Outline of World War I
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I:
World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers,[1] which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred on the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred on the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy).[2] More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history.[3][4] More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of great technological advances in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. It was the sixth deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.[5]
Nature of World War I[]
World War I can be described as all of the following:
- War
- Total war
- World war
World War I was further characterized by the following types of warfare:
- Aerial warfare
- Armoured warfare
- Asymmetric warfare
- Attrition warfare
- Chemical warfare
- Early modern warfare or modern warfare
- Ground warfare
- Naval warfare
- Submarine warfare
- Trench warfare
Causes of World War I[]
Long term influences leading to World War I[]
- Imperialism
- Militarism
- Nationalism
- Russia and Siberia
- Destabilizing European balance of power
- Franco–Prussian War (1870–1871) – brought the establishment of a powerful and dynamic Germany, causing what was seen as a displacement or unbalancing of power
- Balkanization
- Tensions between Austria and Serbia
- May Overthrow
- Pig War
- Bosnian crisis
- Tensions between France and Germany
- Tensions between Russia and Austria
- Tensions between the United Kingdom and Germany
- Tensions between Italy and Austria
- Web of alliances
- Diplomatic history of World War I
- Triple Entente
- Triple Alliance (1882)
- Treaty of London, 1839, about the neutrality of Belgium
- Dual Alliance
- German-Austrian treaty (1879) or
- Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)
- Entente Cordiale between France and the British
- Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907
- German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912
- Cult of the offensive – Considerations of the advantage of striking first.
Short term influences leading to World War I[]
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
- July Crisis
- French entry into World War I
- German entry into World War I
- Japanese entry into World War I
Participants in World War I[]
World War I was fought between the Allies and the Central Powers.
The Central Powers (Triple Alliance (1882))[]
German Empire
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire
The Allies (Triple Entente)[]
Main Allied countries[]
French Third Republic (including French colonial forces)
Russian Empire (until March 1917),
Russian Republic (until November 1917)
Kingdom of Serbia
British Empire and Great Britain
Canada
Kingdom of Italy (April 1915 and after) (including Italian colonial forces)
Kingdom of Belgium (including Belgian colonial forces)
United States of America, American entry into World War I (1917 and after)
Other military allies[]
Other states that had military participation:
Kingdom of Montenegro
Empire of Japan
Portuguese Republic (March 1916 and after) (including Portuguese colonial forces)
Kingdom of Romania (August 1916 – May 1918)
Kingdom of Greece (November 1916 for the Government of National Defence; June 1917 for the whole country)
Albania
Brazil (October 1917 and after)
Armenia (May 1918 and after)
Czechoslovakia – See Czechoslovak Legions
Finland (October 1918 and after)
Nepal (soldiers served under the British Indian Army)
Kingdom of Siam
San Marino (June 1915 and after)
Nominal Allies[]
States that declared war, but had no military involvement:
Andorra
Bolivia (April 1917 and after)
China (August 1917 and after)
Costa Rica (May 1918 and after)
Cuba (April 1917 and after)
Ecuador (December 1917 and after)
Guatemala (April 1918 and after)
Liberia (August 1917 and after)
Haiti (July 1918 and after)
Honduras (July 1918 and after)
Nicaragua (May 1918 and after)
Panama (December 1917 and after)
Peru (October 1917 and after)
Uruguay (October 1917 and after)
Conduct of the war[]
- Allied declarations of war
- British propaganda during World War I
- Convoys in World War I
- German occupation of Luxembourg in World War I
- Roosevelt's World War I volunteers
- Strategic bombing during World War I
- World War I conscription in Australia
- World War I naval arms race
- United States Navy operations during World War I
- Military engagements of World War I
World War I by region[]
World War I theatres, fronts, and campaigns[]
- Western Front (World War I)
- Eastern Front (World War I)
- West Africa Campaign (World War I)
- East African Campaign (World War I)
- Italian Campaign (World War I)
- Sinai and Palestine Campaign
- Caucasus Campaign
- Mesopotamian Campaign
- Gallipoli Campaign
- Attacks on North America during World War I
[]
- Battle of the Atlantic (1914-1918)
- Adriatic Campaign of World War I
- Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign
- Blockade of Germany
World War I by country[]
Central Powers[]
- Austria-Hungary during World War I
- Hungary in World War I
- Poland during World War I
- Bulgaria during World War I
- Germany during World War I
- German East Africa during World War I
- Poland during World War I
- Ottoman Empire during World War I
- Aliyah and yishuv during World War I
- Armenia in World War I
- Western Armenia
- Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
- Armenian notables deported from Constantinople in 1915
- Armenian genocide
- See also Armenian genocide recognition
- Armenian resistance (1914–1918)
- Administration for Western Armenia
- Armenian irregular units
- Administration for Western Armenia
- Armenian volunteer units
- Armenian casualties during World War I
- Seyfo
- Greek genocide
- Deportations of Kurds (1916–1934)
- Prosecution of Ottoman war criminals
Allies[]
Main allies[]
- Bulgaria during World War I
- Serbia during World War I
- France during World War I
- Summary
- French foreign policy and the outbreak of the First World War
- French Army in World War I
- French villages destroyed in the First World War
- Russia during World War I – food shortages in the major urban centres, and poor morale due to lost battles and heavy losses sustained, brought about civil unrest which led to the February Revolution, the abdication of the Tsar, and the end of the Russian Empire.
- Russian Revolution (1917) – end of Imperial Russia
- February Revolution –
- October Revolution – beginning of the Soviet Union
- Poland during World War I
- Finland during World War I
- Grand Duchy of Finland
- Finnish Declaration of Independence
- Ukraine during World War I
- Russian Revolution (1917) – end of Imperial Russia
- British Empire during World War I
- United Kingdom during World War I
- Australia during World War I
- Australian women during World War I
- India in World War I
- Canada during World War I
- Newfoundland during World War I
- New Zealand in World War I
- South Africa in World War I
- Southern Rhodesia in World War I
- Hong Kong during World War I
- Italy in World War I
- United States in World War I
Other allies[]
- Albania during World War I
- Brazil during World War I
- Czechoslovaks in World War I
- Czechoslovak Legions
- Greece during World War I
- Japan during World War I
- Montenegro during World War I
- Nepal during World War I
- Portugal during World War I
- Romania during World War I
- Siam during World War I
Nominal allies[]
- China during World War I
- Cuba during World War I
- Haiti during World War I
- Honduras during World War I
World War I impact on neutral countries[]
- Norway in World War I
- Mexico in World War I
- Ireland and World War I
- Montserrat in World War I
- Spain in World War I
- Switzerland during the World Wars
- Vietnam during World War I
- Afghanistan Afghanistan – received a German diplomatic mission trying to convince it to act against the British in India
- Argentina – Ally to US by treaty (see ABC countries for more information)
- Bhutan
- Chile – Ally to US by treaty (see ABC countries for more information)
- Colombia
- Denmark – Traded with both sides.
- El Salvador
- Ethiopian Empire – received a German diplomatic mission trying to convince it to act against the British in Africa
- Liechtenstein – Had a customs and monetary union with Austria-Hungary.
- Luxembourg – Never declared war on the Central Powers despite being invaded and occupied by Germany.
- Mongolia -
- Mexico- Declined an alliance with Germany (see Zimmermann Telegram). An ally to the United States by treaty (see ABC countries).
- Netherlands Netherlands – An ally of the United Kingdom by treaty. Traded with both sides.
- Norway – Gave naval assistance to the United Kingdom.
- Paraguay
- Persia – Occupied by British and Russian troops.
- Spain Spain – Also treaty bound ally to the United Kingdom.
- Sweden during World War I – Financially supported Germany.
- Switzerland – Switzerland did declare a "state of siege".
- Venezuela – Supplied the Allies with oil.
People in World War I[]
Leaders in World War I[]
Military forces of World War I[]
- Category:World War I flying aces
- List of World War I flying aces
- List of British armies in World War I
- List of British corps in World War I
- List of British divisions in World War I
- List of Indian divisions in World War I
- Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
- German Army (German Empire)
- Royal Serbian Army
Technology during World War I[]
Equipment of World War I[]
Vehicles of World War I[]
- List of military aircraft of Central Powers in WWI
- List of military aircraft of Entente Powers in WWI
- List of aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps
- List of aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service
- List of military aircraft of Germany#Before 1919
Weapons of World War I[]
Common military awards[]
Russian Empire[]
- Cross of St. George
- Order of St. George
- Order of Saint Vladimir
- Order of Saint Anna
United States[]
- Medal of Honor
- Silver Star
- Bronze Star
- Distinguished Flying Cross
- Air Medal
- World War I Victory Medal
- Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
- European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
- American Campaign Medal
British Empire[]
- Victoria Cross
- Air Force Cross, from June 1918
- Order of the Bath
- Order of the British Empire
- Distinguished Flying Cross
- 1914 Star
- Pacific Star
France and Belgium[]
Imperial Germany[]
- Iron Cross
- Pour le Mérite also known as the "Blue Max"
- House Order of Hohenzollern
- Order of the Red Eagle
Kingdom of Serbia[]
Austria-Hungary[]
- Military Order of Maria Theresa
- Military Merit Cross
The end of World War I[]
- Armistice of Mudros (October 30, 1918) – surrender of the Ottoman Empire
- Armistice of Villa Giusti (November 3, 1918) – surrender of Austria-Hungary
- Armistice with Germany (November 11, 1918) – surrender of Germany
Aftermath of World War I[]
- World War I reparations
- Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into several successor states:
- Czechoslovakia
- Yugoslavia
- First Republic of Austria
- Hungarian Democratic Republic
- Second Polish Republic
- Cession by Austria-Hungary of Transylvania and Bukovina to Romania.
- Cession by Austria-Hungary of the southern half of the County of Tyrol and Trieste to Italy
- Establishment of the First Republic of Armenia
- Further Balkanization
- World War II
- World War I was one of the main causes of World War II
[]
- List of books about World War I
- List of World War I films
- World War I in literature
- World War I in popular culture
Non-fiction[]
Fiction[]
World War I remembered[]
- World War I reenactment
- WWI memorials
- World War I Memorial (Berwick, Pennsylvania)
- World War I Memorial (Atlantic City, New Jersey)
- World War I Memorial (East Providence, Rhode Island)
- WWI veterans
See also[]
- Outline of war
- Outline of World War II
References[]
- ^ Willmott 2003, pp. 10–11
- ^ Willmott 2003, p. 15
- ^ Keegan 1988, p. 8
- ^ Bade & Brown 2003, pp. 167–168
- ^ Willmott 2003, p. 307
Further reading[]
- Bond, Brian. "The First World War" in C. L. Mowat, ed. The New Cambridge Modern History: Vol. XII: The Shifting Balance of World Forces 1898-1945 (2nd ed. 1968) online pp 171–208.
External links[]
- The War to End All Wars on BBC
- WWI Service Questionnaires at Gettysburg College
- A multimedia history of World War I
- The Heritage of the Great War, Netherlands
- Collection of World War I Color Photographs
- The Commonwealth War Graves Commission
- Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and the First World War
- World War I : Soldiers Remembered Presented by the Washington State Library and Washington State Archives
- The World War I Document Archive Wiki
- World War I
- Outlines of wars
- Wikipedia outlines