List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: E–F

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Legend of nucleobases
Code Nucleotide represented
A Adenine (A)
C Cytosine (C)
G Guanine (G)
T Thymine (T)
N A, C, G or T
M A or C
R A or G
W A or T
Y C or T
S C or G
K G or T
H A, C or T
B C, G or T
V A, C or G
D A, G or T

This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with E to F inclusive. It contains approximately 110 enzymes.

The following information is given:

  • Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the internationally adopted nomenclature[1][2], and bibliographical references. (Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".)
  • PDB code: Code used to identify the structure of a protein in the PDB database of protein structures. The 3D atomic structure of a protein provides highly valuable information to understand the intimate details of its mechanism of action[3][4].
  • Source: Organism that naturally produces the enzyme.
  • Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds.
  • Cut: Cutting site and DNA products of the cut. The recognition sequence and the cutting site usually match, but sometimes the cutting site can be dozens of nucleotides away from the recognition site[5][6].
  • Isoschizomers and neoschizomers: An isoschizomer is an enzyme that recognizes the same sequence as another. A neoschizomer is a special type of isoschizomer that recognizes the same sequence as another, but cuts in a different manner. A maximum number of 8-10 most common isoschizomers are indicated for every enzyme but there may be many more. Neoschizomers are shown in bold and green color font (e.g.: BamHI). When "None on date" is indicated, that means that there were no registered isoschizomers in the databases on that date with a clearly defined cutting site. Isoschizomers indicated in white font and grey background correspond to enzymes not listed in the current lists:
as in this not listed enzyme:  EcoR70I 


Whole list navigation[]

Restriction enzymes[]

E[]

Enzyme PDB code Source Recognition sequence Cut Isoschizomers
Eubacterium acidaminophilum 5' GGATC
3' CCTAG
5' ---GGATCNNNN   N--- 3'
3' ---CCTAGNNNNN   --- 5'
AclWI, AlwI, BinI,  BpuFI,  BspPI,
BstH9I,  Bst31TI, Bth617I, Ral8I 
Enterobacter aerogenes 5' YGGCCR
3' RCCGGY
5' ---Y   GGCCR--- 3'
3' ---RCCGG   Y--- 5'
Enterobacter aerogenes 46 5' CCGCGG
3' GGCGCC
5' ---CCGC   GG--- 3'
3' ---GG   CGCC--- 5'
Enterobacter aerogenes 5' CCCGGG
3' GGGCCC
5' ---C   CCGGG--- 3'
3' ---GGGCC   C--- 5'
AhyI, Cfr9I, EclRI, PaeBI, PspAI, PspALI, XcyI, XmaI, XmaCI
Enterobacter agglomerans 5' CGGCCG
3' GCCGGC
5' ---C   GGCCG--- 3'
3' ---GCCGG   C--- 5'
AaaI, BseX3I, BstZI, EclXI, Eco52I, SenPT16I, XmaIII
Enterobacter agglomerans CBNU45 5' CGATCG
3' GCTAGC
5' ---CGAT   CG--- 3'
3' ---GC   TAGC--- 5'
Afa16RI, Afa22MI, BspCI, ErhB9I, NblI, Psu161I, RshI, XorII
Enterobacter agglomerans M3 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG
5' ---G   GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG   G--- 5'
Bme18I, BsrAI, Csp68KI, Eco47I, FssI, HgiEI, Kzo49I, SmuEI
5' CTCTTC
3' GAGAAG
5' ---CTCTTCN   NNN--- 3'
3' ---GAGAAGNNNN   --- 5'
5' GACN5GTC
3' CTGN5CAG
5' ---GACNNN   NNGTC--- 3'
3' ---CTGNN   NNNCAG--- 5'
AhdI, AspEI,  BmeRI,  BspOVI,
DriI, EclHKI, NruGI
Enterobacter aerogenes 5' CTCTTC
3' GAGAAG
5' ---CTCTTCN   NNN--- 3'
3' ---GAGAAGNNNN   --- 5'
Enterobacter cloacae 5' GGTNACC
3' CCANTGG
5' ---G   GTNACC--- 3'
3' ---CCANTG   G--- 5'
AcrII, Bse64I, BseT10I, BstEII, Eco91I, EcoO65I, EcoO128I
Escherichia coli 5' GGCGGA
3' CCGCCT
5' ---GGCGGAN8NNN   --- 3'
3' ---CCGCCTN8N   NN--- 5'
Escherichia coli VKM-125 5' GGTNACC
3' CCANTGG
5' ---G   GTNACC--- 3'
3' ---CCANTG   G--- 5'
AcrII, AspAI, BseT10I, BstEII, Eco91I, EcoO65I, EcoO128I
Enterobacter cloacae 5' CAGCTG
3' GTCGAC
5' ---CAG   CTG--- 3'
3' ---GTC   GAC--- 5'
Enterobacter cloacae RFL136 5' GAGCTC
3' CTCGAG
5' ---GAG   CTC--- 3'
3' ---CTC   GAG--- 5'
Enterobacter cloacae 5' GACN5GTC
3' CTGN5CAG
5' ---GACNNN   NNGTC--- 3'
3' ---CTGNN   NNNCAG--- 5'
AhdI, AspEI,  BmeRI,  BspOVI,
DriI, Eam1105I, NruGI
Enterobacter cloacae R 5' CCCGGG
3' GGGCCC
5' ---C   CCGGG--- 3'
3' ---GGGCC   C--- 5'
AhyI, Cfr9I, EaeAI, Pac25I, PspAI, PspALI, XcyI, XmaI, XmaCI
Enterobacter cloacae 590 5' CGGCCG
3' GCCGGC
5' ---C   GGCCG--- 3'
3' ---GCCGG   C--- 5'
AaaI, BseX3I, BstZI, EagI, Eco52I, SenPT16I, XmaIII
2FQZ Enterobacter cloacae 18k 5' CCNGG
3' GGNCC
5' ---   CCNGG--- 3'
3' ---GGNCC   --- 5'
Enterobacter cloacae 37k 5' CTGCAG
3' GACGTC
5' ---CTGCA   G--- 3'
3' ---G   ACGTC--- 5'
AjoI, AliAJI, Ecl2zI, PaePI, Psp23I, PstI, Sag16I, SflI, YenI
Enterobacter cloacae 2z 5' CTGCAG
3' GACGTC
5' ---CTGCA   G--- 3'
3' ---G   ACGTC--- 5'
AliAJI, Bsp63I, CfrA4I, PaePI, Pfl21I, PstI, SflI, Sst12I, YenI
Escherichia coli RFL24 5' GRGCYC
3' CYCGRG
5' ---GRGCY   C--- 3'
3' ---C   YCGRG--- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL31 5' GGTCTC
3' CCAGAG
5' ---GGTCTCN   NNNN--- 3'
3' ---CCAGAGNNNNN   --- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL32 5' GATATC
3' CTATAG
5' ---GAT   ATC--- 3'
3' ---CTA   TAG--- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL47 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG
5' ---G   GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG   G--- 5'
Bme18I, BsrAI, Csp68KI, ErpI, FssI, HgiEI, Kzo49I, SmuEI
Escherichia coli RFL47 5' AGCGCT
3' TCGCGA
5' ---AGC   GCT--- 3'
3' ---TCG   CGA--- 5'
AfeI, AitI, Aor51H, FunI
Escherichia coli RFL52 5' CGGCCG
3' GCCGGC
5' ---C   GGCCG--- 3'
3' ---GCCGG   C--- 5'
AaaI, BseX3I, BstZI, EagI, EclXI, SenPT16I, XmaIII
Escherichia coli RFL56 5' GCCGGC
3' CGGCCG
5' ---G   CCGGC--- 3'
3' ---CGGCC   G--- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL57 5' CTGAAG
3' GACTTC
5' ---CTGAAGN12NNNN   --- 3'
3' ---GACTTCN12NN   NN--- 5'
AcuI, BspKT5I
Escherichia coli RFL64 5' GGYRCC
3' CCRYGG
5' ---G   GYRCC--- 3'
3' ---CCRYG   G--- 5'
BanI, BbvBI, BspT107I, BshNI, HgiCI, HgiHI, MspB4I, PfaAI
Escherichia coli RFL72 5' CACGTG
3' GTGCAC
5' ---CAC   GTG--- 3'
3' ---GTG   CAC--- 5'
AcvI, BcoAI, BbrPI, PmaCI, PmlI, PspCI
Escherichia coli RFL78 5' GGCGCC
3' CCGCGG
5' ---GGC   GCC--- 3'
3' ---CCG   CGG--- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL81 5' CCTNAGG
3' GGANTCC
5' ---CC   TNAGG--- 3'
3' ---GGANT   CC--- 5'
AxyI, Bse21I, BspR7I, Bsu36I, Eco81I, MstII, OxaNI, SshAI
Escherichia coli RFL88 5' CYCGRG
3' GRGCYC
5' ---C   YCGRG--- 3'
3' ---GRGCY   C--- 5'
AquI, BcoI, BsiHKCI, BstSI, Eco27kI, NspSAI, PlaAI, PunAI
Escherichia coli RFL91 5' GGTNACC
3' CCANTGG
5' ---G   GTNACC--- 3'
3' ---CCANTG   G--- 5'
Bse64I, BstEII, BstPI, BstT9I, BstT10I, EcaI, Eci125I, NspSAII
Escherichia coli RFL105 5' TACGTA
3' ATGCAT
5' ---TAC   GTA--- 3'
3' ---ATG   CAT--- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL130 5' CCWWGG
3' GGWWCC
5' ---C   CWWGG--- 3'
3' ---GGWWC   C--- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL147 5' AGGCCT
3' TCCGGA
5' ---AGG   CCT--- 3'
3' ---TCC   GGA--- 5'
AatI, AspMI, GdiI, PceI, Pme55I, SarI, Sru30DI, SseBI, SteI, StuI
Escherichia coli RFL255 5' AGTACT
3' TCATGA
5' ---AGT   ACT--- 3'
3' ---TCA   TGA--- 5'
Acc113I, AssI,  BmcAI, Bpa34I, 
DpaI, RflFII, ScaI, ZrmI
Escherichia coli RFL1831 5' CCSGG
3' GGSCC
5' ---   CCSGG--- 3'
3' ---GGSCC   --- 5'
AhaI, AseII, AsuC2I, BcnI,
 BpuMI,  CauII, EcoHI, HgiS22I
Escherichia coli A4 5' GGTCTC
3' CCAGAG
5' ---GGTCTCN   NNNN--- 3'
3' ---CCAGAGNNNNN   --- 5'
Escherichia coli HI 5' CCSGG
3' GGSCC
5' ---   CCSGG--- 3'
3' ---GGSCC   --- 5'
AsuC2I, BcnI, BpuMI, CauII, EcoHI, HgiS22I, Kpn49kII, NciI
Escherichia coli HK31 5' YGGCCR
3' RCCGGY
5' ---Y   GGCCR--- 3'
3' ---RCCGG   Y--- 5'
Escherichia coli 2bT 5' GAGCTC
3' CTCGAG
5' ---GAG   CTC--- 3'
3' ---CTC   GAG--- 5'
Escherichia coli BKM 5' GRGCYC
3' CYCGRG
5' ---GRGCY   C--- 3'
3' ---C   YCGRG--- 5'
Escherichia coli RFL57M 5' CTGRAG
3' GACYTC
5' ---CTGRAGN12NNNN   --- 3'
3' ---GACYTCN12NN   NN--- 5'
Escherichia coli 5' CCTN5AGG
3' GGAN5TCC
5' ---CCTNN   NNNAGG--- 3'
3' ---GGANNN   NNTCC--- 5'
Escherichia coli O44 Hiromi 5' GGTCTC
3' CCAGAG
5' ---GGTCTCN   NNNN--- 3'
3' ---CCAGAGNNNNN   --- 5'
Escherichia coli K11a 5' GGTNACC
3' CCANTGG
5' ---G   GTNACC--- 3'
3' ---CCANTG   G--- 5'
AcrII, Bse64I, BstEII, BstPI, BstT9I, EcaI, Eco91I, EcoO128I
1WTD Escherichia coli H709c 5' RGGNCCY
3' YCCNGGR
5' ---RG   GNCCY--- 3'
3' ---YCCNG   GR--- 5'
Escherichia coli O128Ly3 5' GGTNACC
3' CCANTGG
5' ---G   GTNACC--- 3'
3' ---CCANTG   G--- 5'
AspAI, Bse64I, BstEII, BstT9I, EcaI, EcoO65I, NspSAII, PspEI
Escherichia coli P15 5' CAGCAG
3' GTCGTC
5' ---CAGCAGN25NN   --- 3'
3' ---GTCGTCN25   NN--- 5'
2y3t, 2w74 Search Escherichia coli 5' 5'-GAAN7RTCG-3'
5'  
 
EcoRI 1QC9, Search EcoR1 structures Escherichia coli RY13 5' GAATTC
3' CTTAAG
5' ---G   AATTC--- 3'
3' ---CTTAA   G--- 5'
EcoRII 1NA6 Escherichia coli R245 5' CCWGG
3' GGWCC
5' ---   CCWGG--- 3'
3' ---GGWCC   --- 5'
ApaORI, BseBI, BspNI, BstNI, BstOI, Bst2UI, MvaI, SspAI, ZanI
EcoRV 1RVE Search EcoRV Escherichia coli J62 pLG74 5' GATATC
3' CTATAG
5' ---GAT   ATC--- 3'
3' ---CTA   TAG--- 5'
Escherichia coli TB14 5' CCWWGG
3' GGWWCC
5' ---C   CWWGG--- 3'
3' ---GGWWC   C--- 5'
Escherichia coli TB22 5' ATGCAT
3' TACGTA
5' ---ATGCA   T--- 3'
3' ---T   ACGTA--- 5'
BfrBI, Csp68KIII, Mph1103I, NsiI, PinBI, Ppu10I, SepI, SspD5II
Escherichia coli TH38 5' GRGCYC
3' CYCGRG
5' ---GRGCY   C--- 3'
3' ---C   YCGRG--- 5'
Escherichia coli E1585-68 5' AAGCTT
3' TTCGAA
5' ---A   AGCTT--- 3'
3' ---TTCGA   A--- 5'
Escherichia coli 13k 5' CCNGG
3' GGNCC
5' ---   CCNGG--- 3'
3' ---GGNCC   --- 5'
Escherichia coli 21k 5' CCNGG
3' GGNCC
5' ---   CCNGG--- 3'
3' ---GGNCC   --- 5'
Escherichia coli 27 5' CYCGRG
3' GRGCYC
5' ---C   YCGRG--- 3'
3' ---GRGCY   C--- 5'
Ama87I, AvaI, Bse15I, BsoBI, BstSI, NspIII, OfoI, PunAI
Escherichia coli 5' CCGCGG
3' GGCGCC
5' ---CCGC   GG--- 3'
3' ---GG   CGCC--- 5'
Escherichia coli 53k 5' GAGCTC
3' CTCGAG
5' ---GAG   CTC--- 3'
3' ---CTC   GAG--- 5'
Escherichia coli 137k 5' CCNGG
3' GGNCC
5' ---   CCNGG--- 3'
3' ---GGNCC   --- 5'
Enterobacter gergoviae NA 5' GGCGCC
3' CCGCGG
5' ---GGC   GCC--- 3'
3' ---CCG   CGG--- 5'
Erwinia herbicola 9/5 5' GGCGCC
3' CCGCGG
5' ---GGC   GCC--- 3'
3' ---CCG   CGG--- 5'
5' CCWWGG
3' GGWWCC
5' ---C   CWWGG--- 3'
3' ---GGWWC   C--- 5'
5' CGATCG
3' GCTAGC
5' ---CGAT   CG--- 3'
3' ---GC   TAGC--- 5'
Afa16RI, Afa22MI, EagBI, NblI, Ple19I, Psu161I, RshI, XorII
5' CCWWGG
3' GGWWCC
5' ---C   CWWGG--- 3'
3' ---GGWWC   C--- 5'
5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG
5' ---G   GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG   G--- 5'
Bme18I, BthAI, Csp68KI, Eco47I, FssI, HgiEI, Kzo49I, SmuEI
5' TCGA
3' AGCT
5' ---TC   GA--- 3'
3' ---AG   CT--- 5'
5' GGCC
3' CCGG
5' ---GG   CC--- 3'
3' ---CC   GG--- 5'
Eucapsis sp. 5' GCTNAGC
3' CGANTCG
5' ---GC   TNAGC--- 3'
3' ---CGANT   CG--- 5'
Erwinia sp. RFL3 5' CGTCTC
3' GCAGAG
5' ---CGTCTCN   NNNN--- 3'
3' ---GCAGAGNNNNN   --- 5'
Erwinia sp. RFL4 5' CTTAAG
3' GAATTC
5' ---C   TTAAG--- 3'
3' ---GAATT   C--- 5'
Enterobacter sp. RFL1396 5' CCAN5TGG
3' GGTN5ACC
5' ---CCANNNN   NTGG--- 3'
3' ---GGTN   NNNNACC--- 5'
AccB7I, AcpII, Asp10HII, BasI, PflBI, PflMI, Van91I

F[]

Enzyme PDB code Source Recognition sequence Cut Isoschizomers
5' AAGN5CTT
3' TTCN5GAA
5' ---AAGN5CTTN7NNNNNN   --- 3'
3' ---TTCN5GAAN7N   NNNNN--- 5'
5' CGCG
3' GCGC
5' ---CG   CG--- 3'
3' ---GC   GC--- 5'
BepI, BspFNI, Bsp123I, BspFNI, BstUI, BtkI, FalII, SelI, ThaI
5' GGGAC
3' CCCTG
5' ---GGGACN8NN   NNNN--- 3'
3' ---CCCTGN8NNNNNN   --- 5'
5' CATG
3' GTAC
5' ---   CATG--- 3'
3' ---GTAC   --- 5'
5' CCCGC
3' GGGCG
5' ---CCCGCNNNN   NN--- 3'
3' ---GGGCGNNNNNN   --- 5'
5' CGCG
3' GCGC
5' ---CG   CG--- 3'
3' ---GC   GC--- 5'
Bpu95I, BspFNI, Bsp123I, BspFNI, BstUI, BtkI, Csp68KVI, SelI, ThaI
5' CATATG
3' GTATAC
5' ---CA   TATG--- 3'
3' ---GTAT   AC--- 5'
Flavobacterium balustinum 5' TGATCA
3' ACTAGT
5' ---T   GATCA--- 3'
3' ---ACTAG   T--- 5'
AbaI, BclI, BsiQI,
BspXII, BstT7I, Ksp22I,  ParI 
Flavobacterium balustinum 5' GTMKAC
3' CAKMTG
5' ---GT   MKAC--- 3'
3' ---CAKM   TG--- 5'
AccI, XmiI
5' GCNGC
3' CGNCG
5' ---GC   NGC--- 3'
3' ---CGN   CG--- 5'
5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG
5' ---G   GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG   G--- 5'
Bme18I, BthAI, Csp68KI, ErpI, FssI, HgiEI, Kzo49I, SmuEI
5' TGCGCA
3' ACGCGT
5' ---TGC   GCA--- 3'
3' ---ACG   CGT--- 5'
Acc16I, AosI, AviII, FspI, MstI, NsbI, PamI, Pun14627I
Fervidobacterium gondwanense AB39T 5' CTAG
3' GATC
5' ---C   TAG--- 3'
3' ---GAT   C--- 5'
5' GGNCC
3' CCNGG
5' ---GGNC   C--- 3'
3' ---C   CNGG--- 5'
FmuI AvcI, BavAII, Bce22I, Bsu54I, NspIV, Pde12I, UnbI
Fusobacterium nucleatum A 5' GANTC
3' CTNAG
5' ---G   ANTC--- 3'
3' ---CTNA   G--- 5'
Fusobacterium nucleatum C 5' GATC
3' CTAG
5' ---   GATC--- 3'
3' ---CTAG   --- 5'
Bme12I, Bsp67I, Bst19II, CcyI, FnuEI, MgoI, NphI, SauMI
Fusobacterium nucleatum D 5' GGCC
3' CCGG
5' ---GG   CC--- 3'
3' ---CC   GG--- 5'
Fusobacterium nucleatum D 5' CGCG
3' GCGC
5' ---CG   CG--- 3'
3' ---GC   GC--- 5'
Bpu95I, Bsh1236I, Bsp50I, BstFNI, BstUI, Csp68KVI, FnuDII, ThaI
Fusobacterium nucleatum D 5' GCGC
3' CGCG
5' ---GCG   C--- 3'
3' ---C   GCG--- 5'
AspLEI, BspLAI, BstHHI, CfoI, HhaI, Hin6I, HinP1I, HspAI, SciNI
Fusobacterium nucleatum E 5' GATC
3' CTAG
5' ---   GATC--- 3'
3' ---CTAG   --- 5'
Bme12I, Bsp67I, Bst19II, CcyI, FnuCI, MgoI, NphI, Sau3AI
Fusobacterium nucleatum 4H 5' GCNGC
3' CGNCG
5' ---GC   NGC--- 3'
3' ---CGN   CG--- 5'
FokI 2FOK 5' GGATG
3' CCTAC
5' ---GGATGN8N   NNNN--- 3'
3' ---CCTACN8NNNNN   --- 5'
Flavobacterium sp. O9 5' GRGCYC
3' CYCGRG
5' ---GRGCY   C--- 3'
3' ---C   YCGRG--- 5'
Frankia sp. Eu11b 5' GGCCGGCC
3' CCGGCCGG
5' ---GGCCGG   CC--- 3'
3' ---CC   GGCCGG--- 5'
Frankia sp. 5' RAATTY
3' YTTAAR
5' ---R   AATTY--- 3'
3' ---YTTAA   R--- 5'
AcsI, ApoI,  CfaI,  XapI
Fischerella sp. 5' TGCGCA
3' ACGCGT
5' ---TGC   GCA--- 3'
3' ---ACG   CGT--- 5'
Acc16I, AosI, AviII, FdiII, MstI, NsbI, PamI, Pun14627I
Fischerella sp. 5' TTCGAA
3' AAGCTT
5' ---TT   CGAA--- 3'
3' ---AAGC   TT--- 5'
Asp10HI, Bim19I, BsiCI, BstBI, Csp45I, LspI, PlaII, Ssp1I, SviI
Flavobacterium sp. I 16-04 5' CCWGG
3' GGWCC
5' ---CC   WGG--- 3'
3' ---GGW   CC--- 5'
ApaORI, BseBI, BshGI, BstNI, BstOI, Bst2UI, BthEI, EcoRII, SleI
Flexibacter sp. TV-m21K 5' RTGCGCAY
3' YACGCGTR
5' ---RTGC   GCAY--- 3'
3' ---YACG   CGTR--- 5'
Flavobacterium sp. RFLI 5' CTAG
3' GATC
5' ---C   TAG--- 3'
3' ---GAT   C--- 5'
Flavobacterium sp. 4H 5' GCNGC
3' CGNCG
5' ---GC   NGC--- 3'
3' ---CGN   CG--- 5'
Fischerella sp. 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG
5' ---G   GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG   G--- 5'
Bme18I, BthAI, DsaIV, ErpI, HgiBI, HgiEI, Kzo49I, SmuEI
Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG
5' ---G   GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG   G--- 5'
Bme18I, BthAI, DsaIV, ErpI, FspMSI, HgiEI, Kzo49I, VpaK11AI
5' AGCGCT
3' TCGCGA
5' ---AGC   GCT--- 3'
3' ---TCG   CGA--- 5'
AfeI, AitI, Aor51H, Eco47III
5' GAATTC
3' CTTAAG
5' ---G   AATTC--- 3'
3' ---CTTAA   G--- 5'

Notes[]

  1. ^ Smith HO, Nathans D (December 1973). "Letter: A suggested nomenclature for bacterial host modification and restriction systems and their enzymes". J. Mol. Biol. 81 (3): 419–23. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90152-6. PMID 4588280.
  2. ^ Roberts RJ, Belfort M, Bestor T, Bhagwat AS, Bickle TA, Bitinaite J, Blumenthal RM, Degtyarev SK, Dryden DT, Dybvig K, Firman K, Gromova ES, Gumport RI, Halford SE, Hattman S, Heitman J, Hornby DP, Janulaitis A, Jeltsch A, Josephsen J, Kiss A, Klaenhammer TR, Kobayashi I, Kong H, Krüger DH, Lacks S, Marinus MG, Miyahara M, Morgan RD, Murray NE, Nagaraja V, Piekarowicz A, Pingoud A, Raleigh E, Rao DN, Reich N, Repin VE, Selker EU, Shaw PC, Stein DC, Stoddard BL, Szybalski W, Trautner TA, Van Etten JL, Vitor JM, Wilson GG, Xu SY (April 2003). "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7): 1805–12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg274. PMC 152790. PMID 12654995.
  3. ^ Jeremy MB, John LT, Lubert S (2002). "3. Protein Structure and Function". Biochemistry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4684-0.
  4. ^ Anfinsen C.B. (1973). "Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains". Science. 181 (4096): 223–30. doi:10.1126/science.181.4096.223. PMID 4124164.
  5. ^ Kessler C, Manta V (August 1990). "Specificity of restriction endonucleases and DNA modification methyltransferases a review (Edition 3)". Gene. 92 (1–2): 1–248. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(90)90486-B. PMID 2172084.
  6. ^ Pingoud A, Jeltsch A (September 2001). "Structure and function of type II restriction endonucleases". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (18): 3705–27. doi:10.1093/nar/29.18.3705. PMC 55916. PMID 11557805.
Retrieved from ""