Outline of Germany

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See also: Index of Germany-related articles
The Flag of Germany
The Coat of arms of Germany
The location of Germany
An enlargeable map of the Federal Republic of Germany

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany:

Germany – federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe consisting of 16 constituent states, which retain limited sovereignty. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With more than 80 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union. Germany is a major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many cultural, theoretical and technical fields. After losing World War I, Germany fell under the control of Adolf Hitler, who started World War II. After losing World War II, Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany, each on opposite sides in the Cold War. In October 1990, after the Cold War ended, the country was reunified. Germany has since grown to become the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP.

General reference[]

An enlargeable basic map of Germany
  • Pronunciation: /ˈdʒɜːrməni/ (About this soundlisten); German: Deutschland [ˈdɔʏtʃlant] (officially the Federal Republic of Germany; German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] (About this soundlisten))
  • Common English country name: Germany
  • Official English country name: The Federal Republic of Germany
  • Common endonym(s): Deutschland
  • Official endonym(s): Bundesrepublik Deutschland
  • Adjectival(s): German
  • Demonym(s): Germans
  • Etymology: Name of Germany
  • International rankings of Germany
  • ISO country codes: DE, DEU, 276
  • ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:DE
  • Internet country code top-level domain: .de

Geography of Germany[]

An enlargeable topographic map of Germany

Geography of Germany is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate.

  • Germany is a:
    • Country
      • Developed country
    • Sovereign state
      • Member State of the European Union
  • Location:
    • Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
      • Eurasia
        • Europe
          • Central Europe
          • Western Europe
    • Time in Germany
      • Time zones:
        • Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
    • Extreme points of Germany (major towns):[1]
      • North: Westerland (on the island of Sylt at the Danish border)
      • South: Oberstdorf, town at Austria[2]
      • East: Goerlitz, town at Poland
      • West: Aachen, town at Belgium & the Netherlands
      • High: Zugspitze 2,962 m (9,718 ft)
      • Low: Neuendorf bei Wilster −3.5 m (−11 ft)
  • Coastline: 2,389 km (1,484 mi)

Neighbours of Germany[]

Land boundaries: 3,621 km (2,250 mi)

 Austria 784 km (487 mi)
 Czech Republic 646 km (401 mi)
 Netherlands 577 km (359 mi)
 Poland 456 km (283 mi)
 France 451 km (280 mi)
  Switzerland 334 km (208 mi)
 Belgium 167 km (104 mi)
 Luxembourg 138 km (86 mi)
 Denmark 68 km (42 mi)

Environment of Germany[]

An enlargeable satellite image of Germany

Geographic features of Germany[]

Administrative divisions of Germany[]

Main articles: States of Germany, Districts of Germany, and Municipalities of Germany

States of Germany[]

Germany is composed of 16 constituent states, called Bundesländer (see map on the right).

Further subdivisions[]
  • Some German states are subdivided into administrative regions, called Regierungsbezirke.
  • Germany as a whole is further composed of approx. 400 districts, separated into:
    • "Rural" districts (Landkreise or Kreise) and
    • "Urban" districts (Kreisfreie Städte or Stadtkreise)
  • Cities of Germany
  • Municipalities of Germany

Demography of Germany[]

Demographics of Germany With over 82 million inhabitants, it comprises the largest population among the member states of the European Union and is home to the third-highest number of international migrants. See more at Immigration to Germany.

Government and politics of Germany[]

Main articles: Government of Germany and Politics of Germany
  • Form of government: federal parliamentary representative democratic republic
  • Capital of Germany: Berlin
  • Former Capital of West Germany and later seat of government of the reunified Federal Republic: Bonn
  • Federal budget of Germany
  • Elections in Germany
    • Electoral reform in Germany
    • Electoral system of Germany
  • Far-right politics in Germany
  • Federalism in Germany
  • Political parties in Germany
  • Political scandals of Germany
  • Security issues in Germany
  • Taxation in Germany
    • Feed-in tariffs in Germany

Branches of the government of Germany[]

Government of Germany

Executive branch of the government of Germany[]

  • Head of state: President of Germany
  • Head of government: Chancellor of Germany
  • Cabinet of Germany

Legislative branch of the government of Germany[]

  • Parliament of Germany (bicameral)
    • Upper house: Bundesrat of Germany
    • Lower house: Bundestag

Judicial branch of the government of Germany[]

Court system of Germany

  • Supreme Court of Germany
  • Federal Administrative Court of Germany
  • Federal Constitutional Court of Germany
  • Federal Court of Justice of Germany
  • Federal Finance Court of Germany
  • Federal Labour Court of Germany
  • Federal Patent Court of Germany
  • Federal Social Court of Germany

Foreign relations of Germany[]

Foreign relations of Germany

International organization membership[]

The Federal Republic of Germany is a member of:[3]

Law and order in Germany[]

Law of Germany

  • Laws in Germany
  • Crime in Germany
  • Human rights in Germany
    • LGBT rights in Germany
      • Same-sex marriage in Germany
    • Freedom of religion in Germany
  • Law enforcement in Germany
    • National law enforcement agencies
      • Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)
      • Federal Police (Germany)
      • German Federal Coast Guard
      • GSG 9
    • Regional law enforcement agencies
      • Landespolizei – are operated by individual German states and are responsible for the bulk of police work in Germany
        • Baden-Württemberg Police
        • Bavarian State Police
        • Hesse State Police
        • North Rhine-Westphalia Police
        • Rheinland-Pfalz State Police
        • Saarland Police
      • Landespolizei forces are divided into the following operational sections:
          • Schutzpolizei – ('Schupo') The uniformed police officers who patrol the streets, respond to emergency calls, do traffic policing etc.
          • Kriminalpolizei – ('Kripo') The plain clothes detective branch of the State police, responsible for investigations. For instance, if a car is broken into, the Schupo will respond, secure the car, notify the owner etc., and then hand the case over to Kripo for investigation.
          • Einsatzhundertschaften (EHU) / Bereitschaftspolizei (BePo) – Uniformed part of the LaPo that is used when manpower is required, for example during political demonstrations.
          • Landeskriminalamt (LKA) – The State Investigation Bureau is directly subordinate to the state ministry of the interior, supervises police operations aimed at preventing and investigating criminal offences, and coordinates investigations involving more than one Präsidium.
          • Wasserschutzpolizei (WSP) – The river police for patrolling rivers, lakes and harbours.
          • Spezialeinsatzkommando (SEK) – The SWAT teams of the German state police.
          • Autobahnpolizei – The highway patrol or motorway police in Germany.

Military of Germany[]

Military of Germany

  • Command
    • Commander-in-chief:
      • Ministry of Defence of Germany
  • Bundeswehr
    • Army of Germany: Heer
    • Navy of Germany: Marine
    • Air force of Germany: Luftwaffe
    • Special forces of Germany: Kommando Spezialkräfte
  • Military history of Germany
  • Military ranks of Germany

Local government in Germany[]

History of Germany[]

Main articles: History of Germany, Timeline of German history, Germanic peoples, and Germania

History of Germany, by period[]

  • 18th-century history of Germany

Years in Germany[]

Years in Germany

1871- 1872- 1873- 1874- 1875- 1876- 1877- 1878- 1879- 1880- 1881- 1882- 1883- 1884- 1885- 1886- 1887- 1888- 1889- 1890- 1891- 1892- 1893- 1894- 1895- 1896- 1897- 1898- 1899- 1900- 1901- 1902- 1903- 1904- 1905- 1906- 1907- 1908- 1909- 1911- 1912- 1913- 1914- 1915- 1916- 1917- 1918- 1919- 1920- 1921- 1922- 1923- 1924- 1925- 1926- 1927- 1928- 1929- 1930- 1931- 1932- 1933- 1934- 1935- 1936- 1937- 1938- 1939- 1940- 1941- 1942- 1943- 1944- 1945- 1946- 1947- 1948- 1949- 1950- 1951- 1952- 1953- 1954- 1955- 1956- 1957- 1958- 1959- 1960- 1961- 1962- 1963- 1964- 1965- 1966- 1967- 1968- 1969- 1970- 1971- 1972- 1973- 1974- 1975- 1976- 1977- 1978- 1979- 1980- 1981- 1982- 1983- 1984- 1985- 1986- 1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019

History of Germany, by region[]

History of Germany, by subject[]

Culture of Germany[]

Culture of Germany

Old Town of Regensburg (UNESCO world heritage)
The Oktoberfest in Munich is the world's largest fair

Art in Germany[]

  • Art in Germany
  • Cinema of Germany
  • Cuisine of Germany
  • Fashion of Germany
  • Literature of Germany
  • Made in Germany

Music of Germany[]

Music of Germany

People of Germany[]

Religion and belief systems in Germany[]

Cologne Cathedral
  • Irreligion in Germany
  • Religion in Germany
    • Freedom of religion in Germany
    • Religions in Germany
      • Buddhism in Germany
      • Christianity in Germany
        • Catholicism in Germany
        • Protestantism in Germany
          • Evangelical Church in Germany
      • Hinduism in Germany
      • Islam in Germany
      • Judaism in Germany
        • History of the Jews in Germany
      • Sikhism in Germany
      • Scientology in Germany

Sports in Germany[]

Sports in Germany

Economy and infrastructure of Germany[]

Economy of Germany Germany was the third largest exporter of goods in 2017. In absolute terms, Germany allocates the second biggest annual budget of development aid in the world,[4] while its military expenditure ranked sixth.[5] The country has developed a high standard of living and established a comprehensive system of social security.

Euro banknotes

Energy in Germany[]

Energy in Germany

Education in Germany[]

Education in Germany

  • Academic achievement among different groups in Germany
  • Academic grading in Germany
  • Academic ranks in Germany
  • Science and technology in Germany
    • List of German inventors and discoverers
  • Universities in Germany
  • List of schools in Germany
  • Music schools in Germany
  • State libraries of Germany
  • Student loans in Germany

Health in Germany[]

Health in Germany

See also[]

Germany

References[]

  1. ^ Map of Germany, SitesAtlas.com, 2009, web: SitA-511.
  2. ^ "Ryan Jahnke Online", FigureskatersOnline.com, 2009, web: FSO-RJah.
  3. ^ "Germany". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  4. ^ Germany world's second biggest aid donor after US TopNews, India, Retrieved 2008, 04-10.
  5. ^ "The fifteen major spenders in 2006". Recent trends in military expenditure. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2007-08-23.

External links[]

Wikimedia Atlas of Germany

General

Facts and figures

Travel

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