List of wars involving Turkey
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This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Turkey and includes conflicts such as coups, insurgencies, offensives, border and international disputes since the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.
Wars[]
Conflict | Turkey and allies |
Opponents | Results | Turkish losses | |
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Military | Civilian | ||||
War of Independence (1919–1923)
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Victory[1]
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Sheikh Said Rebellion (1925) |
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Sunni Zaza tribes | Victory
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250,000 | |
Ararat Rebellion (1927–1930) |
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Victory
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47,000 | |
Dersim Rebellion (1937–1938) |
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Dersim tribes | Victory
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Korean War (1950–1953) |
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Stalemate | ||
Cyprus crisis of 1963–64 (1963–1964) (Intervention in Battle of Tillyria) |
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Ceasefire (Battle of Tylliria)[3][4][5]
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Turkish invasion of Cyprus (1974) |
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Victory
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Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)[8] |
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1980 Turkish coup d'état
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(both sides) | |
Kurdish-Turkish Conflict (1978–) |
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Ongoing
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Operation Restore Hope (1992–1995) |
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Victory
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Bosnian War (1995) (Participant in NATO Operation Deliberate Force) |
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Stalemate[11]
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Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1997) |
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Ceasefire
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Kosovo War (1998–1999) (Participant in NATO Operation Allied Force) |
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Stalemate
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War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |
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Defeat
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First Libyan Civil War (2011) (Assisted NATO military intervention) |
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NATO Victory | ||
American-led intervention in Iraq (2015–) |
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Ongoing
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Operation Euphrates Shield (2016–2017) |
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Victory
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Operation Olive Branch (2018) |
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Victory
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Operation Peace Spring (2019) |
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Victory | ||
Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate (2017) (incl. Operation Spring Shield & 2020 Balyun airstrikes) |
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Ongoing | 67 - 81[29][30][31][note 1] | |
Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War (2020) |
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Ceasefire |
Coups and coup attempts in Turkey[]
There have been 2 successful coups in Turkey:
- 1960 coup d'état
- 1962 coup d'état attempt
- 1963 coup d'état attempt
- 1969 coup d'état attempt
- 1971 military memorandum
- 1980 coup d'état
- 1997 military memorandum
- 2007 military memorandum
- 2016 coup d'état attempt
Insurgency in Turkey[]
There are several insurgency in Turkey, including the following:
- Kurdish insurgency in Turkey - 1st and 2nd Phase and Kurdish insurgency in Turkey - 3rd Phase
- Maoist insurgency in Turkey
- Marxist–Leninist DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey
- Terrorism in Turkey
Wars and battles during the War of Independence[]
Turkish-Armenian War[]
Franco-Turkish War[]
Greco-Turkish War[]
- Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
- Greek landing at Smyrna
- Urla Clashes
- Malgaç Raid
- Battle of Bergama
- Raid on Erbeyli
- Raid on Erikli
- Battle of Tellidede
- Battle of Aydın
- Greek Summer Offensive (1920)
- Battle of the Gediz
- First Battle of İnönü
- Second Battle of İnönü
- Battle of Kütahya–Eskişehir
- Battle of Sakarya
- Great Offensive
- Battle of Dumlupınar
- Turkish capture of Smyrna
- Fire of Smyrna
Occupations[]
Revolts[]
- Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur 1919-1920
- Konya rebellion 1920
- Koçgiri Rebellion 1921
- Beytussebab rebellion 1923
- Sheikh Said rebellion 1925
- Ararat rebellion 1927-1930
- Menemen Uprising 1930
- Dersim Rebellion 1937-1938
Other conflicts and crises involving Turkey[]
- Chanak Crisis 1922
- Turkey during World War II 1945
- Turkish Straits crisis 1946-1947
- Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
- Greece-Turkey Imia/Kardak conflict, 1995
- 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
- Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War
- Aegean dispute
- 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War[]
- Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War 2012-present
- Syrian government-Turkish border clashes 2012-2014
- Operation Shah Euphrates
- Operation Euphrates Shield
- Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
- Operation Olive Branch
- Operation Peace Spring
- Second Battle of Ras al-Ayn
See also[]
- Military history of Turkey
- List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire
- List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
- Military history of the Ottoman Empire
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
- ^ Including 163 missing
- ^ James, A. (28 November 2001). Keeping the Peace in the Cyprus Crisis of 1963–64. Springer. pp. 147–149. ISBN 9781403900890 – via Google Books.
- ^ O'Malley, Brendan; Craig, Ian (25 June 2001). The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and the Turkish Invasion. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 115–121. ISBN 9780857711922 – via Google Books.
- ^ Dodd, Clement (21 April 2010). The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9780230275287 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Cengiz Topel (1934–1964)" (in Turkish). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Okulweb. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ References:
- Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, ISBN 9944137251, page 688 (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 ground, 65 navy, 5 air, 13 gendarmerie (= 498 killed)
- American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies; Eugene K. Keefe (1980). Cyprus, a country study. Foreign Area Studies, American University : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
Authoritative figures for casualties during the two- phased military operation were not published; available estimates listed Greek Cypriot losses at 6,000 dead and Turkish losses at 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded...
- ^ Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée," Le Monde diplomatique, February 1981.
- ^ Ustel, Aziz (2008-07-14). "Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!". Star Gazete (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-10-21.
Ve 13 Eylül 1980’de Türkiye’yi on yıla yakın bir süredir kasıp kavuran terör ve adam öldürmeler bıçakla kesilir gibi kesildi.
- ^ "Operation Restore Hope". Retrieved 2007-12-02.
- ^ a b Cimbala, Stephen J.; Forster, Peter (21 October 2005). The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 9781134251971 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Operation Deliberate Force". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
- ^ Olsen, John Andreas (15 July 2014). European Air Power: Challenges and Opportunities. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612346816 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Afghanistan Fatalities". Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Parliament OKs Turkey's Involvement in Libya". The Oakland Press. Ankara. Associated Press. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ "Ten German dead in Istanbul terror attack". The Local. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Suicide bombing hits Istanbul shopping area popular with tourists". The Independent. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ hermesauto (2 July 2016). "Istanbul airport attack toll rises to 45 as child dies". Straits Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Death toll rises to 57 in ISIL Gaziantep attack". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ ""Death toll from bomb blasts at HDP rally rises to 4"". Archived from the original on July 23, 2015.
- ^ "Suruç'ta ölenlerin sayısı 32'ye yükseldi". 21 July 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Does Turkey have to learn to live with terror? - SERKAN DEMİRTAŞ". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ Weise, Zia; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (January 9, 2017). "Istanbul nightclub attack: Search continues for unidentified terrorist gunman who killed 39 at New Year's Eve party". The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ "Isis cleared from border with Turkey". 5 September 2016.
- ^ "Turkey neutralizes over 4,500 terrorists in Afrin: Army". Anadolu Agency. 6 July 2018.
- ^ Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militia in Syria's Afrin
"1 Turkish soldier killed during anti-terror op in northern Syria". Daily Sabah. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
One Turkish soldier killed in Syria, military retaliates: ministry
One soldier killed, another wounded in Syria
Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militants in Syria: ministry
Two Turkish soldiers killed in Kurdish militant attack in Syria: ministry - ^ "Turkish civilian worker killed, three soldiers wounded in Syria's Afrin". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ "1,230 terrorists neutralized in N.Syria op: President". aa.com.tr.
- ^ 1 killed (6 Feb. 2018),[6] 1 killed (6 April 2019),[7] 1 killed (28 June 2019),[8] 58 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per Turkish President),[9][10] 72 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per SOHR),[11][12][13] 3 killed (18-19 March 2020),[14] 1 killed (27 May 2020),[15] 1 killed (5 June 2020),[16] 1 killed (12 June 2020),[17] total of 67–81 soldiers killed
- ^ "YPG terrorists attack Turkish military convoy in Idlib with car bomb, kill 1 civilian, injure 2 others". DailySabah. 30 January 2018.
- ^ Syria war: Turkey will not let Syrian army advance in Idlib, says Erdogan
UN: Northwest Syria fighting displaces over 500,000 in 2 months
Turkey to keep military observation posts in Idlib, Syria - ^ "Erdogan says two Turkish troops killed in Libya conflict". Reuters. 25 February 2020.
- ^ "Libya şehidi Bilal Yılmaz için tören düzenlendi" (in Turkish). 26 August 2020.
Categories:
- Wars involving Turkey
- Lists of wars by country
- Turkish military-related lists
- Military history of Turkey