List of wars involving Turkey

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Turkey and includes conflicts such as coups, insurgencies, offensives, border and international disputes since the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.

Wars[]

Conflict	Turkey and allies	Opponents	Results	Turkish losses
Conflict	Turkey and allies	Opponents	Results	Military	Civilian
War of Independence (1919–1923) Franco-Turkish War (1918–1921) Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Turkish–Armenian War (1920)	Ankara Government	Greece France Armenia United Kingdom Istanbul Government Italy Georgia	Victory^[1] Treaty of Lausanne Establishment of the Republic of Turkey	~41,000	Unknown
Sheikh Said Rebellion (1925)	Turkey	Sunni Zaza tribes	Victory Revolt suppressed	Unknown	15,000– 250,000
Ararat Rebellion (1927–1930)	Turkey	Republic of Ararat	Victory Republic of Ararat disbanded	Unknown	4,500– 47,000
Dersim Rebellion (1937–1938)	Turkey	Dersim tribes	Victory Revolt suppressed	110	Unknown
Korean War (1950–1953)	South Korea UN Command United States United Kingdom Canada Turkey Australia Ethiopia Philippines New Zealand Thailand Greece France Colombia Belgium South Africa Netherlands Luxembourg	North Korea China Soviet Union	Stalemate Korean Armistice Agreement	904^[2]	None
Cyprus crisis of 1963–64 (1963–1964) (Intervention in Battle of Tillyria)	Turkey TMT	Cyprus	Ceasefire (Battle of Tylliria)^[3]^[4]^[5] Greek Cypriot National Guard ground offensive against Turkish Cypriot positions halted by Turkish airstrikes support Ceasefire after UN Security Council resolution Turkish Cypriots maintain beachhead but significantly reduced & supply lines blockaded	1^[6]	None
Turkish invasion of Cyprus (1974)	Turkey TMT	Cyprus Greece	Victory Turkish overall control of 36.2% of Cyprus	498^[7]	None
Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)^[8]	Grey Wolves	TKP/ML THKO Devrimci Yol	1980 Turkish coup d'état Violence abruptly stopped^[9]	5,388 (both sides)
Kurdish-Turkish Conflict (1978–)	Turkey	KCK YDG-H HBDH TAK	Ongoing Truce 2012–2014, renewed fight in 2015	8,266	~30,000
Operation Restore Hope (1992–1995)	UNITAF Australia Belgium Botswana Canada Ethiopia France Greece India Italy Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Saudi Arabia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	United Somali Congress	Victory Operation regarded as a success^[10]	None	None
Bosnian War (1995) (Participant in NATO Operation Deliberate Force)	NATO Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	Republika Srpska	Stalemate^[11] Turkey committed 8 of 173 aircraft in the NATO force,^[11] flew 2.2 percent of sorties^[12] Dayton Agreement, deployment of NATO-led IFOR	None	None
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1997)	Turkey KDP	PUK PKK	Ceasefire Peace treaty between the KDP and the PUK	145	None
Kosovo War (1998–1999) (Participant in NATO Operation Allied Force)	UÇK NATO Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	FR Yugoslavia	Stalemate Turkey committed 11 F-16 aircraft to the NATO force, and US use of air bases^[13] Kumanovo Treaty	None	None
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)	Afghanistan ISAF United States United Kingdom Australia Canada Germany France Italy Czech Republic Netherlands Turkey Romania Georgia South Korea Poland Denmark Sweden Norway Finland Singapore New Zealand Mongolia Bulgaria Hungary Belgium Estonia Latvia Lithuania Portugal Albania Slovenia	Taliban	Defeat Fall and Return of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	14^[14]	None
First Libyan Civil War (2011) (Assisted NATO military intervention)	NTC Qatar NATO coalition United States United Kingdom France Belgium Bulgaria Canada Denmark Greece Italy Netherlands Norway Romania Spain Turkey Sweden Jordan United Arab Emirates	Libya	NATO Victory Turkey helped enforce the naval blockade and no-fly zone^[15] The NTC assumed interim control of Libya	None	None
American-led intervention in Iraq (2015–)	Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan CJTF–OIR United States Australia Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Jordan Morocco Netherlands United Kingdom Turkey	ISIS	Ongoing Turkish intervention in July 2015	None	304^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]
Operation Euphrates Shield (2016–2017)	Turkey Syrian Opposition	ISIS Northern Syria	Victory Bufferzone created on Syria–Turkey border^[24]	71	None
Operation Olive Branch (2018)	Turkey Syrian Opposition	Northern Syria Syria	Victory Turkish capture of Afrin	61^[25]^[26]^[27]	1 worker
Operation Peace Spring (2019)	Turkey Syrian Opposition	Northern Syria Syria	Victory	16	22^[28]
Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate (2017) (incl. Operation Spring Shield & 2020 Balyun airstrikes)	Turkey	Syria	Ongoing	67 - 81^[29]^[30]^[31]^{[note 1]}	2 contractors
Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War (2020)	Turkey Government of National Accord Syrian Interim Government	House of Representatives	Ceasefire	3 killed^[32]^[33]	Unknown

Coups and coup attempts in Turkey[]

There have been 2 successful coups in Turkey:

Insurgency in Turkey[]

There are several insurgency in Turkey, including the following:

Kurdish insurgency in Turkey - 1st and 2nd Phase and Kurdish insurgency in Turkey - 3rd Phase
Maoist insurgency in Turkey
Marxist–Leninist DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey
Terrorism in Turkey

Wars and battles during the War of Independence[]

Occupations[]

Revolts[]

Other conflicts and crises involving Turkey[]

Chanak Crisis 1922
Turkey during World War II 1945
Turkish Straits crisis 1946-1947
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
Greece-Turkey Imia/Kardak conflict, 1995
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War
Aegean dispute
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war

Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War[]

Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War 2012-present
- Syrian government-Turkish border clashes 2012-2014
- Operation Shah Euphrates
- Operation Euphrates Shield
  - Turkey–ISIL conflict
- Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
- Operation Olive Branch
- Operation Peace Spring
  - Second Battle of Ras al-Ayn

Notes[]

^ Present Turkish losses during the operation in Idlib Governorate do not include unconfirmed claims of 50–100 dead in the February 2020 Balyun airstrikes.[1][2][3][4] Instead, they include 33 soldiers killed in the airstrike confirmed by Turkey.[5]

References[]

^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
^ Including 163 missing
^ James, A. (28 November 2001). Keeping the Peace in the Cyprus Crisis of 1963–64. Springer. pp. 147–149. ISBN 9781403900890 – via Google Books.
^ O'Malley, Brendan; Craig, Ian (25 June 2001). The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and the Turkish Invasion. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 115–121. ISBN 9780857711922 – via Google Books.
^ Dodd, Clement (21 April 2010). The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9780230275287 – via Google Books.
^ "Cengiz Topel (1934–1964)" (in Turkish). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Okulweb. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
^
References:
- Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, ISBN 9944137251, page 688 (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 ground, 65 navy, 5 air, 13 gendarmerie (= 498 killed)
- American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies; Eugene K. Keefe (1980). Cyprus, a country study. Foreign Area Studies, American University : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Retrieved 5 December 2012. Authoritative figures for casualties during the two- phased military operation were not published; available estimates listed Greek Cypriot losses at 6,000 dead and Turkish losses at 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded...
^ Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée," Le Monde diplomatique, February 1981.
^ Ustel, Aziz (2008-07-14). "Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!". Star Gazete (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-10-21. Ve 13 Eylül 1980’de Türkiye’yi on yıla yakın bir süredir kasıp kavuran terör ve adam öldürmeler bıçakla kesilir gibi kesildi.
^ "Operation Restore Hope". Retrieved 2007-12-02.
^ ^a ^b Cimbala, Stephen J.; Forster, Peter (21 October 2005). The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 9781134251971 – via Google Books.
^ "Operation Deliberate Force". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
^ Olsen, John Andreas (15 July 2014). European Air Power: Challenges and Opportunities. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612346816 – via Google Books.
^ "Afghanistan Fatalities". Retrieved 26 September 2020.
^ "Parliament OKs Turkey's Involvement in Libya". The Oakland Press. Ankara. Associated Press. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
^ "Ten German dead in Istanbul terror attack". The Local. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ "Suicide bombing hits Istanbul shopping area popular with tourists". The Independent. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ hermesauto (2 July 2016). "Istanbul airport attack toll rises to 45 as child dies". Straits Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ "Death toll rises to 57 in ISIL Gaziantep attack". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ ""Death toll from bomb blasts at HDP rally rises to 4"". Archived from the original on July 23, 2015.
^ "Suruç'ta ölenlerin sayısı 32'ye yükseldi". 21 July 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ "Does Turkey have to learn to live with terror? - SERKAN DEMİRTAŞ". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ Weise, Zia; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (January 9, 2017). "Istanbul nightclub attack: Search continues for unidentified terrorist gunman who killed 39 at New Year's Eve party". The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
^ "Isis cleared from border with Turkey". 5 September 2016.
^ "Turkey neutralizes over 4,500 terrorists in Afrin: Army". Anadolu Agency. 6 July 2018.
^ Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militia in Syria's Afrin
"1 Turkish soldier killed during anti-terror op in northern Syria". Daily Sabah. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
One Turkish soldier killed in Syria, military retaliates: ministry
One soldier killed, another wounded in Syria
Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militants in Syria: ministry
Two Turkish soldiers killed in Kurdish militant attack in Syria: ministry
^ "Turkish civilian worker killed, three soldiers wounded in Syria's Afrin". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
^ "1,230 terrorists neutralized in N.Syria op: President". aa.com.tr.
^ 1 killed (6 Feb. 2018),[6] 1 killed (6 April 2019),[7] 1 killed (28 June 2019),[8] 58 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per Turkish President),[9][10] 72 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per SOHR),[11][12][13] 3 killed (18-19 March 2020),[14] 1 killed (27 May 2020),[15] 1 killed (5 June 2020),[16] 1 killed (12 June 2020),[17] total of 67–81 soldiers killed
^ "YPG terrorists attack Turkish military convoy in Idlib with car bomb, kill 1 civilian, injure 2 others". DailySabah. 30 January 2018.
^ Syria war: Turkey will not let Syrian army advance in Idlib, says Erdogan
UN: Northwest Syria fighting displaces over 500,000 in 2 months
Turkey to keep military observation posts in Idlib, Syria
^ "Erdogan says two Turkish troops killed in Libya conflict". Reuters. 25 February 2020.
^ "Libya şehidi Bilal Yılmaz için tören düzenlendi" (in Turkish). 26 August 2020.

[32] Present Turkish losses during the operation in Idlib Governorate do not include unconfirmed claims of 50–100 dead in the February 2020 Balyun airstrikes.[1][2][3][4] Instead, they include 33 soldiers killed in the airstrike confirmed by Turkey.[5]

[1] Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.

[2] Including 163 missing

[3] James, A. (28 November 2001). Keeping the Peace in the Cyprus Crisis of 1963–64. Springer. pp. 147–149. ISBN 9781403900890 – via Google Books.

[4] O'Malley, Brendan; Craig, Ian (25 June 2001). The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and the Turkish Invasion. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 115–121. ISBN 9780857711922 – via Google Books.

[5] Dodd, Clement (21 April 2010). The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9780230275287 – via Google Books.

[meb-6] "Cengiz Topel (1934–1964)" (in Turkish). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Okulweb. Retrieved 2009-08-22.

[7] References:
Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, ISBN 9944137251, page 688 (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 ground, 65 navy, 5 air, 13 gendarmerie (= 498 killed)

American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies; Eugene K. Keefe (1980). Cyprus, a country study. Foreign Area Studies, American University : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Retrieved 5 December 2012. Authoritative figures for casualties during the two- phased military operation were not published; available estimates listed Greek Cypriot losses at 6,000 dead and Turkish losses at 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded...

[9] Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, ISBN 9944137251, page 688 (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 ground, 65 navy, 5 air, 13 gendarmerie (= 498 killed)

[10] American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies; Eugene K. Keefe (1980). Cyprus, a country study. Foreign Area Studies, American University : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Retrieved 5 December 2012. Authoritative figures for casualties during the two- phased military operation were not published; available estimates listed Greek Cypriot losses at 6,000 dead and Turkish losses at 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded...

[Gil-8] Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée," Le Monde diplomatique, February 1981.

[9] Ustel, Aziz (2008-07-14). "Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!". Star Gazete (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-10-21. Ve 13 Eylül 1980’de Türkiye’yi on yıla yakın bir süredir kasıp kavuran terör ve adam öldürmeler bıçakla kesilir gibi kesildi.

[10] "Operation Restore Hope". Retrieved 2007-12-02.

[Cimbala_2005-11] Cimbala, Stephen J.; Forster, Peter (21 October 2005). The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 9781134251971 – via Google Books.

[12] "Operation Deliberate Force". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-03-15.

[13] Olsen, John Andreas (15 July 2014). European Air Power: Challenges and Opportunities. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612346816 – via Google Books.

[14] "Afghanistan Fatalities". Retrieved 26 September 2020.

[15] "Parliament OKs Turkey's Involvement in Libya". The Oakland Press. Ankara. Associated Press. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.

[16] "Ten German dead in Istanbul terror attack". The Local. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[17] "Suicide bombing hits Istanbul shopping area popular with tourists". The Independent. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[18] rmesauto (2 July 2016). "Istanbul airport attack toll rises to 45 as child dies". Straits Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[19] "Death toll rises to 57 in ISIL Gaziantep attack". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[20] ""Death toll from bomb blasts at HDP rally rises to 4"". Archived from the original on July 23, 2015.

[21] "Suruç'ta ölenlerin sayısı 32'ye yükseldi". 21 July 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[22] "Does Turkey have to learn to live with terror? - SERKAN DEMİRTAŞ". Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[23] Weise, Zia; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (January 9, 2017). "Istanbul nightclub attack: Search continues for unidentified terrorist gunman who killed 39 at New Year's Eve party". The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.

[24] "Isis cleared from border with Turkey". 5 September 2016.

[over4500-25] "Turkey neutralizes over 4,500 terrorists in Afrin: Army". Anadolu Agency. 6 July 2018.

[soldierkilled-26] Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militia in Syria's Afrin
"1 Turkish soldier killed during anti-terror op in northern Syria". Daily Sabah. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
One Turkish soldier killed in Syria, military retaliates: ministry
One soldier killed, another wounded in Syria
Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militants in Syria: ministry
Two Turkish soldiers killed in Kurdish militant attack in Syria: ministry

[worker-27] "Turkish civilian worker killed, three soldiers wounded in Syria's Afrin". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 18 July 2018.

[28] "1,230 terrorists neutralized in N.Syria op: President". aa.com.tr.

[29] 1 killed (6 Feb. 2018),[6] 1 killed (6 April 2019),[7] 1 killed (28 June 2019),[8] 58 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per Turkish President),[9][10] 72 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per SOHR),[11][12][13] 3 killed (18-19 March 2020),[14] 1 killed (27 May 2020),[15] 1 killed (5 June 2020),[16] 1 killed (12 June 2020),[17] total of 67–81 soldiers killed

[30] "YPG terrorists attack Turkish military convoy in Idlib with car bomb, kill 1 civilian, injure 2 others". DailySabah. 30 January 2018.

[notlet-31] Syria war: Turkey will not let Syrian army advance in Idlib, says Erdogan
UN: Northwest Syria fighting displaces over 500,000 in 2 months
Turkey to keep military observation posts in Idlib, Syria

[Reuters_2TurkishSoldiersKilled-33] "Erdogan says two Turkish troops killed in Libya conflict". Reuters. 25 February 2020.

[34] "Libya şehidi Bilal Yılmaz için tören düzenlendi" (in Turkish). 26 August 2020.

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[note 1]

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