List of wars involving Spain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of wars and armed conflicts fought by the Kingdom of Spain, its predecessor states or in Spanish territory.

Ancient[]

  • 237–218 BCE Barcid conquest of Hispania
  • 218–17 BCE Roman conquest of Hispania
  • 181–179 BCE First Celtiberian War
  • 155–139 BCE Lusitanian War
  • 154–152 BCE Second Celtiberian War
  • 134–133 BCE Siege of Numantia
  • 104–103 BCE
  • 80–72 BCE Sertorian War
  • 49–45 BCE Caesar's Civil War
  • 29–19 BCE Cantabrian Wars
  • 169–172 CE
  • 177–180 CE
  • 258–260 CE
  • 409–411 CE
  • 414–418 CE
  • 419–420 CE
  • 438–453 CE
  • 456–457 CE
  • 456–463 CE
  • 456 CE
  • 458–459 CE

Medieval[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Byzantine conquest of Visigothic Baetica
(551–555) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Simple Labarum2.svg Byzantine Empire Byzantine victory
Visigothic conquest of Spania
(570–624) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Simple Labarum2.svg Byzantine Empire Visigothic victory

(572) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Simple Labarum2.svg Byzantine Empire Visigothic victory

(573) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Sappi Visigothic victory
Visigothic conquest of Cantabria
(574) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Cantabri Visigothic victory

(575–577) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Reino suevo.svg Kingdom of the Suebi Visigothic victory

(581) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Vascones Visigothic victory

(585–586) 		Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Reino suevo.svg Kingdom of the Suebi Visigothic victory
Umayyad conquest of Hispania
(711–718)
Depiction of the Battle of Guadalete.
 Reino de los visigodos-en.svg Visigothic Kingdom Umayyad Flag.svg Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad victory
Battle of Covadonga
(722)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Umayyad Flag.svg Umayyad Caliphate Asturian victory
Battle of Montecubeiro
(774) 		Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Galician rebels Asturian victory
Battle of the Burbia River
(791)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Defeat
Battle of Lutos
(794)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Asturian victory
Battle of Las Babias
(795)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Defeat
Viking raid on Galicia
(844) 		Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Raven Banner.svg Norwegian Vikings Asturian victory
Battle of Guadalacete
(852)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Pamplona
Toledo rebels 		Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Defeat
Battle of the Morcuera
(865)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Defeat
Battle of Polvoraria
(878)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Asturian victory
First Battle of Cellorigo
(882)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Asturian victory
Second Battle of Cellorigo
(883)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Asturian victory
Day of Zamora
(901)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Asturian victory
Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz
(917)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Leonese victory
Battle of Alhandic
(939)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Defeat
Battle of Simancas
(939)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Leonese victory
Battle of Rueda
(981)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León
Banner of arms kingdom of Castile.svg County of Castile
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Navarre 		Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Defeat
Battle of Cervera
(1000)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León
Banner of arms kingdom of Castile.svg County of Castile
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Pamplona 		Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Defeat
Battle of Calatañazor
(1002)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León
Banner of arms kingdom of Castile.svg County of Castile
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Pamplona 		Allah.svg Emirate of Córdoba Christian victory
Battle of Graus
(1063)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Royal Arms of Castille (1214-15th Century).svg Kingdom of Castile
Allah.svg Taifa of Zaragoza 		Cross of Íñigo Arista Arms.svg Kingdom of Aragon Castilian–Zaragozan victory
Crusade of Barbastro
(1064)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Cross of Íñigo Arista Arms.svg Kingdom of Aragon
Urgel.svg County of Urgell
Arms of Aquitaine and Guyenne.svg Duchy of Aquitaine
CoA Pontifical States 02.svg Papal states 		Allah.svg Emirate of Lārida Christian victory
Battle of Paterna
(1065)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León Allah.svg Taifa of Valencia Leonese victory
War of the Three Sanchos
(1065–67) 		Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Navarre
Royal Banner of Aragón.svg Kingdom of Aragon 		Castilian victory
  • Castile annexes La Bureba, Montes de Oca and Pancorbo
Battle of Llantada
(1068)
  • Part of the
Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León Castilian victory
Battle of Golpejera
(1072)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León Castilian victory
Battle of Piedra Pisada
(1084)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Royal arms of Aragon.svg Christian Aragon Allah.svg Muslim Zaragoza Defeat
[1]
(1084–85)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile Allah.svg Taifa of Toledo Castilian victory
Battle of Sagrajas
(1086)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile
Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León
Royal arms of Aragon.svg Kingdom of Aragon 		Almoravids Defeat
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile Almoravides.JPG Almoravids Castilian victory
 [ca][1]
(1092–1094)
  • Part of the Reconquista
El Cid ordering the execution of Almoravid allies after his conquest of Valencia in 1094
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile Allah.svg Taifa of Valencia
Almoravides.JPG Almoravids 		Castilian victory
Battle of Bairén
(1097)
  • Part of the Reconquista
A depiction of El Cid, who commanded the Aragonese forces in the battle.
 Kingdom of Aragon
Valencia under Cid's rule
Kingdom of Castile 		Almoravid dynasty Aragonese/Castilian/Valencian victory
Battle of Consuegra
(1097)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile
Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León 		Almoravid dynasty Defeat
Battle of Uclés
(1108)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile
Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León 		Almoravid dynasty Defeat
1113–15 Balearic Islands expedition
  • Part of the Crusades
 Pisa-Stemma.svg Republic of Pisa
Royal arms of Aragon.svg Catalan counties
Blason Provence ancien.svg County of Provence
Torre Merlata del Giudicato di Torres.svg Giudicato of Torres
CoA Pontifical States 02.svg Papal states 		Allah.svg Taifa of Majorca
Almoravides.JPG Almoravids 		Christian victory
Battle of Cutanda
(1120)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Cross of Íñigo Arista Arms.svg Kingdom of Aragon
Arms of Aquitaine and Guyenne.svg Duchy of Aquitaine 		Almoravid dynasty Christian victory
Battle of São Mamede
(1128)
  • Kingdom of Leon civil war
 Royal Banner of León.svg Kingdom of Leon PortugueseFlag1095.svg County of Portugal Defeat
Secession of the County of Portugal which becomes a kingdom
Siege of Oreja
(1139)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile
Escudoreinogaliza.svg Kingdom of Galicia
Leon banner.svg Kingdom of León
Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Toledo.svg Kingdom of Toledo (Christians) 		Almoravides.JPG Almoravids (Muslims) Christian victory
Second Crusade
(1147–50) 		Arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.svg Kingdom of Jerusalem
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
Shield and Coat of Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (c.1200-c.1300).svg Holy Roman Empire
PortugueseFlag1143.svg Kingdom of Portugal
Royal Arms of Castille (1214-15th Century).svg Kingdom of Castile
Historic Arms of Barcelona.svg County of Barcelona
Coat of Arms and Shield of León (1230-1284).svg Kingdom of León
Flag of PalaeologusEmperor.svg Byzantine Empire
Royal Arms of England (1154-1189).svg Kingdom of England 		Seljuq Sultanate
Emirate of Zengids
Abbasid Caliphate
Fatimid Caliphate
Almoravids 		Status quo ante bellum
  • Decisive Seljuk Turks victory in Anatolia
  • Decisive Crusader victories in Iberia
Battle of Alarcos
(1195)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Kingdom of Castile Arms.svg Kingdom of Castile
Cross Santiago.svg Order of Santiago
Ordem Avis.svg Order of Évora 		Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg Almohad Caliphate Defeat
Siege of Al-Dāmūs
(1210)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Royal arms of Aragon.svg Crown of Aragon
Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg Knights Hospitaller
Cross of the Knights Templar.svg Knights Templar 		Flag of Morocco 1147 1269.svg Almohad Caliphate Christian victory
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
(1212)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Royal Banner of Aragón.svg Crown of Aragon
PortugueseFlag1185.svg Kingdom of Portugal
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Navarre
Cross of Saint James.svg Order of Santiago
Badge of the Order of Calatrava.svg Order of Calatrava
Cross of the Knights Templar.svg Knights Templar
Kingdom of France French volunteers
Banner of arms kingdom of Leon.svg Leonese volunteers 		Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg Almohad Caliphate Christian victory
  • 100,000 Muslims killed[2]
  • 25–30 Christians killed[2]
Battle of Muret
(1213)
  • Part of the Albigensian Crusade
 Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Crown of Aragon
Blason Languedoc.svg County of Toulouse
Armoiries Comminges.png County of Comminges
Blason du comté de Foix.svg County of Foix
ArmoiriesTrencavel.svg Viscounty of Carcassonne 		Cross-Pattee-alternate red.svg Crusaders
Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg Kingdom of France 		French-Crusader victory
Conquest of Majorca
(1228–31)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Aragonese Flag Crown of Aragon
Flag of Marseille.svg Marseille
Fr narbona.png Narbonne
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa
Cross Templar.svg Knights Templar
Malteserkreuz.svg Order of Malta 		Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg Almohad Caliphate territory of Majorca Aragonese victory
Siege of Burriana
(1233)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Royal arms of Aragon.svg Crown of Aragon
Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg Knights Hospitaller
Cross of the Knights Templar.svg Knights Templar
Bandera de Albarracín.svg Senyoria d'Albarrasí 		Allah.svg Taifa of Valencia Aragonese victory
Siege of Córdoba (1236)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile Moors Castilian victory
Battle of the Puig
(1237)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Royal arms of Aragon.svg Crown of Aragon Allah.svg Taifa of Valencia Aragonese victory
  • Conquest of Valencia
Siege of Jaén (1245–46)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Cross Santiago.svg Order of Santiago 		Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg Taifa of Jayyān (جيان)
Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada 		Castilian victory
Siege of Seville
(1247–48)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Cross Santiago.svg Order of Santiago
Cross of the Knights Templar.svg Knights Templar
Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg Knights Hospitaller
Badge of the Order of Calatrava.svg Order of Calatrava 		Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg Almohad Caliphate
Allah.svg Taifa of Niebla 		Castilian victory
Siege of Albarracín (1284)
  • Part of the
Royal arms of Aragon.svg Kingdom of Aragón House of Lara COA.svg House of Lara
Bandera de Albarracín.svg Señorío de Albarracín 		Aragonese victory
Battle of Écija (1275)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Sultanate of Morocco
Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada 		Defeat
Battle of Algeciras (1278)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Emblema OrdendSantaMariadEspaña.svg Order of Santa María de España 		Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Sultanate of Morocco
Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada 		Defeat
Siege of Algeciras (1278–79)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Emblema OrdendSantaMariadEspaña.svg Order of Santa María de España 		Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Sultanate of Morocco
Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada 		Defeat
Battle of Moclín (1280)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Emblema OrdendSantaMariadEspaña.svg Order of Santa María de España 		Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada Defeat
War of the Sicilian Vespers
(1282–1302) 		Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Crown of Aragon
Arms of the Aragonese Kings of Sicily.svg Kingdom of Trinacria
 Byzantine Empire 		Arms of Charles II dAnjou.svg Kingdom of Naples
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
C o a Martino IV.svg Papal States 		Aragonese victory
Battle of Malta
(1283)
  • Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
 Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Crown of Aragon Arms of Charles II dAnjou.svg Kingdom of Naples Aragonese victory
Battle of the Gulf of Naples
(1284)
  • Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
 Kingdom of Aragon flag Crown of Aragon Arms of Charles II dAnjou.svg Kingdom of Naples Aragonese victory
Aragonese Crusade
(1284–85) 		Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Crown of Aragon C o a Martino IV.svg Papal States
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
Royal Coat of Arms of Navarre (1234 1259-1284).svg Kingdom of Navarre
Arms of Jean dAnjou.svg Kingdom of Naples
Arms of the Monarchs of Majorca and the Balearic Islands (14th-20th Centuries).svg Kingdom of Majorca
House of Lara COA.svg Lordship of Albarracín
Armoiries Gênes.svg Republic of Genoa 		Aragonese victory
Battle of Les Formigues
(1285)
  • Part of the Aragonese Crusade
 Arms of the Aragonese Kings of Sicily.svg Kingdom of Sicily
Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Crown of Aragon 		Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France
CoA civ ITA genova.png Republic of Genoa 		Aragonese victory
Battle of the Col de Panissars
(1285)
  • Part of the Aragonese Crusade
 Kingdom of Aragon flag Crown of Aragon Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France Aragonese victory
Battle of the Counts
(1287)
  • Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
 Kingdom of Aragon flag Crown of Aragon Arms of Charles II dAnjou.svg Kingdom of Naples
Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg Papal States 		Aragonese victory
Battle of Iznalloz
(1295)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Badge of the Order of Calatrava.svg Order of Calatrava 		COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Emirate of Granada Defeat
Battle of Cape Orlando
(1299)
  • Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
 Kingdom of Aragon flag Crown of Aragon Arms of the Aragonese Kings of Sicily.svg Kingdom of Sicily Aragonese victory
Battle of Ponza (1300)
  • Part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
 Kingdom of Aragon flag Crown of Aragon Arms of Charles II dAnjou.svg Kingdom of Naples
Supported by:
CoA civ ITA milano.png Republic of Genoa 		Aragonese victory
Siege of Algeciras (1309–10)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Cross Santiago.svg Order of Santiago
Badge of the Order of Calatrava.svg Order of Calatrava 		Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada Defeat
Second Siege of Gibraltar
(1315)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Emirate of Granada Castilian victory
Battle of Picotin
(1316) 		Royal Coat and Shield of Majorca c.1276-14th Century.svg Kingdom of Majorca Armoiries Achaïe.svg Principality of Achaea Catalan victory
Battle of Manolada
(1316) 		Royal Coat and Shield of Majorca c.1276-14th Century.svg Kingdom of Majorca Armoiries Louis de Bourgogne.svg Burgundians Defeat
Aragonese conquest of Sardinia
(1323–26) 		Estandarte de la Corona de Aragon.svg Crown of Aragon
Flag of the Giudicato of Arborea.svg Giudicato of Arborea 		Flag of the Republic of Pisa.svg Republic of Pisa
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa
  • Coat of arms of the House of Doria.svg House of Doria
 Aragonese victory
  • Conquest of Pisan Sardinia by the Crown of Aragon, annexation of Sassari and creation of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Siege of Villa di Chiesa
(1323–24)
  • Part of the Aragonese conquest of Sardinia
 Aragonese Flag Crown of Aragon
Albero Eradicato del Giudicato di Arborea.svg Giudicato of Arborea 		Shield of the Republic of Pisa.svg Republic of Pisa Aragonese victory
Battle of Lucocisterna
(1324)
  • Part of the Aragonese conquest of Sardinia
 Aragonese Flag Crown of Aragon Shield of the Republic of Pisa.svg Republic of Pisa Aragonese victory
Battle of Teba
(1330)
  • Part of the Reconquista
15th century depiction of Battle of Teba
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Emirate of Granada Castilian victory

(1330–36) 		Armoiries Aragon Sicile.svg Crown of Aragon CoA civ ITA milano.png Republic of Genoa Status quo ante bellum

(1336–37) 		Coat of Arms of Henry III of Castile (1390-1406).svg Crown of Castile PortugueseFlag1248.svg Kingdom of Portugal Castilian victory
English Channel naval campaign
(1338–39) 		Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
CoA civ ITA genova.png Genoese mercenaries
Coat of Arms of Henry III of Castile (1390-1406).svg Castilian mercenaries 		Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg Kingdom of England
Arms of Flanders.svg County of Flanders 		Indecisive
Battle of Río Salado
(1340)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte de la Corona de Castilla.png Crown of Castile
PortugueseFlag1248.svg Kingdom of Portugal 		Marinid emblem of Morocco.svg Marinid Empire
Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg Emirate of Granada 		Portuguese-Castilian victory
Battle of Estepona
(1342)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Siñal d'Aragón.svg Crown of Aragon Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Marinid dynasty Aragonese victory
Siege of Algeciras (1342–44)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Estandarte de la Corona de Castilla.png Kingdom of Castile
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa
Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Kingdom of Aragon
PortugueseFlag1248.svg Kingdom of Portugal
Navarre Arms.svg Kingdom of Navarre
Cross-Pattee-red.svg European crusaders 		Marinid emblem.png Sultanate of Morocco
Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada 		Castilian victory
Battle of Llucmajor
(1349) 		Aragonese Flag Crown of Aragon Royal Coat and Shield of Majorca c.1276-14th Century.svg Kingdom of Majorca Aragonese victory
  • Annexation of the Kingdom of Majorca
Battle of Winchelsea
(1350)
A depiction of medieval naval combat from Jean Froissart's Chronicles, 14th century
 Coat of Arms of Henry III of Castile (1390-1406).svg Kingdom of Castile Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg Kingdom of England Defeat

(1354) 		Aragonese Flag Republic of Venice
Aragonese Flag Crown of Aragon 		CoA civ ITA milano.png Republic of Genoa Aragonese victory
  • Occupation of Alghero
War of the Two Peters
(1356–75) 		Escudo de la Corona de Castilla.svg Crown of Castile
With the support of:
Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg Kingdom of England
CoA civ ITA genova.png Republic of Genoa
PortugueseFlag1248.svg Kingdom of Portugal
Blason Royaume Navarre.svg Kingdom of Navarre
COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Kingdom of Granada 		Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Crown of Aragon
With the support of:
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg Henry of Trastámara
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France 		Indecisive
  • Overthrowing of Peter I of Castile
Battle of Linuesa
(1361)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Bandera de la provincia de Jaén.svg Kingdom of Jaén
Badge of the Order of Calatrava.svg Order of Calatrava 		Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada Castilian victory
Battle of Guadix
(1362)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Bandera de la provincia de Jaén.svg Kingdom of Jaén
Badge of the Order of Calatrava.svg Order of Calatrava 		Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada Defeat
Castilian Civil War
(1366–69)
Battle of Nájera, from a fifteenth-century manuscript, the English and Pedro are on the left.
 Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Forces of Pedro of Castile
Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg Kingdom of England
Blason Royaume Navarre.svg Kingdom of Navarre
COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Kingdom of Granada 		Arms of Henry II of Castile before his accession.svg Forces of Henry of Trastámara
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
Royal arms of Aragon.svg Crown of Aragon 		Victory for Henry of Trastámara
Siege of León
(1368)
  • Part of the Castilian Civil War
 Coat of Arms of Henry III of Castile (1390-1406).svg Crown of Castile – Henry's side Coat of Arms of Henry III of Castile (1390-1406).svg Crown of Castile – Pedro's side Victory for Henry of Trastámara
Battle of Montiel
(1369)
  • Part of the Castilian Civil War
Miniature of the Battle of Montiel from the "Chronicles" of Jean Froissart (15th century)
 Coat of Arms of Henry III of Castile (1390-1406).svg Castilians
COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Granada 		Coat of Arms of Henry III of Castile (1390-1406).svg Castilians
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France 		Franco-Castilian victory
Siege of Algeciras (1369)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada Defeat
Battle of La Rochelle
(1372)
The naval battle of La Rochelle, Chronicle of Jean Froissart, 15th Century.
 Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg Kingdom of England Castilian victory
Third Fernandine War
(1381–82)
  • Part of the Fernandine Wars
An Anglo-Portuguese army (right) defeats the French vanguard of the Castilian army.
From the Chronique d'Angleterre of Jean de Wavrin.
 Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile PortugueseFlag1385.svg Kingdom of Portugal
Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg Kingdom of England 		Castilian victory
1383–85 Crisis
(1383–85) 		Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile

Supported by:
Arms of France (France Moderne).svg Kingdom of France
Royal arms of Aragon.svg Crown of Aragon

PortugueseFlag1385.svg Kingdom of Portugal

Supported by:
Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg Kingdom of England

Defeat
  • Consolidation of Portuguese independence
Battle of Collejares
(1406)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Crown of Castile Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Emirate of Granada Castilian victory
Battle of Sanluri
(1409) 		Estandarte de la Corona de Aragon.png Crown of Aragon
Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg Kingdom of Sicily 		Flag of the Giudicato of Arborea.svg Giudicato of Arborea
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa 		Aragonese victory
Conquest of the Canary Islands
(1402–96)
 Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile Guanches Castilian victory
Battle of La Rochelle (1419) Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg Kingdom of England
Hanseatic League 		Castilian victory
Castilian–Aragonese War
(1429–30) 		Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile Royal Banner of Aragón.svg Crown of Aragon Castilian victory
Battle of La Higueruela
(1431)
  • Part of the Reconquista
The Battle of Higueruela as depicted in the Gallery of Battles at the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain.
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile Standard of Grenade after Cresques Atlas s XIV.svg Nasrid dynasty Castilian victory
Navarrese Civil War
(1451–55) 		Armoiries Foix-Béarn-Bigorre.svg Forces of Charles IV of Navarre
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile 		Armas Navarra-Evreux-Aragón-Trastamara.svg Forces of John II of Aragon
Royal Banner of Aragón.svg Crown of Aragon
Armoiries Foix-Béarn-Bigorre.svg County of Foix 		Victory for John II of Aragon
Battle of Los Alporchones
(1452)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Banner of the Castilian Realm of Murcia.svg Kingdom of Murcia 		COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Emirate of Granada Castilian victory
Enrique IV war of Granada
(1455–58) 		Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg Emirate of Granada Inconclusive
Catalan Civil War
(1462–72) 		Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg Principality of Catalonia
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Crown of Castile
PortugueseFlag1385.svg Kingdom of Portugal 		Armas Navarra-Evreux-Aragón-Trastamara.svg Forces of John II of Aragon
Arms of France (France Moderne).svg Kingdom of France 		Victory for John II of Aragon
War of the Castilian Succession
(1475–79) 		Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg Isabella Supporters
Arms Aragon-Sicily (Template).svg Crown of Aragon 		Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg Juana Supporters
COA king Alphonse V of Portugal.svg Kingdom of Portugal
Arms of France (France Moderne).svg Kingdom of France 		Peace Treaty
  • Isabella is recognised as Queen of Castile
  • Marriage of Isabella of Aragon and Afonso of Portugal
  • Portugal gains hegemony in the Atlantic south of the Canary Islands
  • Portugal recognizes Castile's claim to the Canary Islands
Battle of Guinea
(1478)
  • Part of the War of the Castilian Succession
 Blason Castille Léon.svg Crown of Castile PortugueseFlag1475.png Kingdom of Portugal Defeat
Granada War
(1482–92)
  • Part of the Reconquista
 Coat of Arms of Queen Isabella of Castile (1492-1504).svg Castile-Aragon Union
Spanish Military Orders Badges.svg Military Orders
Cross-Pattee-red.svg European crusaders 		Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg Emirate of Granada Victory
  • Granada annexed by Castile

Catholic Monarchy[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Italian War of 1494–98
(1494–98) 		League of Venice:

 Papal States
 Republic of Venice
 Kingdom of Naples
Kingdoms of Spain
Duchy of Milan
 Holy Roman Empire
 Republic of Florence
Duchy of Mantua
 Kingdom of England (from 1496)

 Kingdom of France
  • Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries
 Victory
  • Forced French retreat
[6]
(1494–1509)
  Crown of Castile Taínos Victory
Conquest of Melilla
(1497) 		Castile and Aragon Marinid emblem of Morocco.svg Wattasid dynasty Victory
Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501) Coat of Arms of Queen Isabella of Castile (1492-1504).svg Castile-Aragon Union Banner of the Kingdom of Granada.svg Muslims of Granada Victory
  • Rebellion defeated
  • Mass forced conversions of all Muslims in Granada
Second Ottoman–Venetian War
(1499–1503) 		 Republic of Venice
Castile and Aragon 		 Ottoman Empire Defeat
  • Venetian strongholds of Modon and Coron fall to the Ottomans
  • Cephalonia and Ithaca to Venice
Second Italian War
(1499–1501)
  •  Kingdom of France
  •  Papal States
  •  Republic of Venice
  • Castile and Aragon
  • Duchy of Milan
  •  Kingdom of Naples
 Victory,
  • French victory over Duchy of Milan
    • French control of the Duchy of Milan
Third Italian War
(1502–1504) 		Castile and Aragon  Kingdom of France Victory
  • Louis XII of France ceded Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon
    • Division of Northern and Southern Italy between France and Spain
Spanish crusade[7]
(1505–10) 		 Crown of Castile
Royal Banner of Aragón.svg Crown of Aragon 		Dz tlem2.png Kingdom of Tlemcen
Hafsid dynasty 		Victory
War of the League of Cambrai
(1508–16)
  • Battle of Ravenna
  • Battle of La Motta
  • Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre
 1508–10:
 Venice
1510–11:
 Papal States
 Venice
1511–13:
Holy League:
 Papal States
 Venice
Arms of Ferdinand II of Aragon (1513-1516).svg Spain
 Holy Roman Empire
 England
Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries
1513–16:
 Papal States
Arms of Ferdinand II of Aragon (1513-1516).svg Spain
 Holy Roman Empire
 England
Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg Duchy of Milan
Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries 		1508–10:
League of Cambrai:
 Papal States
 France
 Holy Roman Empire
Arms of Ferdinand II of Aragon (1513-1516).svg Spain
Coat of arms of the House of Este (1471).svg Duchy of Ferrara
1510–11:
 France
Coat of arms of the House of Este (1471).svg Duchy of Ferrara
1511–13:
 France
Coat of arms of the House of Este (1471).svg Duchy of Ferrara
1513–16:
 Venice
 France
 Scotland
Coat of arms of the House of Este (1471).svg Duchy of Ferrara 		Defeat
Spanish conquest of Puerto Rico[6]
(1508–1511) 		 Crown of Castile Taínos Victory
[6]
(1511–13)
  Crown of Castile Taínos Victory
Taíno rebellion of 1511
(1511–13) 		 Crown of Castile Taínos of Boriken and allies from The Antilles Victory

Habsburg Spain[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Siege of Tlemcen
(1518) 		 Spain
Dz tlem2.png Kingdom of Tlemcen 		Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Victory
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
(1519–21) 		Spain Spanish conquistadores
Tlaxcala 		 Aztec Empire Victory
  • Aztec empire is annexed to Spanish Empire
Revolt of the Brotherhoods
(1519–23) 		Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V Germanies Royalist victory
Revolt of the Comuneros
(1520–21)
  • Battle of Villalar
 Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V Castilian rebels Royalist victory
Italian War of 1521–26
(1521–26) 		Spain Spain

 Holy Roman Empire
 England
 Papal States

 France
  • Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries

 Republic of Venice

Victory
Spanish conquest of Chiapas
(1523–1695) 		 Spain Zoque people

Independent Maya, including:

Victory
  • Incorporation of Chiapas into the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Spanish conquest of Yucatán
(1523–1547) 		 Spain Mayan tribes Victory
Spanish conquest of El Salvador
(1524–1539) 		 Spain

including Indian auxiliaries

Indigenous peoples of El Salvador, including: Victory
Spanish conquest of Guatemala
(1524–1667) 		 Spain Independent indigenous kingdoms and city-states Victory
War of the League of Cognac
(1526–30) 		Spain Spain

 Holy Roman Empire
 Republic of Genoa

 France
  • Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries

 Papal States
 Republic of Venice
FlorenceCoA.svg Republic of Florence
 Kingdom of England
Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg Duchy of Milan

Victory
Ottoman–Habsburg wars
(1526–1791)
Spanish galleons fighting off Ottoman galleys. Oil on canvas by Juan de la Corte (1597–1660), Naval Museum of Madrid.
 Familienwappen Habsburg-Stroehl.jpg Habsburg Dynasty:

 Holy Roman Empire

  • Austria Archduchy of Austria
  • Bohemia Kingdom of Bohemia
  • Austria Kingdom of Hungary
  • CoA of the Kingdom of Croatia.svg Kingdom of Croatia
  • Genoa Republic of Genoa

 Spanish Empire
Non-Habsburg allies:
Moldavia
Coat of arms of Transylvania.svg Transylvania
 Wallachia
Flag of Oryol (variant).svg Tsardom of Russia
Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg Cossack Hetmanate (Muscovite and Polish vassals)
Holy League Allies:
Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg Duchy of Mantua
 Republic of Venice
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John

 Ottoman Empire

Vassals:

  • Moldavia
  • Coat of arms of Transylvania.svg Transylvania
  •  Wallachia
  • Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg Cossack Hetmanate (Doroshenko's faction)
  • Gerae-tamga.svg Crimean Khanate
 End of Ottoman expansion
  • Decline of both the Ottoman and Habsburg empires
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
(1531–72)
The Famous Thirteen by Juan Lepiani
 Spain Spanish conquistadores
Indian auxiliaries 		 Inca Empire
 Neo-Inca State 		Victory
  • Former Inca lands incorporated into Viceroyalty of Peru
Italian War of 1536–38
(1536–38) 		 Holy Roman Empire
 Spain
  • Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries
  Kingdom of France
 Ottoman Empire 		Defeat
  • Truce of Nice
  • Savoy and Piedmont acquired by France
Arauco War
(16th century–17th or 18th century)
Battle between Spaniards and Mapuches during the Arauco War, by Alonso de Ovalle, 1646.
  • Battle of Quilacura
  • Battle of Andalien
  • Battle of Penco
  • Battle of Tucapel
  • Battle of Marihueñu
  • Battle of Peteroa
  • Battle of Mataquito
  • Battle of Lagunillas
  • Battle of Millarapue
  • Battle of Quiapo
  • Siege of Concepción
  • Battle of Angol
  • Battle of Catirai
  • Battle of Curalaba
  • Destruction of the Seven Cities
 Spain Spanish Empire
  • Captaincy General of Chile
 Mapuche, Huilliche and Pehuenche tribes Defeat
  • Spanish Empire renounces the domination of the territories south of the Biobío River and recognizes the independence of the Mapuche tribes of the place.
  • «La Frontera» appears, as a border area between the Captaincy General of Chile and the territory of the Mapuche tribes.
  • Successive peace parliaments between the Spanish Empire and the Mapuche tribes during the conflict.
Third Ottoman–Venetian War
(1537–40) 		Holy League:
 Republic of Venice
 Spain
 Republic of Genoa
 Papal States
 Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Sicily
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Knights of Malta 		 Ottoman Empire
 France (until 1538) 		Defeat
Spanish conquest of the Muisca
(1537–1540) 		 Spain Guecha warriors Victory
  • Muisca Confederation becomes part of the Spanish Empire
Mixtón War
(1540–42) 		 Spain Caxcanes Victory
Tiguex War
(1540–41) 		 Spain Tiwa Indians Victory
Italian War of 1542–46
(1542–46) 		Spain Spain

 Holy Roman Empire

  •  Saxony
  • Wappen Mark Brandenburg.png Brandenburg

 Kingdom of England

 France
  • Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries

 Ottoman Empire
Armoiries Guillaume de Clèves.png Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Inconclusive
Schmalkaldic War
(1546–47) 		Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V:
  • Spain Spain
  •  Holy Roman Empire

 Duchy of Saxony
Coat of Arms of Hungary.svg Kingdom of Hungary
Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg Kingdom of Bohemia and other Lands of the Bohemian Crown

Schmalkaldic League:

 Electorate of Saxony
Hesse Hesse
Electorate of the Palatinate
Bremen Wappen(Mittel).svg Bremen
Wappen Lübeck.svg Lübeck
Brunswick-Lüneburg Arms.svg Brunswick-Lüneburg
Other German territories

Victory
  • Capitulation of Wittenberg: Schmalkaldic League dissolved, Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Albertine House of Wettin
Chichimeca War
(1550–90) 		 Spain
  • Indian allies
 Chichimeca (Zacateco, Guachichil, Guamare, Pame) Defeat
Italian War of 1551–59
(1551–59)
  • Siege of Mirandola
  • Battle of Marciano
  • Battle of St. Quentin
  • Battle of Gravelines
  • Spain Spanish Empire
  •  Holy Roman Empire
  •  Kingdom of England
  •  Republic of Florence
  •  Duchy of Savoy
  Kingdom of France
  • Old Swiss Confederacy Swiss mercenaries

Republic of Siena
 Ottoman Empire

Victory
  • Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis
  • Spain is confirmed as the dominant power in Italy
  • France renounces its claim in Italy but wins the Three Bishoprics (Metz, Toul and Verdun) in Lorraine and the Pale of Calais from England.
French Wars of Religion
(1562–98)
  • Battle of Arques
  • Battle of Ivry
  • Siege of Paris
  • Siege of Rouen
  • Siege of Caudebec
  • Battle of Craon
  • Battle of Blaye
  • Siege of Morlaix
  • Siege of Fort Crozon
 Catholics:
Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg Catholic League
Spain Spain
 Duchy of Savoy 		Protestants:
Croix huguenote.svg Huguenots
 England 		Inconclusive
  • Uneasy truce
  • The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas
  • Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic
  • Failure of France's enemies to weaken France and to gain territories
Philippine revolts against Spain
(1567–1872) 		 Spain
  • Filipino loyalists
 Flag of Bohol Province, Philippines.svg Dagohoy rebel group
other Filipino rebel groups
 British supporters 		Victory
  • Most revolts failed
Eighty Years' War
(1568–1648)
The Battle of Gembloux by Johann Wilhelm Baur
Spanish attack on the Staten army, 1 August 1578
The Siege of Grave in 1586 by Don Alejandro Farnesio. Engraving by Michelangelo Cerquozzi.
Engraving of the Siege of Venlo of 1586 by Simon Frisius. Collection Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.
Siege of Axel 1586
Siege of Sluis by Parma, 1587
Relief of Knodsenburg, 1591
The battle of Turnhout in 1597
Surrender of Breda
by Johannes Hinderikus Egenberger.
1645: The Siege of Hulst, the last major siege of the war

Western Europe

European Waters

Americas

  • Recapture of Bahia
  • Battle in the Bay of Matanzas
  • Capture of Saint Martin
  • Battle of San Juan
  • Battle of Albrolhos
  • Attack on Saint Martin
  • Action of 12–17 January 1640
  • Dutch expedition to Valdivia

East Indies

  • Battle of Playa Honda
  • First Battle of San Salvador
  • Second Battle of San Salvador
  • Battles of La Naval de Manila
  • Battle of Puerto de Cavite
 Spain Spanish Empire
 Holy Roman Empire 		 United Provinces
 England
Arms of Nassau.svg Nassau
 France 		Defeat
  • Peace of Münster
  • Independence of the Dutch Republic
  • Spanish retention of the Southern Netherlands
Morisco Revolt
(1568–71) 		 Spain Morisco rebels Victory
Spanish conquest of the Philippines
(1565–75)
Collection of Philippine lantaka gunpowder weapons in a European museum
  • Capture of Cebu
  • Battle of Manila (1570)
  • Battle of Bangkusay Channel
  • Battle of Manila (1574)
  • 1582 Cagayan battles
 Spain Spain Rajahnate of Maynila
Macabebe
Rajahnate of Tondo
Rahjanate of Cebu
Wokou
Chinese pirates 		Victory
  • Establishment of the Captaincy General of the Philippines
Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War
(1570–73) 		Holy League:
 Republic of Venice
Spain Spain
 Papal States
 Kingdom of Naples
 Republic of Genoa
Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg Kingdom of Sicily
Tuscany Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Coat of arms of Federico and Guidobaldo da Montefeltro.svg Duchy of Urbino
 Duchy of Savoy
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Knights of Malta 		Ottoman Empire Defeat
  • Cyprus under Ottoman rule
Second Desmond Rebellion
(1579–83)
  • Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle
  • Siege of Smerwick
 St Patrick's saltire.svg FitzGeralds of Desmond
 Spain
 Papal States
allied Irish clans 		 Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland
allied Irish clans 		Defeat
  • Famine throughout Munster
  • Plantation of Munster
War of the Portuguese Succession
(1580–1583) 		Spain Spain
Portugal Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain 		Portugal Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato
 France
 England
 United Provinces 		Victory
  • The Iberian Union: Acquisition of the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonial possessions by Philip II of Spain
1582 Cagayan battles Spain Spain
  • Spain Spanish Philippines
 Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates) Victory
Castilian War (1578) Spanish Empire
Bruneians who defected to Spain 		Bruneian Empire Status quo ante bellum
Cologne War
(1583–88) 		Black cross on a white background Ernst of Bavaria Prince-Elector, Cologne, 1583–1612
House of Wittelsbach
Free Imperial City of Cologne
Philip of Spain, and for him:
House of Farnese
House of Isenburg-Grenzau
House of Mansfeld (main line)
House of Berlaymont-Flyon
and others 		Black cross on white background Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Elector, Cologne 1578–1588
House of Neuenahr-Alpen
House of Waldburg
House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken

House of Nassau
House of Solms-Braunfels and others

Victory
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Spain Spanish Empire
  • Flag Portugal (1578).svg Kingdom of Portugal
  • Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg Kingdom of Naples
  • Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg Duchy of Parma
  • Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1562-1737).svg Grand Duchy of Tuscany
  • Kingdom of Savoy.svg Duchy of Savoy
  • Duchy of Castro CoA.svg Duchy of Castro

Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John

 Kingdom of England
 United Provinces 		Indecisive
  • Status quo ante bellum
  • Treaty of London
Cambodian–Spanish War
(1593–97) 		Spanish Empire Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg Cambodia, Muslim Malay merchants and Muslim Cham merchants Defeat
Spanish–Moro conflict
(1500s–1900) 		Spanish Empire Sultanate of Sulu
Sultanate of Maguindanao
Confederation of sultanates in Lanao 		Failure to conquer the Moros
Irish Nine Years' War
(1594–1603)
  • Siege of Kinsale
  • Battle of Castlehaven
 O'Neill Clan.png Alliance of Irish clans
Spain Spain
Scottish Gaelic mercenaries 		 Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland 		Defeat
  • Treaty of Mellifont (1603)
  • Flight of the Earls (1607)
Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598) Spanish Empire Kingdom of France Kingdom of France
Croix huguenote.svg Huguenots
 Kingdom of England 		Defeat
  • Peace of Vervins
Acoma War
(1598–99) 		 Crown of Castile Acoma Victory
Navajo Wars
(1600–1866) 		 Crown of Castile
(1600–1716)
 Spain
(1716–1821)
 Mexico
(1821–1848)
 United States
(1849–1866) 		Navajo United States victory
  • Navajo moved to reservations and United
Acaxee Rebellion
(1601–1603) 		Spain Spanish Empire Acaxee Indians Victory
Dutch–Portuguese War
(1602–63) 		Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
Supported by:
 Crown of Castile
(until 1640)
 Kingdom of Cochin
Potiguara Tupis 		 Dutch Republic
Supported by:
 Kingdom of England
(until 1640)
Johor Johor Sultanate
Kingdom of Kandy
Kingdom of Kongo
Kingdom of Ndongo
Rio Grande Tupis
Nhandui Tarairiu Tribe 		Victory
  • Treaty of Hague
  • Formation of the Dutch Empire
  • Portuguese Restoration War
  • Portuguese-Spanish victory in South America and Africa
  • Dutch victory in the east
War of the Jülich Succession
(1609–1614)
  • Siege of Aachen
 1610:
Supporting Emperor Rudolf:
 Holy Roman Empire
Straatsburg-Bistum.PNG Principality of Strasbourg
Prince-Bishopric of Liège

1613–1614:
Supporting Wolfgang William:
Spain Spain
DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg Palatinate-Neuburg
Catholic League (Germany).svg Catholic League

1610:
Opposed to Emperor Rudolph:
Margraviate of Brandenburg
DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg Palatinate-Neuburg
 United Provinces
 Kingdom of France
 England
Protestant Union

1613–1614:
Supporting John Sigismund:
Margraviate of Brandenburg
 United Provinces
 England
Protestant Union

Victory
  • Treaty of Xanten
  • Cleves-Mark and Ravensberg to John Sigismund.[8]
  • Jülich-Berg and Ravenstein to Wolfgang William.[8]
  • Wesel under Spanish control.[9]

(1614) 		 Spain Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Saadi dynasty Victory
Tepehuán Revolt
(1616–1620) 		Spain Spanish Empire Tepehuánes Victory
Thirty Years' War
(1618–48)
In 1633, a Spanish army under Gómez Suárez de Figueroa taking the Swiss city of Rheinfelden, in a plan to link the Spanish territories of Milan and the Spanish Netherlands. Painted by Vicente Carducho.
  • Bohemian Revolt
  • Battle of White Mountain
  • Spanish conquest of the Palatinate
  • Siege of Bad Kreuznach
  • Capture of Oppenheim
  • Capture of Bacharach
  • Battle of Wimpfen
  • Battle of Höchst
  • Siege of Heidelberg
  • Capture of Mannheim
  • Siege of Frankenthal
  • Siege of Rheinfelden
  • Battle of Nördlingen
 1618–1625
 Holy Roman Empire
Catholic League
Spain Spanish Empire
 Saxony
1625–1629
 Holy Roman Empire
Catholic League
1630–1635
 Holy Roman Empire
Catholic League
Spain Spanish Empire
1635–1648
 Holy Roman Empire
Spain Spanish Empire 		1618–1625
Bohemia Bohemia
Electorate of the Palatinate
Transylvania
 United Provinces
 England
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
1625–1629
Denmark Denmark–Norway
 United Provinces
 England
1630–1635
Sweden Sweden
 Saxony
Brandenburg-Prussia
1635–1648
 France
Sweden Sweden 		Defeat
Spanish conquest of Petén
(1618–1697) 		 Spain Independent Maya, including: Victory
  • Incorporation of the Petén Basin into the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Valtellina War
(1620–26) 		 Papal States
 Holy Roman Empire
Spain Spain 		 France
Wappen Grauer Bund1.svgWappen Gotteshausbund.svgWappen Zehngerichtebund2.svg The Three Leagues
 Venice
 Savoy 		Defeat
  • France prevents Habsburg total control of Valtellina
First Genoese–Savoyard War
(1625) 		 Spain
 Republic of Genoa 		 Kingdom of France
 Duchy of Savoy 		Victory
  • France surrenders its claims on Savoy and withdraws its troops from the Piedmont and the Republic of Genoa, stipulated by the Treaty of Monzón[10][11]
  • Reconquest of some territories in the French Riviera by the combined forces of Spain and the Republic of Genoa[12]
Anglo-Spanish War (1625–30) Spain Spain  England
 United Provinces 		Victory[13]
  • Spain seeks and signs peace treaty with England in light of imminent war with France
  • Treaty of Madrid, similar to previous Anglo-Spanish treaty although somewhat less strict regarding trade
Spanish expedition to Formosa
(1626) 		Spain Spanish East Indies Kingdom of Middag Victory
  • Spanish establishment in Formosa
War of the Mantuan Succession
(1628–31)
  • Battle of Veillane
 Supporting the Duke of Guastalla:
 Holy Roman Empire
Spain Spain
 Duchy of Savoy 		Supporting the Duke of Nevers:
 France 		Defeat
  • Duke of Nevers recognized as ruler of Mantua
Franco-Spanish War (1635–59) Spain Spanish Empire  France
 Duchy of Savoy
Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830).svg Duchy of Modena (1647–1649 and 1655–1659)
 Duchy of Parma (1635–1637)
 Commonwealth of England (from 1657)
Flag of Catalonia.svg Principality of Catalonia (from 1640) 		Defeat
  • Treaty of the Pyrenees
Piedmontese Civil War
(1639–42)
  • Siege of Turin
  Spain
Armoiries Savoie-Carignan 1656.svg Prince Thomas faction 		 France
Duchy of Savoy Regency faction 		Stalemate
Catalan Revolt
(1640–59)
  • Battle of Cambrils
  • Battle of Montjuïc
  • Naval Battle of Tarragona
  • Battle of Tarragona
  • Battle of Montmeló
  • Siege of Perpignan
  • Battle of Barcelona
  • Battle of Lerida
  • Siege of Lleida
  • Siege of Barcelona
  Spain  Principality of Catalonia
 France 		Victory
Portuguese Restoration War
(1640–68) 		Spain Castile and Aragon Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
Supported by:
 France
(1641–59)[14]
 Kingdom of England
(after 1662) 		Defeat
  • Treaty of Lisbon
  • Charles of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of the House of Braganza over Portugal and its colonial possessions[15]
  • Portugal cedes Ceuta to Castile
Neapolitan Revolt
(1647–48) 		 Spain Neapolitan Republic
 France 		Victory
  • Revolt crushed
Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)  Spain  Commonwealth of England Defeat
  • Treaties of Madrid (1667 and 1670)
  • Acquisition of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk and Mardyck by the Commonwealth of England
War of Devolution
(1667–68) 		Spain Spanish Empire
Triple Alliance:
 Dutch Republic
 Kingdom of England
Sweden Swedish Empire 		 France Defeat
  • Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668)
Franco-Dutch War
(1672–78)
  • Siege of Maastricht
  • Siege of Bonn
  • Siege of Besançon
  • Battle of Seneffe
  • Battle of Stromboli
  • Battle of Augusta
  • Battle of Palermo
  • Siege of Cambrai
  • Siege of Ypres
  • Battle of Saint-Denis
  Dutch Republic
 Holy Roman Empire
 Spain
Denmark Denmark–Norway
Wappen Mark Brandenburg.png Electorate of Brandenburg 		 France
 England
 Sweden
Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster.svg Bishopric of Münster
Black St George's Cross.svg Archbishopric of Cologne 		Defeat
  • Treaty of Nijmegen
  • Treaty of Westminster
Second Genoese–Savoyard War
(1672–73) 		 Republic of Genoa
Supported by:
 Spain 		 Duchy of Savoy Victory
  • Status quo ante bellum
Pueblo Revolt
(1680) 		Spain Spanish Empire Puebloans Defeat
  • Expulsion of Spanish settlers
War of the Reunions
(1683–1684) 		Spain Spanish Empire
 Holy Roman Empire
 Republic of Genoa 		 France Defeat
  • Truce of Ratisbon
  • Spain cedes Luxembourg to France
  • Holy Roman Empire cedes Strasbourg to France
Nine Years' War
(1688–97)
  • Battle of Walcourt
  • Battle of Fleurus
  • Battle of Staffarda
  • Siege of Mons
  • Siege of Cuneo
  • Siege of Namur
  • Battle of Marsaglia
 Grand Alliance:
 Dutch Republic
 England
 Holy Roman Empire
 Spain
 Piedmont-Savoy
 Sweden (until 1691)
 Scotland 		 France
Jacobite Standard.jpg Irish and Scottish Jacobites 		Indecisive
  • Treaty of Ryswick
  • Louis XIV recognizes William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland
  • France retains Alsace (including Strasbourg) and surrenders Freiburg, Breisach and Philippsburg to the Holy Roman Empire, regains Pondicherry (after paying the Dutch a sum of 16,000 pagodas) and Nova Scotia
  • Spain recovered Catalonia from France, and the barrier fortresses of Mons, Luxembourg and Kortrijk
  • The Duchy of Lorraine was restored to Leopold Joseph from France
Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)  Spain
Estandarte Real de Felipe V.svg Bourbons (1704–1713) 		 Morocco
Supported by:
 England (from 1707) 		Victory

Bourbon Spain[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Casualties
War of the Spanish Succession
(1701–14)
  •  Kingdom of France
  • Spain Spain loyal to Philip
  • Bavaria Bavaria (until 1704)
  • Mantua Duchy of Mantua (until 1708)
  Holy Roman Empire:
  •  England (until 1707)
  •  Scotland (until 1707)
  •  Great Britain (from 1707)[16]
  •  Dutch Republic
  •  Duchy of Savoy
  • Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
  • Spain Spain loyal to Charles
 Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip
Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles
  • Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
  • Treaty of Rastatt (1714)
  • Treaty of Baden (1714)
  • Philip is recognised as King of Spain, but once more renounces any claim to the throne of France.
  • Spain and Britain sign the Asiento
  • Spain cedes the Spanish Netherlands, Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Sardinia to the Habsburg Monarchy, Sicily to the Duchy of Savoy and Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain
  • France recognizes British sovereignty over Rupert's Land and Newfoundland and cedes Acadia and its half of Saint Kitts to Great Britain.
  • The Dutch Republic retains various forts in the Southern Netherlands and annexes a part of Spanish Guelders.
  • Spain cedes the Colony of Sacramento to the Portuguese Empire
  • The decline of Spanish global power
Queen Anne's War
(1702–1713) 		 France
  •  New France

Spain Spain

  • Spain New Spain

 Wabanaki Confederacy
 Caughnawaga Mohawk
 Choctaw
 Timucua
 Apalachee
 Natchez

 England (before 1707)[17]
  • Kingdom of England English America

 Great Britain (after 1707)[17]

  • British America

 Muscogee (Creek)
 Chickasaw
 Yamasee

  • Iroquois Confederacy
 Defeat
  • France cedes control of Acadia,
    Newfoundland, Hudson Bay
    and Saint Kitts to Britain.
Huilliche rebellion
(1712) 		Spain Spanish Empire Huilliches of Chiloé Victory
  • Key encomenderos killed
  • Suppression of the rebellion
  • Encomienda mildened
Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War
(1714–18) 		 Republic of Venice
Habsburg Monarchy Austria (from 1716)
 Portugal
 Order of Malta
 Papal States
 Spain[18]
Flag of Himara.JPG Himariotes 		 Ottoman Empire Defeat
  • Treaty of Passarowitz
  • Morea ceded back to Ottoman Empire
War of the Quadruple Alliance
(1718–20)
  • Spanish conquest of Sardinia
  • Battle of Cape Passaro
  • Battle of Milazzo
  • Capture of Eilean Donan Castle
  • Battle of Glen Shiel
  • Battle of Francavilla
  • Capture of Pensacola
  • Capture of Vigo
  • Battle of Cape St. Vincent
  • Battle of Nassau
  • Villasur expedition
  Spain  Great Britain
 France
 Holy Roman Empire
 Dutch Republic
 Savoy 		Defeat
  • Treaty of The Hague
 4,350 killed or wounded[19]
Anglo-Spanish War (1727–29)  Spain  Great Britain Indecisive
  • Treaty of Seville (1729)
 20,000 killed (both sides)[20]
Spanish-Algerian War
(1732) 		Spain Spain Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg Deylik of Algiers Victory Minimum
War of the Polish Succession
(1733–38)
  • Battle of Bitonto
  • Siege of Gaeta
  • Siege of Capua
 Poland loyal to Stanisław I

 France
 Spain
 Kingdom of Sardinia
 Duchy of Parma

Poland loyal to Augustus III

 Russian Empire
 Habsburg Empire of Austria
 Saxony
 Kingdom of Prussia

Victory
  • Treaty of Vienna
  • Augustus III ascends the throne
  • Bourbon territorial gains
 3,000 killed or wounded[21]
Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–37) Spain Spanish Empire Portugal Portuguese Empire
Flag Princes of Brazil.svg Brazilian colonial forces 		Defeat
War of Jenkins' Ear
(1739–48)
  • Spanish Alarm
  • Battle of Porto Bello (1739)
  • Siege of Fort Mose
  • Siege of St. Augustine (1740)
  • George Anson's voyage around the world
  • Attacks on Fuerteventura in 1740
  • Action of 8 April 1740
  • Battle of Cartagena de Indias
  • Invasion of Cuba
  • Action of 14 June 1742
  • Invasion of Georgia
  • Battle of Bloody Marsh
  • Battle of Gully Hole Creek
  • Battle of La Guaira
  • Battle of Puerto Cabello
  • Battle of Toulon
  • Voyage of the Glorioso
  • Action of 18 March 1748
  • Battle of Santiago de Cuba
  • Battle of Havana
 Spain Spanish Empire  Great Britain Inconclusive/Other Outcome
  • Status quo ante bellum
  • British offensive in the Caribbean theatre defeated
  • British invasion of Florida repulsed
  • Spanish invasion of Georgia repulsed
  • Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) leading to Treaty of Madrid (1750)
  • The British suffer 20,000 casualties and lose 407 ships (1739–1741)[22]
War of the Austrian Succession
(1740–48) 		 France
 Prussia
Spain Spain
Bavaria Bavaria (1741–45)
 Saxony (1741–42)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily and Naples
 Republic of Genoa (1745–48)
Sweden Sweden (1741–43)
 Kingdom of Sardinia (1741–42) 		 Habsburg Monarchy
 Great Britain
Province of Hanover Hanover
 Dutch Republic
 Saxony (1743–45)
 Kingdom of Sardinia (1742–48)
 Russia (1741–43, 1748) 		Victory
  • Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
  • Maria Theresa retains the Austrian throne
  • Prussian control of Silesia confirmed
  • Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla restored to the Spanish Bourbons
 3,000 killed or wounded[23]
Pima Revolt
(1751) 		Spain Spanish Empire Pima Indians Victory
Action of 28 November 1751
(1751) 		 Spain Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg Deylik of Algiers Victory
Seven Years' War
(1756–63)
  •  France
  •  Holy Roman Empire
  • Austria Austria
  •  Russia (until 1762)
  • Spain Spanish Empire (from 1762)
  •  Sweden (1757–62)
  •  Saxony
  • Mughal Empire (from 1757)
Defeat
  • Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)
  • Treaty of Hamburg (1762)
  • Treaty of Paris (1763)
  • Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)
  • Status quo ante bellum in Europe
  • Transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, and Spain
 3,000 killed or wounded[24]
Anglo-Spanish War (1762–63) Spain Spain
 France 		 Great Britain
Portugal
Filipino rebels 		Defeat
  • Spain cedes Florida to Britain in exchange for return of Havana.
  • Spain received Louisiana from France.
Siege of Melilla (1774)  Spain Flag of Morocco 1666 1915.svg Morocco
Supported by:
 Great Britain 		Victory 600
Spanish-Algerian war (1775-1785)  Spain
Tuscany Tuscany

Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Hospitaller Malta

Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Two Sicilies

Portugal

Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg Deylik of Algiers Defeat High
Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–77) Spain Spanish Empire Portugal Portuguese Empire Victory
  • First Treaty of San Ildefonso
  • Portugal remains neutral during the American Revolutionary War
Anglo-Spanish War (1779–83)
  • Part of the American Revolutionary War

Europe & Atlantic

Louisiana and the Gulf Coast

Central America

West Indies

Spain Spain  Great Britain Victory
  • Peace of Paris
 5,000 killed or died of disease
Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II Spain Spain Banner of Tupaq Qatari.svg Aymara and Quechua rebels
Spain Spanish rebels, mostly peasants, including creoles, mestizos and blacks 		Victory 100,000 Indians and 10,000–40,000 non-Indians[25][26]
Haitian Revolution
(1791–1804) 		1791–1793
Ex-slaves
French royalists
Spain Spanish Empire (from 1793)
  • Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Captaincy General of Santo Domingo

1793–1798
French royalists
 Great Britain
Spain Spanish Empire (until 1795)

  • Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Captaincy General of Santo Domingo

1798–1801
France Louverture Loyalists
1802–1804
Ex-slaves
United Kingdom

1791–1793
Slave owners
France Kingdom of France (until 1792)
France French Republic
1793–1798
France French Republic
  • Ex-slaves

1798–1801
France Rigaud Loyalists
Spain Spanish Empire
1802–1804
France French Republic

  • Polish Legions
 French defeat
War of the First Coalition
(1792–97)
  • Kingdom of France (until 1792)
  •  French First Republic (from 1792)
  • Spain Spain (from 1796)
  •  Batavian Republic (from 1795)
  • Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Sister republic
    POL COA Ciołek.svg Polish Legions (from 1797)
 First Coalition:

 Holy Roman Empire

  • Habsburg Monarchy
  •  Prussia (until 1795)

 Great Britain
Kingdom of France Army of Condé
Spain Spain (until 1795)
 Dutch Republic (until 1795)
 Portugal
 Sardinia (until 1796)
 Naples
Other Italian states

Victory
  • Peace of Basel, Treaty of Campo Formio
  • Establishment and survival of the French First Republic
  • French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands, the Left Bank of the Rhine and other smaller territories
  • Several French "sister republics" established
  • Hostilities resume in 1798 with the formation of a Second Coalition against France
War of the Pyrenees
(1793–95)
  • Battle of Mas Deu
  • Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco
  • Siege of Bellegarde
  • Battle of Perpignan
  • Battle of Peyrestortes
  • Battle of Truillas
  • Battle of Collioure
  • Capture of Fort-Dauphin
  • Battle of Sans Culotte Camp
  • Battle of Boulou
  • Siege of Collioure
  • Battle of the Baztan Valley
  • Battle of San Lorenzo de la Muga
  • Battle of Orbaitzeta
  • Battle of the Black Mountain
  • Siege of Roses
  • Action of 14 February 1795
  • Battle of Bascara
  Spain
 Portugal
Kingdom of France French Émigrés 		 France Defeat
Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)

Atlantic

  • Action of 25 January 1797
  • Battle of Cape St Vincent
  • Action of 26 April 1797
  • Assault on Cadiz
  • Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
  • Action of 16 October 1799
  • Action of 6–7 April 1800
  • Ferrol Expedition
  • Action of 5 October 1804
  • Action of 25 November 1804
  • Action of 7 December 1804
  • Battle of Cape Finisterre
  • Battle of Trafalgar
  • Action of 4 April 1808

Mediterranean

  • Action of 13 October 1796
  • Action of 19 December 1796
  • Capture of Minorca
  • Action of 15 July 1798
  • Action of 19 January 1799
  • Action of 6 February 1799
  • Action of 7 July 1799
  • Action of 10 December 1800
  • Action of 6 May 1801
  • Algeciras Campaign

Americas

 Spain  Great Britain Inconclusive
  • Treaty of Amiens (1802)
  • Belligerence resumed in May 1804
  • Cessation of hostilities and de facto Anglo-Spanish alliance upon outbreak of the Peninsular War (1808)
  • Trinidad ceded to Britain (1802)
  • Menorca returned to Spain (1802)
 7,000 killed or wounded (1796–1802)[21]
War of the Second Coalition
(1798–1802) 		 France
 Spain
POL COA Ciołek.svg Polish Legions
Denmark Denmark–Norway
French client republics:
  •  Batavian Republic
  •  Helvetic Republic
  • Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Cisalpine Republic
  • Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Roman Republic (until 1799)
  • Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Parthenopaean Republic (1799)
 Second Coalition:

 Holy Roman Empire

  • Habsburg Monarchy Austria

 Great Britain (until 1801)
 United Kingdom (from 1801)
 Russia (until 1799)
 Portugal
 Naples
Tuscany Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John (1798)
Malta (1798–1800)
 Ottoman Empire
Kingdom of France French Royalists

 United States
(Quasi-War) (until 1800)

Victory
  • Treaty of Lunéville, Treaty of Amiens
  • Survival of the French Republic
  • Previous annexations by France confirmed
  • Hostilities resume in 1803 between France and Great Britain; Third Coalition later formed against France
War of the Oranges
(1801) 		 France
 Spain 		 Portugal Victory
  • Treaty of Badajoz
  • Question of Olivença
  • Portuguese territory returned, except Olivenza, and border territories, which remained in Spanish possession
  • France territorial guarantees in Trinidad, Port Mahon (Menorca) and Malta, as well as lands north of Brazil
War of the Third Coalition
(1803–06) 		France French Empire
  • Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Etruria
  •  Batavian Republic
  •  Napoleonic Italy

 Spain
 Electorate of Bavaria
Württemberg

Third Coalition:

 Holy Roman Empire
 Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
 Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Kingdom of Sicily
 Sweden
Kingdom of France French counter-revolutionaries
Kingdom of France French royalists

Victory
  • Treaty of Pressburg
  • Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
  • Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine
  • Hostilities resume few months later with the formation of a Fourth Coalition against France
War of the Fourth Coalition
(1806–07) 		French Empire
  • Spain Spanish Empire
  • Confederation of the Rhine
  • Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Italy
  • Kingdom of Naples Naples
  • Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Etruria
  • Netherlands Holland
  • Switzerland Switzerland
  • Polish Legions
 Fourth Coalition:
  •  Prussia
  •  Russian Empire
  •  United Kingdom
  • Saxony
    (until 11 December 1806)
  •  Sweden
  • Sicily
 Victory
  • Treaties of Tilsit
  • Prussia loses half of its territory
  • Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw
  • Saxony joins the Confederation of the Rhine
  • Franco-Russian alliance
  • Creation of the Continental System
  • Hostilities resume later in 1807 with the commencement of the Peninsular War and expanded in 1809 with the formation of a Fifth Coalition against France
Invasion of Portugal (1807) France French Empire
 Spain 		 Portugal Victory
Peninsular War
(1808–14) 		Spain Bourbon Spain
 United Kingdom
 Portugal 		France French Empire
Bonapartist Spain
Poland Duchy of Warsaw 		Victory
  • Treaty of Paris
 300,000 military deaths
200,000 civilian deaths[27]
War of the Fifth Coalition
(1809) 		Fifth Coalition:
  •  Austria
  • Blason louis II de Hongrie.svg Hungary
  • Tyrol
  •  United Kingdom
  • Spain Spain
  • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
  •  Sardinia
  • Black Brunswickers
 France France
  • Confederation of the Rhine
  •  Italy
  • Polish Legions
  • Naples
  • Switzerland Switzerland
  • Netherlands Holland
 Defeat
  • Treaty of Schönbrunn
  • Franco-Austrian Alliance
  • Napoléon marries Marie Louise of Austria
  • Hostilities in the Peninsular War maintained
  • General hostilities across Europe resume in 1812 with the French Invasion of Russia and expand in 1813 with the formation of a Sixth Coalition against France
Bolivian War of Independence
(1809–25)
  • Battle of Cotagaita
  • Battle of Suipacha
  • Battle of Huaqui
  • Battle of Pequereque
  • Battle of Vilcapugio
  • Action of Tambo Nuevo
  • Battle of Ayohuma
  • Battle of Sipe-Sipe
  • Battle of la Tablada de Tolomosa
  Spain
  • Royalists
 Flag of Argentina (alternative).svg United Provinces of the River Plate
Republiquetas 		Defeat
  • Independence of Bolivia
Mexican War of Independence
(1810–21) 		 Spain
  • Spain Mexican royalists
 Estandarte de Hidalgo.svg Bandera de José María Morelos en 1812.png Bandera Nacional de Guerra de Mexico en 1815.svg Insurgents
Flag of the Three Guarantees.svg Army of the Three Guarantees (1821) 		Defeat
  • First Mexican Empire gains independence from Spain
Argentine War of Independence
(1810–18) 		Royalists
Spain Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
Spain Viceroyalty of Peru 		Patriots
Flag of Argentina (alternative).svg United Provinces of the River Plate
Chilean exiles 		Defeat
  • Argentine victory and emancipation from Spanish colonial rule
  • Slavery partially abolished
Chilean War of Independence
(1810–26) 		Spain Spanish Empire
  • Spain Viceroyalty of Peru

Mapuche allies

 Chile
Argentina United Provinces
Mapuche allies 		Defeat
  • Chilean emancipation from Spanish colonial rule
Venezuelan War of Independence
(1811–23) 		Spain Kingdom of Spain Venezuela
 Gran Colombia
New Granada
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Legions 		Defeat
  • Venezuelan independence
Peruvian War of Independence
(1811–24) 		Spain Kingdom of Spain
  • Spain Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Peruvian Royalists
 United Liberating Army

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Legions (from 1824)

Defeat
  • Peru becomes independent of the Spanish monarchy
War of the Sixth Coalition
(1813–1814) 		 Russia
 Prussia
 Austria
 United Kingdom
 Sweden
Spain Spain
Portugal
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
 Sardinia 		 French Empire
  •  Napoleonic Italy
  •  Kingdom of Naples
  • Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg Duchy of Warsaw

Denmark Denmark–Norway Confederation of the Rhine

 United States
(War of 1812)

Victory
War of the Seventh Coalition
(1815) 		Seventh Coalition:

 United Kingdom
 Prussia
 Austrian Empire
 Russian Empire
Province of Hanover Hanover
Nassau
Brunswick
 Sweden
 Netherlands
 Spain
 Portugal
 Sardinia
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
Tuscany Tuscany
Switzerland
Kingdom of France French Kingdom

France French Empire
 Kingdom of Naples 		Victory
  • Second Treaty of Paris
  • End of Napoleonic Wars
  • Second exile of Napoleon and second Bourbon Restoration
  • Beginning of the Concert of Europe
Spanish reconquest of New Granada
(1815–16) 		Spain Kingdom of Spain Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg United Provinces of New Granada Victory
  • Reconquest of New Granada by the Spanish monarchy
Ecuadorian War of Independence
(1820–22) 		 Spain Independentist Armies Defeat
  • Independence of Ecuador from Spain
Spanish reconquest attempts in Mexico
(1821–29) 		Spain Spanish Empire  Mexico Defeat
  • Spain recognizes the independence of the United Mexican States in 1836
French invasion of Spain
(1823) 		Pavillon royal de France.svg Kingdom of France

Spain Armée de la Foi

Spain Partisans of the Cortes Royalist victory
Portuguese Civil War
(1828–34) 		Liberal Forces of Queen Maria II
Spain Spain (Since 1834)
United Kingdom United Kingdom

France France (Since 1830)

Absolutist Forces of King Miguel

Spain Spain (Until 1833)

Liberal victory
  • Concession of Evoramonte:
  • Constitutional monarchy is restored
  • Dom Miguel renounces all his claims to the throne and goes into exile.
First Carlist War
(1833–1839) 		Spain Forces of Queen Isabella II
United Kingdom United Kingdom
France French Kingdom

Portugal Forces of Queen Maria II

Carlists:
  • Forces of Infante Carlos
  • Forces of King Miguel
 Liberal victory
  • British mediated Convention of Vergara.
Second Carlist War
(1846–49) 		Spain Spain Flag of New Spain.svg Carlist insurgents Liberal victory
Spanish expedition to Balanguingui
(1848) 		 Spain Moro Pirates Victory
Cochinchina Campaign
(1858–62) 		Spain Spain
  • Spain Philippines

France French Empire

Dai Nam Victory
  • Treaty of Saigon:
  • Cochinchina becomes a French colony.
Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)  Spain Flag of Morocco 1666 1915.svg Morocco Victory
  • :
  • Morocco recognises Spanish sovereignty over Sidi Ifni and Western Sahara.
 1,152 killed[28]
2,888 died of disease[28]
Franco-Mexican War
(1861–67) 		France French Empire
Mexico Mexican Empire
 Austrian Empire
Spain Spain (until 1862)
 Belgium 		 Mexican republicans
 United States 		Withdrawal
  • Establishment, then fall, of the Second Mexican Empire
  • French withdrawal
  • Execution of Emperor Maximilian I, Miguel Miramon, and Tomas Mejia.
Dominican Restoration War
(1863–65) 		 Spain  Dominican Republic Dominican victory
  • Restoration of Dominican sovereignty
 10,888 killed or wounded
20,000–30,000 died of disease
Chincha Islands War
(1864–66)
  • Battle of Papudo
  • Battle of Abtao
  • Capture of the Paquete de Maule
  • Valparaíso bombardment
  • Battle of Callao
  • Action of 22 August 1866
  Spain  Chile
 Peru

Nominal participation:
 Ecuador
 Bolivia

Indecisive, both sides claimed victory
  • The state of war is maintained between the belligerent parties until the signing of an indefinite armistice in 1871.
  • Peace treaties between Spain and Perú (1879), Bolivia (1879), Chile (1883) and Ecuador (1885).
 300[28]

Restoration[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Ten Years' War
(1868–78) 		 Spain  Cuban rebels Victory
Third Carlist War
(1872–76) 		Spain Kingdom of Spain (1872–73)
Spain I Republic (1873–74)
Spain Kingdom of Spain (1875–76) 		Flag of New Spain.svg Carlist insurgents Royal Victory
Little War
(1879–1880) 		 Spain  Cuban rebels Victory
First Melillan campaign
(1893–1894)
Detail of La Guerre au Maroc, Mort du Général Espagnol Margallo, from scan of Le Petit Journal, 18 November 1893.
  Spain Flag of Morocco 1666 1915.svg Kingdom of Morocco Victory
  • Treaty of Fez:
  • Morocco pays war reparations of 20 million pesetas and pledges to pacify northern provinces.
  • Melilla hinterlands ceded to Spain.
Cuban War of Independence
(1895–1898)
Rear turret of the Spanish cruiser Vizcaya destroyed in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.
From Edison film catalog: A file of Spanish soldiers line up the Cubans against a blank wall and fire a volley. The flash of rifles and drifting smoke make a very striking picture. (a re-enactment)
  • Action of 25 April 1898
  • First Battle of Cárdenas
  • Battle of Cárdenas
  • Battle of Cienfuegos
  • Battle of Guantánamo Bay
  • Action of 13 June 1898
  • Battle of Las Guasimas
  • First Battle of Manzanillo
  • Battle of Tayacoba
  • Battle of the Aguadores
  • Battle of El Caney
  • Battle of San Juan Hill
  • Second Battle of Manzanillo
  • Battle of Santiago de Cuba
  • Siege of Santiago
  • Third Battle of Manzanillo
  • Battle of Nipe Bay
  • Battle of Rio Manimani
  Spain Cuban rebels
 United States 		Defeat
  • American Intervention; Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government during Spanish–American War (1898).
  • Treaty of Paris
  • Protectorate over Cuba
  • Cuban independence
Philippine Revolution
(1896–1898)
  • Cry of Pugad Lawin
  • Battle of Manila
  • Battle of Sambat
  • Cry of Tarlac
  • Battle of Pasong Tamo
  • Battle of San Juan del Monte
  • Battle of San Mateo and Montalban
  • 1896 Manila mutiny
  • Battle of San Francisco De Malabon
  • Battle of Noveleta
  • Kawit Revolt
  • Cry of Nueva Ecija
  • Battle of Imus
  • Battle of San Francisco de Malabon
  • Battle of Talisay
  • Battles of Batangas
  • Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican
  • Battle of Pateros
  • Battle of Kakarong de Sili
  • Battle of Zapote Bridge
  • Battle of Perez Dasmariñas
  • Retreat to Montalban
  • Battle of Aliaga
  • Raid at Paombong
  • Battle of Tres de Abril
  • Battle of Camalig
  • Battle of Calamba
  • Battle of Alapan
  • Siege of Baler
  • Battle of Tayabas
  • Battle of Manila
  • Siege of Masbate
  • Negros Revolution
  • Battle of Barrio Yoting
  • Battle of Sapong Hills
  • Siege of Zamboanga
  Spain
  • Philippines
  • Guardia Civil
 Katipunan (until 1897)

Filipino rebels (1898)
 United States (1898)

Peace Treaty (1897)

Defeat (1898)

  • Resumption of hostilities during Spanish–American War.
  • Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government.
  • Establishment of First Philippine Republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as the first President (1899)
  • Outbreak of the Philippine–American War (1899).
Puerto Rican Campaign
(1898)
Coffins of Spanish–American War dead ready for burial in Arlington National Cemetery in 1898.
 Spain United States United States Inconclusive
  • Militarily inconclusive
  • Spain cedes Puerto Rico in accordance with the accords of the Treaty of Paris of 1898
Siege of the International Legations
(1900) 		 British Empire
 United States
France
 Russia
 Germany
 Italy
 Austria-Hungary
 Japan
 Belgium
 Netherlands
 Spain 		 Qing Dynasty
Yìhéquán 		Victory
Second Melillan campaign
(1909–1910)
Melilla campaign
 Spain Spain   Rif tribes Victory
  • Melilla territory extended to Cape Three Forks and the Bḥar Ameẓẓyan lagoon
Rif War
(1920–1926)
 Spain Spain

France France

Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg Republic of the Rif Victory
  • Debellation of the Republic of the Rif

Second Spanish Republic[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Spanish Civil War
(1936–39) 		Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg Spain
Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Mexico
Volunteers
Flag of the International Brigades.svg International Brigades
Flag of Spain (1938 - 1945).svg Rebel or Nationalist faction
Supported by:
 Kingdom of Italy
 Nazi Germany
Portugal Portugal 		Nationalist faction victory
  • Defeat of the Second Spanish Republic
  • Beginning of Franco's dictatorship
Western Front (World War II)
(1939–1945) 		Allies
 United States
 United Kingdom
 France (1940)
Flag of Free France (1940-1944).svg Free France (1940-1945)
 Canada
 Denmark

 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
Supported by:
Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg Exiled Spanish Republic Volunteers

Axis powers
 Germany
 Italy
 Finland
Axis puppet states

Flag of France (1794–1958).svg Vichy France (1940-1944)
Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg Austria (1940-1944)
Flag of Norway.svg Norway (1938-1945)

US-allied victory
  • Collapse of the Third Reich
  • Fall of the Italian empire
  • Creation of the United Nations
  • Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers
  • Beginning of the Cold War

Francoist Spain[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Eastern Front (World War II)
(1941–1945)
  • Siege of Leningrad
  • Battle of Krasny Bor
 Axis powers
  •  Germany
  •  Romania (until 1944)
  •  Italy (until 1943)
  •  Hungary
Axis puppet states
Co-belligerents
  •  Finland (until 1944)
  •  Bulgaria (until 1944)
Volunteers
  • Blue division.svg Spanish Volunteers Blue Division (until 1944)
 Allies
  •  Soviet Union
  • Poland Poland
  • Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia (from 1943)
  • Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (from 1944)
  • Tuvan People's Republic Tuva (until 1944)
Former Axis powers or co-belligerents
  •  Romania (from 1944)
  • Bulgaria (from 1944)
  •  Finland (from 1944)
Aerial and naval only
  • United States United States
  • United Kingdom United Kingdom
  • Free France Free France (1943–45)
Volunteers
  • Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg Exiled Spanish Republic Volunteers
 Soviet-allied victory
Ifni War
(1957–1958) 		 Spain
 France 		 Morocco Victory
Fight against ETA terrorist group
(1959–1975) 		Spain Spain ETA BASQUE.png Euskadi Ta Askatasuna Inconclusive
  • ETA continued its terrorist activities during the Spanish transition to democracy period and the subsequent Spanish Democracy pursuant to the 1978 Constitution
Western Sahara Revolt
(1973–75) 		 Spain
 Polisario Front of National Liberation Inconclusive
  • Spanish unilateral withdrawal from the Sahara pursuant to the 1975 tripartite Madrid Accords
  • The Polisario Front continued the struggle for self-determination against Mauritania and Morocco.

Modern[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Fight against ETA terrorist group
(1975–2011) 		 Spain
 France
Supported by:
 European Union
 United Kingdom
 United States
 Canada 		ETA BASQUE.png Euskadi Ta Askatasuna Victory
  • ETA declares definitive cessation of its terrorist activities.
Gulf War
(1991) 		 Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Spain
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Egypt
 Syria

Other Allies

Iraq Victory
  • Kuwait regains its independence
Somali Civil War
(1992–1995) 		 United States
 United Kingdom
 Spain
 Saudi Arabia
 Malaysia
 Pakistan
 Italy
 India
 Greece
 Germany
 France
 Canada
 Botswana
 Belgium
 Australia 		Somalia Somalia Victory
  • UN humanitarian mandate fulfilled.
  • About 100,000 lives were saved by outside resistance.
  • Civil war is ongoing.
Bosnian intervention
(1992–1996) 		 NATO  FR Yugoslavia Victory
  • Dayton Accords:
  • Siege of Sarajevo lifted.
  • Bosnian Serbs return to negotiations.
Kosovo War
(1998–99) 		Kosovo Liberation Army KLA

 NATO

 FR Yugoslavia Victory
  • Kumanovo Treaty
  • Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
War in Afghanistan
(2001–)
Spanish Light Infantry in Afghanistan, operating as part of Spain's military commitment to the NATO alliance.
  Afghanistan
ISAF-Logo.svg ISAF
 Afghanistan Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Defeat
  • Fall of Taliban regime
  • Osama bin Laden killed
  • Renewed Taliban offensive in 2021
Perejil Island crisis
(2002) 		 Spain  Morocco Victory
  • Moroccan soldiers removed by Spanish military
Iraq War
(2003–04) 		MNF–I
  •  United States
  •  United Kingdom
  •  Poland
  •  Denmark
  •  Australia (2003–09)
  •  Italy (2003–06)
  •  Spain (2003–04)
  •  Dominican Republic (2003–04)
  •  Honduras (2003–04)
  •  Nicaragua (2003–04)
  •  El Salvador (2003–09)
 Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein

 Iraqi Kurdistan

 Iraq under Saddam Hussein

Various insurgents

Coalition victory
  • Fall of Ba'athist rule in Iraq
  • Deployment in Najaf
  • Spanish withdrawal in 2004, escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal in 2011
Boko Haram insurgency
(2009–) 		 Nigeria
 Cameroon
 Chad
 Niger
Supported by:
African Union
 Belgium
 Benin
 Canada
 China
 Colombia
 France
 Iran
 Israel
 Italy
 Spain
 United Kingdom
 United States 		Boko Haram Ongoing
Libyan intervention
(2011) 		Many NATO NATO members acting under United Nations UN mandate and
Libya Anti-Gaddafi forces
Arab League several Arab League states

 Sweden

Libya Pro-Gaddafi forces Victory
  • Fall of Gaddafi regime
  • Muammar Gaddafi killed
  • National Transitional Council take control
Military intervention against ISIL
(2014–) 		United States United States
 Belgium (2014–17)
 Denmark
 Sweden
 France
 Germany
 Italy
 Turkey (2014–17)
 Netherlands
 Jordan
 Morocco (2014–16)
 Spain
 United Kingdom 		 ISIL Ongoing

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b D. K (October 2009). War. ISBN 9781405347785.
  2. ^ a b Heath, Ian (5 June 2016). Armies of Feudal Europe 1066–1300. ISBN 9781326686215.
  3. ^ a b "Castile, Aragon, Granada, and Portugal 1250–1400".
  4. ^ Philippe Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p.257 (citing Hillgarth, The Spanish Kingdoms, i.342)
  5. ^ White, Matthew (7 November 2011). Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History. ISBN 9780393083309.
  6. ^ a b c "Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z"
  7. ^ The Crusades
  8. ^ a b Hayden p.22
  9. ^ The Spanish army under Spinola refused to give up the key fortress of Wesel. Hayden p.22
  10. ^ Parker p.146
  11. ^ Thion p.18
  12. ^ Kirk p.100
  13. ^ "Charles I and the Spanish Plot: Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630–1641" (PDF). The Anglo-Spanish War of 1625–1630 proved a miserable and ill-led affair for England and wholly unprofitable for English merchants
  14. ^ Treaty of alliance between France and Portugal concluded at Paris, 1 June 1641. Davenport, Frances Gardiner: European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2012. ISBN 9781584774228, pp. 324–328
  15. ^ Birmingham, p.51
  16. ^ The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.
  17. ^ a b In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified as the Kingdom of Great Britain, sharing a single Parliament at Westminster under the Act of Union 1707. After this, Scottish troops joined their English counterparts in all colonial wars.
  18. ^ Cesáreo Fernández Duro, Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de León, Est. tipográfico Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, Madrid, 1902, Vol. VI, p. 118
  19. ^ "War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–20)".
  20. ^ Nash, Jay Robert (18 May 1976). Darkest Hours. ISBN 9781590775264.
  21. ^ a b "Statistics of Wars, Oppressions and Atrocities of the Eighteenth Century".
  22. ^ Newman, Gerald; Brown, Leslie Ellen; Graham Cummings, A. J.; ), Jack Fruchtman (Jr. ).; Tasch, Peter A. (1997). Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714–1837: An Encyclopedia. ISBN 9780815303961.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ "War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48)".
  24. ^ "Seven Years War (1755–63)".
  25. ^ Serulnikov, Sergio (2013). Revolution in the Andes: The Age of Túpac Amaru. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822354833.
  26. ^ Robins, Nicholas A.: Genocide and millennialism in Upper Peru: the Great Rebellion of 1780–1782
  27. ^ "Victimario Histórico Militar".
  28. ^ a b c "Statistics of Wars, Oppressions and Atrocities of the Nineteenth Century".

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