Muhammad's children

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Muhammad's children
اولادِ محمد
মুহাম্মাদের সন্তানগণ আরবি চারুলিপি.png
Children
Muhammad's children Birth–Death
Al-Qasim598–601
Zainab599–629
Ruqayyah601–624
Umm Kulthum603–630
Fatima605–632
Abdullah611–613
Ibrahim630–632
FamilyAhl al-Bayt
(Banu Hashim)

The children of Muhammad include the 3 sons and 4 daughters, born to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[1] All were born to Muhammad's first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid[2] except one son, who was born to Maria al-Qibtiyya.[3]

Overview[]

His attitude and treatment towards his children, enshrined in the hadith, is viewed by Muslims as an exemplar to be imitated.[4] However, critics have noted double standard favouritism (included in Sahih al-Bukhari) towards his daughter Fatimah in refusing her husband Ali’s pursuit of a second wife (Abu Jahl's daughter Juwayriya), despite the Islamic legality of polygamy and his own marriage to Umm Habiba, the daughter of Abu Sufyan.[5][6][7]

All of Muhammad's children, except his daughters Fatimah (married to Ali ibn Abi Talib) Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum (married to Uthman) and Zainab (married to Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi') died in childhood and it is through Fatimah that Muhammad's lineage continued in the form of the respected Sayyid (meaning Leader or Sir) and Sharif (meaning noble),[8] though it is worth mentioning that after the deaths of both Muhammad and Fatimah, Ali married Zaynab's daughter Umamah, and had sons with her[9] before his death, after which she married Al-Mughirah ibn Nawfal ibn Al-Harith, and had a son with him.[10]: 27–28, 163–164 [11]: 13, 162  Muhammad's sons never reached adulthood and died as infants. The early deaths of Muhammad's sons has been viewed as being detrimental to the cause of those who advocated for a hereditary-based system of succession to Muhammad.[12]

Muhammad also had an adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah. However adoption rule was later abolished by Quran.

List of children[]

In chronological order, Muhammad's children were:

Notably, they all died at relatively young ages; ranging from 2–30 years.

Twelver Shia View[]

Main article: Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters

There is much controversy between Sunnis and Shias regarding how many daughters Muhammad had. Most Shia consider Fatimah as his only biological daughter and the other 3 daughters were already living in the house of Khadijah before her marriage with Muhammad.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Haykal, Muḥammad Ḥusayn (1933). al-Fārūqī, Ismaʻīl Rājī (ed.). The Life of Muhammad (1994 revision of 1976 English translation ed.). Islamic Book Trust. pp. 76–7. ISBN 9789839154177.
  2. ^ Paul Gwynne (23 Dec 2013). Buddha, Jesus and Muhammad: A Comparative Study. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118465493. According to Sunni Islam, Khadija bore Muhammad four daughters (Zaynab, Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum and Fatima) and two sons ('Abdallah and Qasim).
  3. ^ G. Smith, Bonnie, ed. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780195148909.
  4. ^ Yust, Karen-Marie, ed. (2006). Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 72. ISBN 9780742544635.
  5. ^ Ibn Warraq (2000). The Quest for the Historical Muhammad. Prometheus Books. p. 243.
  6. ^ "Near East/South Asia Report" (85054). Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1985: 46. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ "Chapter: Narrations about the sons-in-law of the Prophet (saws)". SUNNAH.COM.
  8. ^ Morimoto, Kazuo, ed. (2012). Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies: The Living Links to the Prophet (illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 2. ISBN 9780415519175.
  9. ^ "Mohammad Hilal Ibn Ali". www.helal.ir. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20.
  10. ^ Al-Basri Al-Hashimi, Muhammad ibn Sa'd (1995). Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir [The Women of Madina] (in Arabic). 8. Translated by Bewley, Aisha. London, the U.K.: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  11. ^ Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1998). The History of al-Tabari. XXXIX: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors. Translated by E. Landau-Tasseron. Albany, New York, the U.S.A.: State University of New York Press.
  12. ^ Noel Freedman, David; J. McClymond, Michael, eds. (2000). The Rivers of Paradise: Moses, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus, and Muhammad as Religious Founders. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 497. ISBN 9780802829573. Muhammad's lack of male offspring—which would continue with his later wives as well—was to have serious implications for the future of Islam. When controversy surged over the question of succession, there was no male heir to the Prophet. The Shi'ites, who were to claim that the succession belonged by right to the closest male relative, could do no better than to point to Muhammad's cousin Ali as their candidate—which did not carry the day for them. Had there been a son, things might have turned out rather differently.

Further reading[]

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