, 2002	Dicynodont	Shaka	"After King Shaka Zulu (c. 1787-1828), leader of the Zulu nation." A fossil lystrosaurid from the Late Permian of South Africa. The only known specimen was found in KwaZulu-Natal.			[133]
Girault, 1922	Wasp	Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais				[10]
Stekolnikov, 2014	Mite	Fa Ngum	A species of chigger that affects the Laotian rock rat, a living fossil discovered in 2005 in central Laos. "The species is named after Fa Ngum, who founded in 1354 the kingdom of Lan Xang Hôm Khao ("land of one million elephants and a white parasol"), the earliest kingdom on the territory of Laos."			[134]
Lapageria Ruiz & Pav.	Flowering plant	Empress Joséphine	Named after Joséphine's maiden name, Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie "in copliment to her for her many services to botany; she greatly encouraged the cultivation of exotic plants by growing them herself in her garden at Malmaison, near Paris."			[135]
Legionella shakespearei Verma et al. 1992	Bacterium	William Shakespeare	Isolated from Stratford-upon-Avon, birthplace of Shakespeare			[136]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Mikhail Lomonosov	"Respectfully dedicated to the Russian peasant, Michael Wassiliewitsch Lomonosoff, afterward physical chemist, professor and man of affairs, one of the fathers of modern chemistry and profound research scholar." Genus Leimacis was subsequently synonymised with Arescon.			[13][137]
Leonardo Błeszyński, 1965	Moth	Leonardo da Vinci				[138]
Leonardo avicennae Bassi, 1990	Moth	Avicenna				[139]
Leonardo davincii Błeszyński, 1965	Moth	Leonardo da Vinci				[138]
Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec	This species is endemic to Tasmania, which Huon de Kermadec explored.			[2]
Leuciscus carolitertii Doadrio, 1987	Fish	Charles III of Spain	The bordallo or Northern Iberian chub is a freshwater minnow endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, named "for Carlos III, the Spanish King who founded the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, in 1771." Subsequently transferred to genus Squalius.			[140]
Linguamyrmex vladi † Barden & Grimaldi, 2017	Ant	Vlad the Impaler	A fossil species found in Cretaceous Burmese amber, named "in reference to Vlad III, or Vlad Dracula (c. 1429–1476), prince of a region of Romania then called Wallachia. His moniker, Vlad the Impaler, refers to his favoured and frequent method of execution, which inspired the vampirous character Count Dracula fictionalized by Bram Stoker in 1897. The patronym is in reference to the presumed impalement of prey by Linguamyrmex and its liquid diet."			[141]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Mikhail Lomonosov				[142]
Girault, 1919	Wasp	Martin Luther	Replaced by nomen novum .			[10]
De Grave & Anker, 2018	Crustacean	Napoleon	A shrimp from the South Atlantic Ocean, "named after Napoléon Bonaparte (1769–1821), arguably St. Helena's [the type locality] most famous resident, from his exile to the island in 1815 to his death there in 1821."			[143]
Ortea & Moro, 2020	Sea slug	Ferdinand Magellan	"Named in honor of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese sailor in the service of Charles I of Spain, who captained until his death on April 27, 1521, the first expedition that navigated around the world 500 years ago (1519-1521)." This monotypic genus –and the family –, were created for the species initially described as Aeolidiopsis elcanoi (honouring Juan Sebastián Elcano), also in this list.			[9]
Girault, 1939	Wasp	Ferdinand Magellan	This genus was subsequently synonymised with Girault, 1915.			[144][145]
Mammuthus jeffersonii † Osborn, 1922	Mammoth	Thomas Jefferson				[11]
† Fanti & Damgaard, 2019	Beetle	Thomas Bartholin	A fossil soldier beetle found in Baltic amber from the Eocene of Kaliningrad Oblast. "In memory of the Danish physician, mathematician and theologian Thomas Bartholin (Malmö - Scania, 20 October 1616 – Copenhagen, 4 December 1680). He theorized that amber had to come from conifers and that it had been hardened in seawater. He was therefore also one of the pioneers of Danish amber research."			[146]
Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	John Pedder	This species is endemic to Tasmania, where Pedder was the first Chief Justice.			[2]
Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	John Helder Wedge	This species is endemic to Tasmania, where Wedge was a surveyor, explorer and politician.			[2]
Megachile huascari Cockerell, 1912	Bee	Huáscar	This species is native to Peru.			[147]
Megalonyx jeffersonii † Desmarest, 1822	Ground sloth	Thomas Jefferson	A fossil species from the Pleistocene of North America. The generic name Megalonyx ("Great claw") was first suggested by Jefferson himself in a paper he presented in 1797, credited as the beginning of vertebrate paleontology in North America.			[11][148]
† Arribas & Garrido, 2008	Saber-toothed cat	El Cid	A subspecies of the Megantereon type species, found in Pliocene deposits of Southern Spain. "Dedicated to Don Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, an 11th century Castilian warrior (1048-1099 AD) known since his time as the Cid Campeador".			[149]
Hash, 2014	Fly	Mithridates VI Eupator	"named for King Mithridates VI of Pontus (120–63 BC), who regularly ingested nonlethal amounts of poison to build up an immunity." This species is attracted to highly toxic defensive compounds produced by polydesmid millipedes.			[150]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Aspasia	Replacement name for Megarhogas maculipennis Chen & He, 1997, which was preoccupied by (Cameron, 1905).			[30]
Stuke & Freidberg, 2017	Fly	Brothers Grimm	Flies of the genus Meoneura are very small (1–2 mm). "The species is dedicated to Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, who collected and published the German folklore, and made dwarfs famous, for example in the fairytale Snow White." Other species in the same genus were named concurrently after literary or folklore characters notable for their small size, such as Bilbo Baggins, King Goldemar, Nils Holgersson or Oskar Matzerath.			[151]
Stuke, 2016	Fly	Jonathan Swift	Flies of the genus Meoneura are very small (1–2 mm). Swift "demonstrated in... Gulliver's Travels, that small individuals might be very important."			[152]
† Engel, 2010	Beetle	Anawrahta	A fossil species found in Cretaceous Burmese amber.			[153]
Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Maria Gaetana Agnesi	Replacement name for Mesochorus turgidus Kusigemati, 1985, which was preoccupied by Dasch, 1974.			[30]
Microchilo elgrecoi Błeszyński, 1966	Moth	El Greco				[11]
Microchilo murilloi Błeszyński, 1966	Moth	Bartolomé Esteban Murillo				[11]
† Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Lautaro	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile, named "after Lautaro (1535–1557), important toqui (war-chief) of the Mapuche who defeated Pedro de Valdivia in the Battle of Tucapel in 1553 and remains a symbol of the struggle for freedom of the indigenous peoples of Chile."			[6]
† Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Pelantaro	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile, named "after Pelantaro, cacique (chief) of the Mapuche, who drove the Spaniards out of southern Chile in 1598."			[6]
Mirina confucius Zolotuhin & Witt, 2000	Moth	Confucius				[154]
Mitra kamehameha Pilsbry, 1921	Sea snail	King Kamehameha I	Described from a specimen collected in Honolulu, Hawaii. Subsequently synonymised with Nebularia ustulata.			[155][156]
De Lira, 2022	Sawfly	Cuauhtémoc	"in honor of the last Aztec emperor, originally from the municipality of Ixcateopan, where the attack by this species of Monoctenus [on weeping juniper trees] occurred, and the mountain range where the infestations are located is known as the Cuauhtémoc mountain range."			[157]
Sharaf & Collingwood, 2010	Ant	Muadh ibn Jabal	A species native to Yemen, "named after the friend of Prophet Mohammed, Moath Ebn Jabal who was sent to Yemen to distribute Islam."			[158]
Girault 1926	Wasp	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart				[11]
Girault 1926	Wasp	Ludwig van Beethoven	Type species of Mozartella			[11]
† Wilson, 1963	Coral	Hypatia	A fossil coral from the Carboniferous of Nevada, USA.			[159]
Napoleonaea P.Beauv.	Flowering plant	Napoleon	Palisot de Beauvois named the type species Napoleonaea imperialis			[11]
J.F.Macbr.	Flowering plant	Huayna Capac	This species is native to Peru. "The name commemorates King Huyana [sic], father of the last Inca kings, Huascar and Atahuallpa." Subsequently transferred to genus Tigridia.			[97]
Nemoptera bipennis boabdili Aistleitner, 1984	Spoonwing	Muhammad XII of Granada	Named after Muhammad XII's Spanish name, Boabdil; this subspecies is native to the Province of Granada.			[160]
Neonympha mitchellii francisci Parshall & Kral, 1989	Butterfly	Francis of Assisi	"We name the new subspecies in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, known for kindness to animals and a love of natural beauty."			[161]
Nesolestes ranavalona Schmidt, 1951	Damselfly	Ranavalona I	This species is native to Madagascar.			[24][162]
Thornton & New, 1981	Barklouse	John Cook (pirate)	A species of barklouse native to Robinson Crusoe Island "named after John Cook, a buccaneer who is reputed to have used the island as a refuge." Subsequently transferred to genus .			[163][164]
Thornton & New, 1981	Barklouse	Daniel Defoe	A species of barklouse native to Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández archipelago, named after Daniel Defoe's famous novel Robinson Crusoe, which was in turn inspired by Alexander Selkirk's 4-year ordeal as a castaway on this island. Subsequently transferred to genus .			[163][164]
Thornton & New, 1981	Barklouse	Alexander Selkirk	A species of barklouse native to Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández archipelago, named after Daniel Defoe's famous novel Robinson Crusoe, which was in turn inspired by Alexander Selkirk's 4-year ordeal as a castaway on this island. Subsequently transferred to genus .			[163][164]
Odostomia (Evalea) pocahontasae Henderson & Bartsch, 1914	Sea snail	Pocahontas	This species was described from specimens collected in Chincoteague, Virginia.			[165]
Offacolus † Orr et al., 2000	Early Arthropod	Offa of Mercia	A fossil genus of euchelicerate arthropods from the Silurian Coalbrookdale Formation of Herefordshire, UK. "Generic name (Latin) after Offa, eighth century king of Mercia and colus, dwelling among, alluding, hereabouts, to Offa's dyke" (part of which runs through Herefordshire)			[166]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	Subsequently transferred to the genus .			[107][167]
Werner & Peters, 2018	Wasp	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	"Named in honour of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) on the occasion of [the 300th anniversary of his death]. The Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in which this study was done is part of the Leibniz Association, named after Leibniz."			[168]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus Aprostocetus.			[3][169]
Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Oppas				[33]
Izquierdo, 2017	Spider	King Kamehameha I	This species is native to Hawai'i.			[170]
Izquierdo, 2017	Spider	Manco Cápac	"The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from Manco Cápac, the first governor and founder of the Inca culture in Cusco". This species is native to Peru, and the holotype was collected in Cusco.			[170]
Chen, 1950	Damselfly	Koxinga	Subsequently synonymised with McLachlan, 1895.			[24]
Ovidia Meisn.	Flowering plant	Ovid				[10]
Ovidia Girault, 1924	Wasp	Ovid
Ovis ammon polii Blyth, 1841	Sheep	Marco Polo	A subspecies of argali known as Marco Polo sheep because he described them briefly in The Travels of Marco Polo: "Then there are sheep here as big as asses; and their tails are so large and fat, that one tail shall weigh some 30 lb. They are fine fat beasts, and afford capital mutton."			[171][172] [173]
† Van Valen, 1978	Colugo	Tecumseh	A fossil mammal from the Paleocene of New Mexico. Originally classified as a condylarth, subsequently synonymised with , a primitive colugo or flying lemur.			[63]
† Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Galvarino	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile, named "after Galvarino, chief of the Mapuche. Galvarino fled from Spanish captivity after both his hands were severed, to continue his struggle against the invaders."			[6]
Palacios-Vargas & Simón-Benito, 2009	Springtail	Francisco de Goya				[174]
Palacios-Vargas & Simón-Benito, 2009	Springtail	Hieronymus Bosch				[174]
Prajapati, Hun & Raval, 2021	Spider	Narsinh Mehta	"The specific epithet is dedicated to the great Indian poet saint, Narsinh Mehta. His belief in equality can be understood by his one of the famous poetry 'Vaishnav jan to', which became inspiration for Mahatma Gandhi."			[175]
Pamphila confucius Felder & Felder, 1862	Butterfly	Confucius	First identified in China, though it can be found in several other Asian countries. Subsequently transferred to the genus Potanthus.			[176]
Papilio montezuma Westwood, 1842	Butterfly	Moctezuma II	Subsequently transferred to the genus Parides.			[11]
Švihla & Ramírez Fischer, 2012	Beetle	Daniel Defoe	A species of false blister beetle endemic to Robinson Crusoe Island, "dedicated to the famous English writer, Daniel Defoe (1660–1731), author of the novel Robinson Crusoe. It is based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor who spent four years and four months as a castaway, when he was marooned on the uninhabited island of Masatierra, later re-named Robinson Crusoe Island."			[177]
Paroxyna cleopatra Hering, 1937	Fly	Cleopatra VII	Subsequently synonymised with Campiglossa messalina.			[10]
Hering, 1937	Fly	Valeria Messalina	Subsequently transferred to the genus Campiglossa.			[10]
Ibáñez, 1974	Fluke	Yawar Waqaq	Ths species, a parasite of the turkey vulture, was described from specimens collected in Peru. It has subsequently been assigned the status of species inquirenda because of the poor state of conservation of the holotype. Furthermore, genus Paryphostomum has been synonymised with .			[178][179] [180]
Pecten jeffersonius † Say, 1824	Scallop	Thomas Jefferson	Subsequently transferred to the genus Chesapecten. It is an abundant fossil scallop from the Pliocene of Virginia, Jefferson's home state, where it has been designated as the official state fossil.			[181]
Pelayo O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Pelagius of Asturias	Subsequently synonymised with Josa.			[33]
Periclesia A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Pericles	"Flllowing Klotzsch's custom of naming genera of Vacciniaceae after historical figures [see, for example, , Psammisia, Socratesia, Sophoclesia, Themistoclesia, also in this list], this genus is dedicated to the Greek statesman Pericles."			[182]
† Müller, 1984	Crustacean	Joseph Haydn	A fossil species of porcelain crab from the Miocene of Austria, "Named after the great [composer], Joseph Haydn, who worked in Eisenstadt." (the type locality)			[60]
Phalaena agrippina Cramer, 1776	Moth	Julia the Younger	Derived from Julia the Younger's birth name Vipsania Agrippina. Subsequently transferred to the genus Thysania.			[11]
Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Henry Hellyer	This species is endemic to Tasmania, where Hellyer was an early European surveyor and explorer.			[2]
Pinus montezumae Lamb.	Conifer	Moctezuma II				[11]
Pinus tecunumanii F.Schwerdtf. ex Eguiluz & J.P.Perry	Conifer	Tecun Uman	"The taxon was first described in 1953 by a German forest entomologist, F. Schwerdtfeger, who had been appointed by FAO to investígate an epidemic of Dendroctonus sp. beetle which was devastating the pine forests of Guatemala. On arrival he found his work hampered by the lack of information on the taxonomy and distribution of the natural pine forests of the region, and was therefore forced to study the systematics of the local pines before commencing his entomological work. The Tecún Umán pine was the only species he encountered that he could not fit into the then existing classification systems. In 1953 Schwerdtfeger published a very full account of his new pine as P. tecumumanii (naming it after the last leader of the Quiche Indians in Guatemala who was killed in 1524 by Pedro de Alvarado of Spain during the conquest of the American Isthmus), clearly differentiating it from all the other local species." Unfortunately, Schwerdtfeger's description was not validly published (for a variety of reasons), and it remained for Eguiluz and Perry (1983) to correct the error, maintaining Schwerdtfeger's name (though correcting the spelling).			[183][184]
Pithecia isabela Marsh, 2014	Primate	Isabel Godin des Odonais	A saki monkey from Peru, named in honor of Isabel Godin des Odonais and her grand journey across South America to reunite with her husband, paying tribute to "an amazing piece of South American history that absolutely needed proper recognition."			[185]
Plato Coddington, 1986	Spider	Plato				[11]
Platonia Mart.	Flowering plant	Plato				[186]
† Korn, 1999	Ammonite	Avicenna	A fossil clymeniid from the Devonian of Morocco, named "After Ibn Sina (Lat. Avicenna), *980 Afschana (Bokhara), †1037 Hamadan; physician and philosopher, the most important transmitter of Greek philosophy to the Orient."			[78]
† Čerňanský & Augé, 2013	Lizard	Eratosthenes	A fossil wall lizard from the Oligocene of southern Germany, named "To recognize the contribution made by Eratosthenes of Cyrene. He was a Greek mathematician, elegiac poet, athlete, geographer and astronomer. He was the first person to prove that the Earth was round and calculate the circumference of the earth (with remarkable accuracy)."			[187]
Plethodon sequoyah Highton, 1989	Salamander	Sequoyah				[92]
Luer & Vásquez	Orchid	Topa Inca Yupanqui	"Named in honor of the chieftain Inca Yupanki who built the stone buildings now lying in ruins east of Samaipata" (where the type specimens were found growing). Subsequently transferred to genus Dryadella.			[188]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus Apleurotropis			[3]
Plutarchia Girault, 1925	Wasp	Plutarch				[11]
Plutarchia A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Plutarch				[80]
Polyclita A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Polyclitus				[80]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Benjamin Franklin	Subsequently transferred to the genus Palaeoneura.			[107][70]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	Subsequently transferred to the genus Palaeoneura.			[107][70]
Huber, 2020	Spider	Simón Bolívar	"The species is named for Venezuelan military and political leader Simón Bolívar. Not having a single Venezuelan pholcid named for El Libertador would be inexcusable."			[189]
Espinosa & Ortea, 2018	Sea snail	Pedro Menéndez de Avilés	"Named in honour of the Spanish soldier and sailor Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, on the 500th anniversary of his birth in Avilés, Asturias (15 February 1519); known as the Adelantado de La Florida for reconquering Florida in 1565 and founding the city of Saint Augustine."			[190]
Psammisia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Psamtik II	After Psammis, the name used by Herodotus to refer to Psamtik II.			[53]
Pseudoeurycea ahuitzotl Adler, 1996	Salamander	Ahuitzotl				[92]
Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Louis de Freycinet	This species is endemic to Tasmania.			[2]
Pulex cheopis Rothschild, 1903	Flea	Khufu	From Khufu's Hellenized name Cheops; it has been subsequently moved to the genus Xenopsylla. Known as the Oriental rat flea, tropical rat flea, or plague flea, it is a parasite of rodents, particularly Rattus, and is a primary vector for bubonic plague and murine typhus.			[11][191]
Quijote cervantesi Ortea, Moro & Bacallado, 2016	Sea snail	Miguel de Cervantes	Generic name comes from his book Don Quijote de la Mancha			[192]
Girault, 1922	Wasp	Raphael				[10]
Rana montezumae Baird, 1854	Frog	Moctezuma II	Subsequently transferred to the genus Lithobates.			[92]
Raphaelana Girault 1926	Wasp	Raphael	Subsequently synonymised with the genus Cheiloneurus.			[11]
Raphaelonia Girault 1924	Wasp	Raphael	Subsequently synonymised with the genus Omphale.			[10]
Nam & Lee, 2005	Crustacean	Sejong the Great	A copepod collected from the coast of South Korea, whose name "honors King Sejong the Great, who during his reign (1418–1450) made many cultural and scientific innovations and devised the Korean Hangeul alphabet."			[193]
Girault, 1920	Wasp	Jean Paul	Derived from Paul's birth name, Johann Paul Friedrich Richter			[11]
A.L.Bull & Edees	Flowering plant	Boudica	A species of bramble native to East Anglia, England, whose name "commemorates the East Anglian queen who defied the Romans."			[194]
Rusophycus leifeirikssoni † Bergström, 1976	Trilobite trace fossil	Leif Erikson	An ichnospecies identified from the Ordovician of Bell Island (Newfoundland and Labrador), and named "After another early being, the Greenland viking Leif Eiriksson, who left his traces on Newfoundland (Vinland) about 1000 years ago."			[195]
Sappho Reichenbach, 1849	Bird	Sappho				[11]
Scabricola lavoisieri Guillot de Suduiraut, 2002	Sea snail	Antoine Lavoisier	"This new species is named in memory of Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (1743-1794), father of modern chemistry and ancestor of the author."			[196]
Schilleria Girault, 1932	Wasp	Friedrich Schiller	Its nomen novum is Schilleriella Ghesquiere, 1946			[10]
Schinderhannes † Kühl, Briggs & Rust, 2009	Early Arthropod	Schinderhannes	A fossil radiodont from the Devonian of Germany. The single specimen was discovered in Hunsrück slates near Bundenbach, and is named after the 18th-century outlaw Schinderhannes who frequented this area.			[197]
Scipionyx † Dal Sasso & Signore, 1998	Dinosaur	Scipio Africanus				[11]
Sciurus aberti Woodhouse, 1853	Squirrel	John James Abert				[198]
† Korn, 1999	Ammonite	Ibn Tufail	A fossil clymeniid from the Devonian of Morocco, named "After Ibn Tufayl (lat. Abubacer), *1115 Guadix, †1185 Marrakech; Arab physician and philosopher (By observation and reflection up to the highest levels of natural and divine cognition)."			[78]
Sequoia Endl.	Conifer	Sequoyah	The derivation of Sequoia from "Sequoyah" is controversial since the botanist who coined it left no record of the etymology.			[199]
Shakespearia Girault, 1928	Wasp	William Shakespeare	Subsequently synonymised with Psyllaephagus Ashmead, 1900			[130][131]
† Chen, Wang, Maas & Waloszek, 2005	Early Arthropod	Zheng He	An early marine arthropod found in the Maotianshan Shales, Cambrian deposits in Yunnan, China. It is named "in honor of [the] great mariner of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He (1371–1435), who sailed from China to many places throughout [the] South Pacific, Indian Ocean, Taiwan, Persian Gulf and distant Africa in seven epic voyages from 1405 to 1433. He was born near Jinning close to the fossil locality and was buried in the southern outskirts of Bull's Head Hill (Niushou) in Nanjing, China." This species was subsequently synonymised with .			[200][201]
Socratesia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Socrates	Subsequently synonymised with Cavendishia.			[53]
Sophoclesia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Sophocles	Subsequently synonymised with Sphyrospermum.			[53]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius				[142]
Spartacus Distant, 1884	True bug	Spartacus				[10]
Bahls, 2012	Diatom	William Clark	"Named after William Clark (1770–1838), an early 19th Century Montana explorer." The holotype for this species was collected from a spring at the base of Square Butte, Chouteau County, Montana.			[202]
Bahls, 2012	Diatom	Meriwether Lewis	"Named after Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809), an early 19th Century Montana explorer." The holotype for this species was collected from Blodgett Lake in Ravalli County, Montana.			[202]
Bahls, 2012	Diatom	Sacagawea	"Named after the Lemhi Shoshone woman, Sacajawea (1788–1812?), who served as guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark".			[202]
Bahls, 2012	Diatom	David Thompson	"Named for David Thompson (1770–1857), an early 19th Century Montana explorer and cartographer". The holotype for this species was collected from Upper Wolverine Lake in Kootenai National Forest, Lincoln County, Montana.			[202]
Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Simón Bolívar	A rove beetle native to Venezuela, whose name "honour[s] Simon Bolivar (1783-1830), the liberator of South America from Spanish rule."			[203]
Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Chimalpopoca	"I choose for this Mexican species the name of the Aztec king Chimalpopoca (1417-1426), the successor of Huitzilihuitl."			[203]
Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Alonso de Ojeda	A rove beetle native to Venezuela, whose name "recall[s] Alonso de Ojeda, who, together with Amerigo Vespucci and Martín Fernández de Enciso, undertook an expedition to Venezuela in 1499, from which the name "Venezuela" is said to have been coined."			[203]
Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Amerigo Vespucci	A rove beetle native to Venezuela, whose name "recall[s] Amerigo Vespucci, who, together with Alonso de Ojeda and Martín Fernández de Enciso, undertook an expedition to Venezuela in 1499, from which the name "Venezuela" is said to have been coined."			[203]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	John Dalton	"Dedicated to the discoverer of the atomic theory in chemistry."			[13]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Antoine Lavoisier	"Dedicated to the discoverer of the law of the conservation of matter."			[13]
Girault, 1912	Wasp	Andreas Vesalius	"Dedicated to Andreas Vesalius, one of the earliest men of the present civilisation to assert the right of free thought and independent mentality."			[13]
Strelitzia reginae Banks	Flowering plant	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz				[11]
Reid, Hunt & Stanley	Crustacean	Sequoyah	A freshwater copepod found in streambeds of Arkansas and Oklahoma. "The species name honors the great educator and inventor of the Cherokee Indian alphabet, Sequoyah (George Gist)."			[204]
† Engel, Nel & Perrichot, 2011	Termite	Syagrius	A fossil genus found in Cretaceous amber from France. "The new genus-group name is a combination of Syagrius (430–486/7 AD), the last Roman 'magister militum' of ancient Gaul (eventually being overrun by Clovis I of the Salian Franks), and 'Termes', common generic suffix in the Isoptera"			[205]
† Campbell, 1979	Bird	José de San Martín	A fossil species of heron from the Pleistocene epoch, found in the Talara Tar Seeps of northwestern Peru, and "named for José de San Martín, who proclaimed Peruvian independence at Lima on July 28, 1821."			[206]
Taksinus Songsangchote, Sippawat, Khaikaew & Chomphuphuang, 2022	Spider	Taksin the Great	A genus of tarantulas native to Thailand, named "in honor of Taksin the Great, king of the Thonburi Kingdom, in commemoration of his early career."			[207]
† Engel, Grimaldi & Krishna, 2007	Termite	Anawrahta	A fossil species found in Cretaceous Burmese amber. "The specific epithet is a patronymic honoring King Anawrahta who reigned from 1044 AD until his death in 1077, and the first ruler of a unified Burmese Empire who also converted the country to Theravada Buddhism."			[132]
Girault, 1921	Wasp	Alessandro Tassoni				[10]
Tecunumania Standl. & Steyerm.	Flowering plant	Tecun Uman	A genus created for a species of gourd first collected in mountain forests of Guatemala; "The generic name is derived from that of Tecún Umán, hero and leader of the Indians of western Guatemala, who fought so heroically to resist the Spanish invaders, but were finally overthrown and dispersed in a bloody battle near the site of the present city of Quetzaltenango."			[208][11]
Telmatobius atahualpai Wiens, 1993	Frog	Atahualpa	This species is native to Peru.			[209]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	"Respectfully dedicated to the Abbe Saint-Pierre for his The Project of Perpetual Peace." Subsequently transferred to genus Aprostocetus.			[67][210]
Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ladd				[67]
Teudis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Theudis				[33]
Thalassidroma hornbyi Gray, 1853	Bird	Phipps Hornby	Hornby had collected the holotype. The species has since been transferred to the genus Oceanodroma.			[35][211]
Thalesanna Girault, 1938	Wasp	Thales of Miletus				[10]
Thecla acis casasi Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Bartolomé de las Casas	This subspecies, native to Cuba, is "named for Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474-1566), a Dominican monk, known as the 'Apostle of the Indies.'". Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[212]
Thecla acis petioni Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Alexandre Pétion	This subspecies is native to Haiti. Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[212]
Thecla angelia boyeri Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Jean Pierre Boyer	This subspecies is native to Hispaniola. Subsequently transferred to genus Electrostrymon.			[212]
Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Henri Christophe	This species is native to Hispaniola. Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[212]
Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Toussaint Louverture	This species is native to Haiti. Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[212]
Themistoclesia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Themistocles				[53]
Tianyulong confuciusi † Zheng et al., 2009	Dinosaur	Confucius				[213]
† Devries, 2016	Bivalve	José de San Martín	A fossil species from the Oligocene and Miocene of Peru, "Named in honor of José de San Martín (1778–1850), a liberator of Argentina and Peru."			[74]
Pickard-Cambridge, 1899	Spider	Daniel Defoe	A species of spider endemic to Juan Fernández Islands, where Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk was marooned for over 4 years, inspiring Defoe's famous novel Robinson Crusoe. Subsequently transferred to genus Neomaso.			[214]
Álvarez-Padilla, Ubick & Griswold, 2012	Spider	Johannes Kepler	A species of goblin spider endemic to Madagascar.			[215]
Torricellia DC.	Flowering plant	Evangelista Torricelli	This genus, "arising in the highest mountains, I have dedicated to the physicist Torricelli, who, by the invention of the barometer, enabled the measurement of mountains, and for this reason deserves much respect in botany."			[216]
Trezzi & Guzzetti, 2015	Beetle	Túpac Katari	This species is native to Bolivia.			[217]
Stekolnikov, 2016	Mite	Kosa Pan	A species of chigger found on common treeshrews in Thailand, "named after Kosa Pan ("Foreign Minister Pan"), a famous Siamese diplomat and minister, head of the Second Thai embassy to France in 1686 A.D."			[119]
† Petrulevičius & Gutiérrez, 2016	Dragonfly	Túpac Amaru II and Milagro Sala	Fossil Odonatoptera from the Carboniferous of La Rioja Province, Argentina. "Dedicated to the memory of José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera, "Túpac" Amaru II (1738-1781) and to Milagro Amalia Ángela "Sala" (1963-). Túpac Amaru in 1780-1781 initiated a revolt against [the] Spanish State and its rules. He was tortured (forced to witness the execution of the sentences imposed on his family), executed and quartered to be exposed. Milagro Sala is a prominent Argentine social leader, Secretary of the "Organización Barrial Túpac Amaru" and Parliamentary of the Parlasur imprisoned with other members of the organization since January 16, 2016." The type species is named Tupacsala niunamenos, "Dedicated to "Ni una menos" (Not one [woman] less), a collective against gender violence. It is a collective campaign that arose from the need to say "enough femicides", because in Argentina every 30 hours a woman is killed just [for] being a woman."			[218]
Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) pocahontasae Henderson & Bartsch, 1914	Sea snail	Pocahontas	This species was described from specimens collected in Chincoteague, Virginia.			[165]
Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) powhatani Henderson & Bartsch, 1914	Sea snail	Powhatan	This species was described from specimens collected in Chincoteague, Virginia.			[165]
Yong, 2019	Katydid	Hatuey	"This species is named after Hatuey (birth date unknown, murdered by fire at stake in 1512), the well-known Taíno cacique. He was the first rebel native to America and coincidentally, he lived in the same two islands where this species occurs: Cuba and Hispaniola"			[219]
Uromitra hypatiae Pallary, 1912	Sea snail	Hypatia	"I dedicate this little species to the memory of the Alexandrian scholar whose erudition and tragic end deserve more than this humble tribute from a naturalist." The holotype was collected in Alexandria, Egypt. The genus Uromitra was subsequently synonymised with Vexillum.			[220]
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995	Spider	Gabriela Silang	This species is endemic to the Philippines. Subsequently synonymised with .			[221][222]
Wamba O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Wamba				[33]
Washingtonia H.Wendl.	Palm	George Washington				[11]
Witica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Wittiza				[33]
Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015	Caddisfly	Simón Bolívar	A species native to Venezuela, "named in honor of the Latin American General Simón Bolivar (1783–1830), who is called "El Gran Libertador" (The Great Liberator)."			[223]
Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015	Caddisfly	Túpac Amaru II	"This new species is named in honor of Túpac Amaru (José Gabriel Condorcanqui, 1740–1781, Peru) who led the Incas during many years of rebellion against the Spanish occupation in Latin America."			[223]
Wulfila O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Wulfila				[33]
Xiphophorus montezumae Jordan & Snyder, 1899	Fish	Moctezuma II				[224]
Rosen, 1960	Fish	Hernán Cortés	"The name cortezi is a historical reference to the Spanish conquistador, Hernando Cortez [sic]". Originally described as a subspecies, but subsequently promoted to species status, as .			[225]
Xiphophorus malinche Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990	Fish	La Malinche	"In keeping with the allegorical use of important historical figures in the Spanish conquest of Mexico to suggest phylogenetic relationships of swordtails in the Pánuco basin, this species is named after Malinche (also called Marina or Doña Marina by the Spaniards), a linguistically gifted Indian slave who played a role in the Spanish conquest as the interpreter, secretary, and mistress of Hernando Cortes [sic]."			[226]
Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990	Fish	Nezahualcoyotl	"As the sister species of X. montezumae, we felt it appropriate to name this species for Nezahualcoyotl, the poet-philosopher emperor of Tezcoco (Texcoco), considered to be coequal with Montezuma, monarch of the Aztecs in the Aztec Triple Alliance."			[226]
Girault, 1941	Wasp	Alessandro Volta	Subsequently transferred to the genus Austroencyrtus.			[227][228]
Fraser, 1949	Dragonfly	Ranavalona I	This species is native to Madagascar.			[24][162]