Outline of Canada

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The National Flag of Canada
Canada (orthographic projection).svg
An enlargeable map of Canada, showing its ten provinces and three territories.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada:

Canada /ˈkænədə/ is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean.[1] It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest, and marine borders with France and Greenland on the east and northeast, respectively.

The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.[2][3][4] This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

Canada is a federation that is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.

General reference[]

An enlargeable map of Canada
  • Pronunciation /ˈkænədə/
  • Common English country name: Canada
  • Official English country name: Canada
  • Common endonym: Canada
  • Official endonym: Canada
  • Adjectival: Canadian, Canada
  • Demonym: Canadian (Fr. canadien)
  • Etymology: Name of Canada
  • ISO country codes: CA, CAN, 124
  • ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CA
  • Internet country code top-level domain: .ca
  • International rankings of Canada

Geography[]

BC
SK
MB
ON
QC
NB
PE
NL
YT
NU
Canadian Provinces and Territories

Geography of Canada

  • Canada is...
    • a country
      • a nation state
      • a Commonwealth Realm
      • a federation
  • Location:
    • Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
      • Americas
        • North America
          • Northern America
    • Time zones (Time in Canada):
      • Newfoundland Standard Time (UTC-03:30), Newfoundland Daylight Time (UTC-02:30)
      • Atlantic Standard Time (UTC-04), Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC-03)
      • Eastern Standard Time (UTC-05), Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-04)
      • Central Standard Time (UTC-06), Central Daylight Time (UTC-05)
      • Mountain Standard Time (UTC-07), Mountain Daylight Time (UTC-06)
      • Pacific Standard Time (UTC-08), Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-07)
    • Extreme points of Canada
      • North: Cape Columbia, Nunavut - (83°08' N, 74°13'W)
      • South: Middle Island, Ontario - (41°41'N, 82°40'W)
      • East: Cape Spear, Newfoundland - (47°31'N, 52°37'W)
      • West: Yukon-Alaska border - (141°00'W)
      • High: Mount Logan 5,959 m (19,551 ft)
      • Low: North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and North Pacific Ocean 0 m
    • Land boundaries: United States 8,893 km (5,526 miles)[5]
    • Coastline: 202,080 km (125,570 miles)[6]
  • Population of Canada: 35,151,728 people (2016 Census[7]) - 37th most populous country
  • Area of Canada: 9,984,670 km2 (3,855,100 square miles) - 2nd most extensive country
  • Atlas of Canada

Environment[]

An enlargeable satellite image of Canada

Environment of Canada

  • Climate of Canada
  • Environmental issues in Canada
    • Fires in Canada
  • Ecoregions in Canada
  • Renewable energy in Canada
  • Geology of Canada
  • National parks of Canada
  • Protected areas of Canada
  • Wildlife of Canada

Geographic features[]

  • Canadian Arctic
  • Fjords of Canada
  • Glaciers of Canada
  • Islands of Canada
  • Lakes of Canada
    • Great Lakes
A satellite image of the Great Lakes.
  • Mountain peaks of Canada
    • The 100 Highest mountain peaks of Canada
    • The 142 Most prominent mountain peaks of Canada
    • The 100 Most isolated mountain peaks of Canada
    • Appalachian Mountains
    • Pacific Cordillera
    • Rocky Mountains
    • Volcanoes of Canada
  • Prairies of Canada
  • Rivers of Canada
    • Waterfalls of Canada
  • Valleys of Canada
  • World Heritage Sites in Canada
  • Other
    • Canadian Shield
    • St. Lawrence Lowlands
    • List of National Historic Sites of Canada

Regions[]

  • Northern Canada (The North)
  • Western Canada
    • Prairies
  • Eastern Canada

Other regions[]

  • English Canada, sometimes known as the Rest of Canada (excluding Quebec) when considering topics of language
  • French Canada
  • Acadia
  • Quebec-Windsor Corridor

Ecoregions[]

Provinces and territories[]

Provinces and territories of Canada

Provinces[]

Province, with flag Postal abbreviation/
ISO code
Other abbreviations Capital Entered Confederation Population
(2016)[8]
Area (km2)
Land Water Total
 Ontario1 ON Ont. Toronto July 1, 1867 13,448,494 917,741 158,654 1,076,395
 Quebec1 QC Que., PQ, P.Q. Quebec City 8,164,361 1,356,128 185,928 1,542,056
 Nova Scotia2 NS N.S. Halifax 923,598 53,338 1,946 55,284
 New Brunswick2 NB N.B. Fredericton 747,101 71,450 1,458 72,908
 Manitoba3 MB Man. Winnipeg July 15, 1870 1,278,365 553,556 94,241 647,797
 British Columbia2 BC B.C. Victoria July 20, 1871 4,648,055 925,186 19,549 944,735
 Prince Edward Island2 PE PEI, P.E.I., P.E. Island Charlottetown July 1, 1873 142,907 5,660 5,660
 Saskatchewan4 SK Sask., SK, SKWN Regina September 1, 1905 1,098,352 591,670 59,366 651,036
 Alberta4 AB Alta. Edmonton 4,067,175 642,317 19,531 661,848
 Newfoundland and Labrador5 NL Nfld., NF, LB St. John's March 31, 1949 519,716 373,872 31,340 405,212

Notes:

  1. Immediately prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were part of the Province of Canada.
  2. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies at the time of joining Canada.
  3. Manitoba was established simultaneously with Northwest Territories.
  4. Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of Northwest Territories.
  5. Prior to its entry in Confederation, Newfoundland had been a Dominion within the British Commonwealth, but due to a financial crisis during the Depression had surrendered its right to self-government and was under direct British governance.

Territories[]

There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government.

Territory, with flag Postal abbreviation/
ISO code
Other abbreviations Capital Entered Confederation Population
(2007)[8]
Area (km2)
Land Water Total
 Northwest Territories NT N.W.T., NWT Yellowknife July 15, 1870 41,786 1,183,085 163,021 1,346,106
 Yukon YT Y.T., YK Whitehorse June 13, 1898 35,874 474,391 8,052 482,443
 Nunavut NU NV Iqaluit April 1, 1999 35,944 1,936,113 157,077 2,093,190

Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.

Municipalities[]
SK
PE
NS
NL
NU
Canadian Provinces and Territories

Municipalities of Canada

  • Cities of Canada
    • Capital of Canada: Ottawa

Demography[]

Demography of Canada

  • Canadians
  • Immigration to Canada
  • Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Demographics by political division[]

Provinces[]

Territories[]

  • Demographics of Northwest Territories
  • Demographics of Nunavut
  • Demographics of the Yukon

Government and politics[]

Politics of Canada

  • Form of government: constitutional monarchy and democratic parliamentary federation
  • Capital of Canada: Ottawa
  • Provinces and territories of Canada
  • Canadian and American politics compared
  • Canadian and Australian politics compared
  • Canadian Conservatism
  • List of Canadian federal general elections
  • Canadian Nationalism
  • Elections in Canada
  • Federalism in Canada
  • Human rights in Canada
  • Liberalism in Canada
  • Political culture of Canada
  • Political parties in Canada
  • Political scandals of Canada
  • Progressivism in Canada
  • Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada
  • Taxation in Canada

Branches of the government[]

Government of Canada

Executive branch of the government[]

Government of Canada

  • Head of government: Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
    • Cabinet of Canada (Majority government)

Legislative branch of the government[]

  • Parliament of Canada
    • The Queen
    • Senate of Canada
      • Speaker of the Senate of Canada
    • House of Commons of Canada
      • Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada

Judicial branch of the government[]

Court system of Canada

Foreign relations[]

Foreign relations of Canada

International organization membership[]

Canada is a member of:[1]

Legal system[]

Law of Canada

Military[]

Military of Canada

  • Command structure
    • Commander-in-chief: Governor General of Canada (nominally, see also The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces)
    • Prime Minister of Canada (de facto Commander-in-chief)
      • Minister of National Defence
        • Chief of the Defence Staff
          • Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), command of the Navy;
          • Canadian Army (CA) command of the Army;
          • Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), command of the Air Force.
          • Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC), responsible for all operations except special forces;
          • Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM), responsible for special forces operations within Canada and abroad.
  • Canadian Forces
    • Army: Canadian Army
    • Navy: Royal Canadian Navy
    • Air force: Royal Canadian Air Force
    • Special forces: Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
    • Military reserve force: Canadian Forces reserve force
  • Canadian Coast Guard

Provincial governments[]

Territory governments[]

  • Government of the Northwest Territories
  • Government of Nunavut
  • Government of the Yukon

Politics by political division[]

Provinces[]

Territories[]

  • Politics of Northwest Territories
  • Politics of Nunavut
  • Politics of the Yukon

History[]

  • Former Colonies and Territories in Canada
  • Constitutional history of Canada
  • History of immigration to Canada
  • Economic history of Canada
  • Fires in Canada
  • Military history of Canada
  • History of monarchy in Canada
  • Persons of National Historic Significance
  • Territorial evolution of Canada (1867–present)

History of Canada by period[]

  • Pre-Columbian era (Canada)
  • 1534–1763: New France
  • 1764-1867: Canada under British Imperial Control
  • 1867-1914: Post-Confederation Canada
  • 1914-1945: Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years
  • 1945-1960
  • 1960-1981
  • 1982-1992
  • 1992–present

History of Canada by political division[]

Provinces[]

Territories[]

  • History of Nunavut
  • History of the Northwest Territories
  • History of the Yukon

Culture[]

Culture of Canada

Culture by political division[]

Provinces[]

  • Culture of Alberta
  • Culture of British Columbia
    • Culture of Vancouver (city)
  • Culture of Manitoba
  • Culture of New Brunswick
  • Culture of Nova Scotia
  • Culture of Ontario
    • Culture of Hamilton, Ontario (city)
    • Culture of Toronto (city)
  • Culture of Prince Edward Island
  • Culture of Quebec
    • Culture of Montreal (city)
  • Culture of Saskatchewan

Territories[]

  • Culture of Nunavut
  • Culture of the Yukon

Art in Canada[]

Music[]

Music of Canada

Music by political division[]
Provinces[]
Territories[]

Religion in Canada[]

  • Religion in Canada
    • Buddhism in Canada
    • Christianity in Canada
      • Roman Catholicism in Canada
    • Hinduism in Canada
    • Islam in Canada
    • Judaism in Canada
    • Sikhism in Canada
  • Irreligion in Canada

Sport in Canada[]

Sport in Canada Official Sports

  • Ice hockey
  • Lacrosse

Other sports

  • Canadian football
  • Canada at the Olympics
  • Canada Rugby League
  • Canadian Curling Association
  • Canadian Figure Skating
  • Association Football (Soccer) in Canada
  • Cross Country Skiing
  • Snowboarding in Canada

Hall of Fame Museums

Economy and infrastructure[]

Economy of Canada

  • Tourism in Canada
    • Niagara Falls
  • Transport in Canada
    • Airports in Canada
    • Rail transport in Canada
    • Roads in Canada
  • Water supply and sanitation in Canada

Economics by political division[]

Provinces[]

  • Economy of Alberta
  • Economy of British Columbia
    • Economy of Vancouver (city)
  • Economy of Manitoba
  • Economy of New Brunswick
  • Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Economy of Ontario
    • Economy of Toronto (city)
  • Economy of Prince Edward Island
  • Economy of Quebec
  • Economy of Saskatchewan

Territories[]

  • Economy of Northwest Territories
  • Economy of Nunavut
  • Economy of the Yukon

Education in Canada[]

Education by political division[]

Provinces[]

Territories[]

  • Education in Northwest Territories

Higher Education by political division[]

Provinces[]

Territories[]

  • Higher education in Northwest Territories
  • Higher education in Nunavut
  • Higher education in the Yukon

Bibliographies[]

See also[]

Canada

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Canada". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 8, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  2. ^ "Territorial evolution". Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09. In 1867, the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are united in a federal state, the Dominion of Canada....
  3. ^ "Canada: History". Country Profiles. Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-09. The British North America Act of 1867 brought together four British colonies ... in one federal Dominion under the name of Canada.
  4. ^ Hillmer, Norman; W. David MacIntyre. "Commonwealth". Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Project. Retrieved 2007-10-09. With CONFEDERATION in 1867, Canada became the first federation in the British Empire ...
  5. ^ The total length of the land border between Canada and the United States is the longest between any two countries.
  6. ^ The coastline of Canada is the longest in the world. The total length of the coast of Canada is more than five times as long as the circumference of the Earth.
  7. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-02-08). "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data". Statistics Canada. Retrieved July 17, 2020.

External links[]

Government
Crown corporations
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