term for Zoroastrians
Majūs (Arabic : مجوس) or Magūs (Persian : مگوش) was originally a term meaning Zoroastrians [1] (and specifically, Zoroastrian priests). It was a technical term, meaning magus ,[2] [3] and like its synonym gabr (of uncertain etymology) originally had no pejorative implications.[4] It is also translated as "fire worshipper ".[5]
The term is originated from the Persian word Magūsh (Persian : مگوش), then translated into the Greek language pronounced as Magee (Greek : μάγοι), then to (Roman Latin : Magūs ) which has mentioned in Matthew 2 .[6] The arabs pronounced the word in Majūs (Arabic : مجوس) due to lack of G letter in the arabic alphabet (like G in the word Gate). The word is mentioned in the Quran at 22:17 which says "Indeed, those who have believed and those who were Jews and the Sabeans and the Christians and the Magians and those who associated with Allah - Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed Allah is, over all things, Witness".[7] [8]
They are also mentioned by Ibn al-Jawzi in his famous work Talbis Iblis (The Devil 's Deceptions ) .[9]
In the 1980s, majus was part of Iraqi propaganda vocabulary of the Iran–Iraq War to refer to Iranians in general. "By referring to the Iranians in these documents as majus , the security apparatus [implied] that the Iranians [were] not sincere Muslims, but rather covertly practice their pre-Islamic beliefs. Thus, in their eyes, Iraq’s war took on the dimensions of not only a struggle for Arab nationalism, but also a campaign in the name of Islam."[10]
Today the term majus is distinct from Arabic kafir "unbeliever". Persian gabr is no longer synonymous with majus .[4] Subsequent usage by Sunnis against Shiites has meant that some people view the term as Anti Shia .[11]
See also [ ]
References [ ]
^ Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh & Stewart, Sarah (eds.) (1995). Birth of the Persian Empire: The Idea of Iran, Volume I . London: I. B. Tauris. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-84511-062-8 . CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link ) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link )
^ Steingass, Francis Joseph , ed. (1892). "Majūs". A Comprehensive Persian-English dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature . London: Routledge & K. Paul.[permanent dead link ] p. 1179 .
^ See also: references to Majus/Magi in academic publications
^ Jump up to: a b "Gabr". Encyclopedia Iranica . 10 . Costa Mesa: Mazda. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-09-08.
^ Ashton, Nigel John ; Gibson, Bryan R. (2013). The Iran-Iraq War: New International Perspectives . Routledge. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-415-68524-5 . Retrieved 18 August 2017 .
^ Matthew 2 - biblehub
^ http://corpus.quran.com/concept.jsp?id=magians
^ Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press file p. 22 and 218. Jacques Waardenburg (1999). ISBN 0-19-510472-2
^ Talbis Iblis (The Devil's Deceptions) by Ibn al-Jawzi
^ Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (2000). "The Mindset of Iraq's Security Apparatus". Intelligence and National Security . 18 (3): 5. doi :10.1080/02684520412331306900 . S2CID 153691094 .
^ Rumi, Raza (May 2015). "The Prospects for Reform in Islam" . Current Trends in Islamist Ideology . 18 : 85–103. Retrieved 3 April 2018 .
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