List of wars involving Vietnam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of wars involving the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and its predecessor states.

Part of a series on the
History of Vietnam
History of Vietnam.png
Ancient
Hồng Bàng dynasty 2879 BC–258 BC
Thục dynasty 257 BC–179 BC
Triệu dynasty 204 BC–111 BC
Dominated
1st Chinese domination 111 BC–40 AD
Trung sisters' rebellion 40–43
2nd Chinese domination 43–544
Early Lý dynasty544–602
3rd Chinese domination602–939
Dynastic
Ngô dynasty 939–967
Đinh dynasty 968–980
Early Lê dynasty 980–1009
Later Lý dynasty 1009–1225
Trần dynasty 1225–1400
Hồ dynasty 1400–1407
4th Chinese domination 1407–1427
Later Lê dynasty 1428–1527
Mạc dynasty 1527–1592
Later Lê Restoration 1533–1788
Tây Sơn dynasty 1788–1802
Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945
Colonial
French Cochinchina 1862–1945 / 1945–1949
French Annam 1883–1945 / 1945–1948
French Tonkin 1883–1945 / 1945–1948
French Indochina 1887–1945 / 1945–1954
Empire of Vietnam 1945
Republic
North Vietnam
(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)		 1945–1976
Provisional Central Government 1948–1949
South-North division 1954-1976
State of Vietnam 1949–1955
South Vietnam
(Republic of Vietnam)		 1955–1975
Provisional Revolutionary Government
(Republic of South Vietnam)		 1969–1976
Socialist Republic of Vietnam1976–present
By topic
Timeline
Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam portal
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Pre-modern[]

Ancient (–111 BC)[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result

(257 BC?)

Lạc Việt tribe Âu Việt tribe Lac Viet was annexed into Au Viet.
Baiyue-Qin War

(221 BCE – 214 BCE)

Baiyue tribes Qin Empire Partial victory
  • Minyue and Nanyue tribes were annexed into Qin Empire
  • Âu Lạc retained independence

(207 BCE or 179 BCE)

Âu Lạc under Thục dynasty Nanyue under Triệu dynasty Defeat
  • Âu Lạc was annexed into Nanyue
Han–Nanyue War

(111 BCE)

Nanyue under Triệu dynasty Han Empire Defeat
  • First Chinese domination of Vietnam

Dominated (111 BC–905 AD)[]

First and Second Chinese Domination (111 BC – 544 AD)[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Trung sisters' rebellion

(40–43)

Trưng Sisters rebels in Lingnan Han Empire Rebellion defeated
  • Second Chinese domination of Vietnam
Jiaozhi revolts

(100, 136–144 AD)

Chamic revolt in Rinan, by 136 it had been spreading to Jiaozhi. Han dynasty Rebellion defeated
Jiuzhen revolt

(157 AD)

Chu Đạt rebels in Jiuzhen Han dynasty Rebellion defeated
Wuhu revolt

(178–181)

Liang Long rebels in Hepu and Jiaozhi Han dynasty Rebellion defeated
Independence of Champa

(192)

Khu Liên revolts in Xianglin (Hue), southern part of Rinan Han dynasty Rebellion success, creation of the first Cham kingdom of Lâm Ấp.
Lady Triệu Revolt

(248)

Lady Triệu rebels in Jiuzhen Wu Rebellion defeated
  • Lady Triệu Revolt was suppressed.
Jin–Wu war

(263–280)

Anti-Wu rebels in Jiaozhi, backed by Jin dynasty Wu Jin victory
  • Jin acquired possession of Northern Vietnam from Wu.

(399–431)

Jin dynasty Lâm Ấp Jin victory
  • Cham attacks were driven back with heavy tolls.

(445–446)

Liu Song dynasty Lâm Ấp Liu Song victory
  • Capital of Lâm Ấp, Kandarapura, was sacked by the Liu Song dynasty.
Lý Bí Revolt

(542–545)

Lý Bí rebels in Jiaozhi Liang Victory

Early Lý Dynasty (545–602)[]

Conflict Early Lý Dynasty

and allies

Opponents Result
Sui-Van Xuan War

(545–602)

Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty Sui Defeat
  • Third Chinese domination of Vietnam

Third Chinese Domination (602–905)[]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Sui–Lâm Ấp war

(605)

Lâm Ấp Sui dynasty Sui victory
  • Chinese briefly established in Champa

(679)

's Li rebels Tang dynasty Tang victory
Mai Thúc Loan Revolt

(722–23)

Mai Thúc Loan rebels in Annan Great Tang Tang victory

(726–28)

rebels in modern-day China-Vietnam borderlands Great Tang Tang victory

(767, 774 & 787)

Javanese raiders Tang dynasty, Champa Tang victory

(791)

Phùng Hưng rebels in Annan Great Tang Defeat
Tang–Nanzhao war

(846–866)

Nanzhao and local rebels in Northern Vietnam Great Tang Tang victory
  • Exhaustion for the Tang Empire.

Dynastic (905–1887)[]

List of wars and conflicts that had been fought on or by various historical political entities in modern-day Vietnam.

Medieval Vietnam (905–1527)[]

Early Modern (1527–1887)[]

Colonial[]

French Indochina (1887–1954)[]

Conflict French Indochina
and allies 		Opponents Result
Cần Vương Rebellion

(1885–1896)

 French Third Republic French Indochina Cần Vương forces Victory
  • Insurrection crushed.
Yên Thế Insurrection

(1884–1913)

 French Third Republic French Indochina Hoàng Hoa Thám forces Victory
  • Insurrection crushed.
Franco-Siamese War

(1893)

 French Third Republic French Indochina Thailand Rattanakosin Kingdom Victory
  • Insurrection crushed.
Cochinchina uprising

(1916)

 French Third Republic French Indochina Flag of Republic of Cochinchina.svg Cochinchina rebels Victory
  • Uprising crushed.
Thái Nguyên uprising

(1917)

 French Third Republic French Indochina Thái Nguyên rebels Victory
  • Uprising crushed.
Yên Bái mutiny

(1930)

 French Third Republic French Indochina Nationalist forces Victory
  • Mutiny defeated.
Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets

(1930–1931)

 French Third Republic French Indochina Communist forces Victory
  • Uprising crushed.
Japanese invasion of Indochina (1940)  Vichy France French Indochina  Empire of Japan Defeat
  • Japanese occupied Northern French Indochina
Franco-Thai War

(1940–1941)

 Vichy France French Indochina  Thailand Military Indecisive
Thai political victory
  • Disputed enclaves returned to Thailand.

Republic[]

North Vietnam (1945–1976)[]

Conflict Vietnam
and allies 		Opponents Result General Secretary
Chinese troops enter Vietnam (1945)  North Vietnam  Republic of China (1912–1949)

Supported by:
 France

Victory Hồ Chí Minh
Partisan conflict of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1947) North Vietnam Việt Minh National Union Front, formed in Nanking Victory
  • All anti-Viet Minh parties have been crush.
Operation Masterdom

(1945–1946)

North Vietnam Việt Minh

Flag of VNQDD.svg Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng

 United Kingdom

 France

  •  French Indochina

 Japan

Defeat
  • Restoration of French rule in Indochina.
  • First Indochina War begin
First Indochina War

(1946–1954)[a]

 North Vietnam
  • North Vietnam Việt Minh

Laos Lao Issara
Laos Pathet Lao
Khmer Issarak

Empire of Japan Japanese volunteers
Supported by:
 China (1949–1954)[1]
 East Germany (1950–1954)[2]
 Soviet Union (1952–1954)[1][3]
 Polish People's Republic

 France

Supported by:
 United States (1950–1954)
 Taiwan

Victory
  • Geneva Conference; French Indochina partitioned into four countries.
Operation Shiwan Dashan (1949)  China

 North Vietnam

 Republic of China (1912–1949) Victory
Vietnam War

(1955–1975)[b]

 North Vietnam
Viet Cong Viet Cong
Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg Khmer Rouge
Laos Pathet Lao
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea

Supported by:
 Czechoslovakia
 East Germany
 Polish People's Republic
 Socialist Republic of Romania
 Hungarian People's Republic
 People's Republic of Bulgaria
 Cuba
 Sweden[4]

Flag of South Vietnam.svg South Vietnam
Flag of United States.svg United States
 South Korea
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Philippines
Flag of Laos (1952-1975).svg Kingdom of Laos
Cambodia Khmer Republic

Supported by:
 Taiwan
 Thailand

Victory
  • Communist governments take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
  • Vietnam reunited in 1976
 Hồ Chí Minh (until 2 September 1969)

Lê Duẩn

Laotian Civil War

(1959–1975)

Laos Pathet Lao
 North Vietnam 		 Kingdom of Laos
 United States
 South Vietnam
 Thailand 		Victory
Cambodian Civil War

(1967–1975)

National United Front of Kampuchea Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
 United States
 South Vietnam 		Victory
  • Fall of the Kingdom of Cambodia
  • Creation but eventual collapse of the Khmer Republic
  • Creation of the Democratic Kampuchea
  • Beginning of the Cambodian genocide

State of Vietnam and South Vietnam (1945–1975)[]

Conflict Vietnam
and allies 		Opponents Result President
First Indochina War

(1946–1954)[c]

 France

Supported by:

 United States (1950–1954)

 Taiwan

 North Vietnam
  • North Vietnam Việt Minh

Laos Lao Issara

Laos Pathet Lao

Khmer Issarak

Empire of Japan Japanese volunteers

Supported by:  China (1949–1954)[1]

 East Germany (1950–1954)[2]

 Soviet Union (1952–1954)[1][3]

 Polish People's Republic

Defeat
  • Geneva Conference; French Indochina partitioned into four countries.
Battle of Saigon (1955)  State of Vietnam Bình Xuyên Victory
1955 State of Vietnam referendum State of Vietnam Support groups Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm

Supported by:

 United States

State of Vietnam Support groups Chief of State former Emperor Bảo Đại

Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng

Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam

Supported by:

 France

Change of government
  • Ngô Đình Diệm become president.
  • South Vietnam has establishment
Vietnam War

(1955–1975)

 South Vietnam

 United States  South Korea Australia New Zealand PhilippinesFlag of Laos (1952-1975).svg Kingdom of Laos

Cambodia Khmer Republic

Supported by:

 Taiwan

 Thailand

 North VietnamViet Cong Viet Cong

Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg Khmer Rouge Laos Pathet Lao

 China  Soviet Union North Korea Supported by:

Defeat
  • Communist governments take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
  • Vietnam reunited in 1976
1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels

 Republic of Vietnam Marine Division rebels Republic of Vietnam Airborne Division rebels

Army of the Republic of Vietnam loyalists

Presidential Guard

Victory

Coup attempt defeated

Ngô Đình Diệm
Buddhist crisis  South Vietnam Buddhists Change of government
  • Begin 1963 South Vietnamese coup
1963 South Vietnamese coup State of Vietnam Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels

 Republic of Vietnam Marine Division rebels  Republic of Vietnam Air Force rebels Republic of Vietnam Airborne Division rebels

Supported by:

 United States

  • CIA
 Army of the Republic of Vietnam loyalists

Presidential Guard

Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces

Defeat

Coup successful

  • Military Revolutionary Council takes power; political prisoners released
  • Ngô Đình Diệm and Nhu arrested and assassinated, Lê Quang Tung and Hồ Tấn Quyền summarily executed
  • Ngô Đình Cẩn arrested; tried and executed in May 1964
  • The Republic of Vietnam weakened and becomes increasingly dependent on the United States
Montagnard Rebellion  South Vietnam BAJARAKA

FULRO

Victory
January 1964 South Vietnamese coup  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels State of Vietnam Military Revolutionary Council of South Vietnam Defeat

Coup successful

  • Bloodless coup successful
September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels  South Vietnam Victory
December 1964 South Vietnamese coup  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels State of Vietnam High National Council other civilian politicians Defeat

High National Council dissolved Nguyễn Khánh political victory

1965 South Vietnamese coup  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels  South Vietnam Victory

Original coup failed; Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and Nguyễn Chánh Thi then forced Nguyễn Khánh from power and into exile

Buddhist Uprising  South Vietnam  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels

Buddhists monks

Victory
Northeast Cay (1968)  South Vietnam  Philippines Defeat

Philippines capture Northeast Cay and Southwest Cay in Spratly Islands

Southwest Cay (1970)  South Vietnam  Philippines Victory

South Vietnam recapture Southwest Cay in Spratly Islands

Battle of the Paracel Islands  South Vietnam  China Defeat

China capture Paracel Islands

Vietnam[]

Conflict Vietnam
and allies 		Opponents Result General Secretary
Insurgency in the Central Highlands

(1975–1992)

 Vietnam Flag of FULRO.svg FULRO Victory
  • Insurgency quelled
 Lê Duẩn (until 10 July 1986)

Trường Chinh (until 18 December 1986)

Nguyễn Văn Linh (until 28 June 1991)

Đỗ Mười

Insurgency in Laos

(1975–2007)

 Vietnam
 Laos 		Laos Hmong insurgents Victory
  • Insurgency quelled
 Lê Duẩn (until 10 July 1986)

Trường Chinh (until 18 December 1986)

Nguyễn Văn Linh (until 28 June 1991)

Đỗ Mười

Cambodian–Vietnamese War

(1977–1989)[d]

 Democratic Kampuchea (1979–1982)
Post-invasion:
 CGDK (1982–1990)
  • Khmer Rouge
  • KPNLF
  • FUNCINPEC

 Thailand (border clashes)
Supported by:
 China
 Thailand[5]
 Malaysia[6]
 Singapore[6]
 United Kingdom[7][8]
 United States[9][10]
 Romania[11][12][13]

 Vietnam
People's Republic of Kampuchea FUNSK
Post-invasion:
1979–1989:
 Vietnam
 People's Republic of Kampuchea
1989–1991:
 State of Cambodia
Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Cuba
 Poland[14]
 Czechoslovakia[15]
 East Germany[16] 		Victory
  • Removal of the Khmer Rouge from power
  • 1991 Paris Peace Accords
 Lê Duẩn (until 10 July 1986)

Trường Chinh (until 18 December 1986)

Nguyễn Văn Linh (until 28 June 1991)

Đỗ Mười

Sino-Vietnamese War

(1979)

 Vietnam  China Stalemate
  • Chinese withdrawal from Vietnam
  • China failed to deter Vietnam from involvement in Cambodia
 Lê Duẩn
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979–91

(1979–1991)

 Vietnam  China Inconclusive
  • Normalization of bilateral relations
 Lê Duẩn (until 10 July 1986)

Trường Chinh (until 18 December 1986)

Nguyễn Văn Linh (until 28 June 1991)

Đỗ Mười

Johnson South Reef Skirmish  Vietnam  China Defeat Nguyễn Văn Linh
Thai–Laotian Border War

(1987–1988)

 Vietnam
 Laos 		 Thailand Victory
  • Peace talks in Bangkok
 Lê Duẩn (until 10 July 1986)

Trường Chinh (until 18 December 1986)

Nguyễn Văn Linh (until 28 June 1991)

MT Zafirah hijacking  Vietnam Indonesian pirates[17] Victory
  • All eight tanker crews rescued.
  • Hijack foiled and all eleven pirates arrested.
  • Malaysian tanker recovered.
 Nguyễn Phú Trọng
MT Orkim Harmony hijacking  Malaysia

 Australia

  •  Royal Australian Air Force

 Vietnam

Other aid/standby forces:
 Indonesia

 Thailand

Indonesian pirates[20][21] Victory
  • Australia spotted the tanker in the Gulf of Thailand.
  • Malaysia recovered the tanker and rescued all 22 crewmembers.
  • Vietnam captured all eight escaping pirates after they were found intruding past the Vietnamese border.
 Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff  Vietnam  China Victory
  • China withdrew the oil rig
 Nguyễn Phú Trọng

Notes[]

  1. ^ Official start date at December 19, 1946, when France captured Hanoi. However, the conflict started already in September 1945, when British troops took Saigon during Operation Masterdom. The Haiphong conflict, lasting from March 3, 1946 until 1947, also lead to tensions between France and China.
  2. ^ Start date remains disputed, but North Vietnam did not intervene before 1959. Includes the Laotian Civil War, the North Vietnamese invasion of Laos and the Cambodian Civil War. First battle between the South Vietnamese army and FNL occurred at September 26, 1959; Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960 The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1, Chapter 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Section 3, pp. 314–346; International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.
  3. ^ Official start date at December 19, 1946, when France captured Hanoi. However, the conflict started already in September 1945, when British troops took Saigon during Operation Masterdom. The Haiphong conflict, lasting from March 3, 1946 until 1947, also lead to tensions between France and China.
  4. ^ See also: Vietnamese border raids in Thailand.

Citations[]

  1. ^ a b c d "Viện trợ của Trung Quốc đối với cuộc kháng chiến chống Pháp của Việt Nam - Quân đội nhân dân" [China's aid to Vietnam's anti-French resistance war - People's Army.]. 2013-12-02. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2021-10-27 – via web.archive.org.
  2. ^ a b http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2013/9311/pdf/DaoDucThuan_2013_02_05.pdf
  3. ^ a b "John Foster Dulles on the fall of Dien Bien Phu - Vidéo Dailymotion". Dailymotion. 2007-05-17. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  4. ^ a b LOGEVALL, FREDRIK (1993). "The Swedish-American Conflict over Vietnam". Diplomatic History. 17 (3): 421–445. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1993.tb00589.x. ISSN 0145-2096. JSTOR 24912244.
  5. ^ "Opinion | Thailand Bears Guilt for Khmer Rouge". The New York Times. March 24, 1993.
  6. ^ a b Richardson, Michael. "Singaporean Tells of Khmer Rouge Aid". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  7. ^ "How Thatcher gave Pol Pot a hand". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  8. ^ "Butcher of Cambodia set to expose Thatcher's role". The Guardian. 9 January 2000. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  9. ^ Allegations of United States support for the Khmer Rouge
  10. ^ "Reagan Vows to Support Sihanouk's Forces". The New York Times. 12 October 1988. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  11. ^ Michael Shafir (1985). Romania: Politics, Economics and Society : Political Stagnation and Simulated Change. Pinter. p. 187. ISBN 9780861874385.
  12. ^ Desaix Anderson (2002). An American in Hanoi: America's Reconciliation with Vietnam. Eastbridge. p. 104. ISBN 9781891936036.
  13. ^ Gerald Frost (1991). Europe in Turmoil: The Struggle for Pluralism. Praeger. p. 306. ISBN 9780275941291.
  14. ^ "Diplomats Recall Cambodia After the Khmer Rouge". The Cambodia Daily. 5 April 2003. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  15. ^ Weiss, Thomas G.; Evans, Gareth J.; Hubert, Don; Sahnoun, Mohamed (2001). The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. International Development Research Centre (Canada). p. 58. ISBN 978-0-88936-963-4. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  16. ^ "When Moscow helped topple the Khmer Rouge". www.rbth.com. March 19, 2016.
  17. ^ "Cảnh sát biển Việt Nam chạm trán cướp biển". Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Multimedia Corporation. 28 June 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  18. ^ "MT Orkim Harmony: Indonesian Navy Agrees To Join Hunt For Hijackers". Bernama. 19 June 2015. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  19. ^ Zafira Anwar (19 June 2015). "Indonesia joins hunt for MT Orkim Harmony hijackers". New Straits Times. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  20. ^ "Indonesian hijackers on board MT Orkim Harmoni tanker with pistols and parangs". The Jakarta Post. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  21. ^ "MT Orkim Harmony: Hijackers spoke with Indonesian accent - Navy chief". Astro Awani. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

References[]

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