Paliperidone palmitate

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Paliperidone palmitate
Paliperidone palmitate.svg
Clinical data
Trade namesInvega Hayfera, Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza, others
Other namesPP; PP1M; PP3M; PP6M; JNS-010; RO-92670; RO92670
MedlinePlusa607005
License data
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular
Drug classAtypical antipsychotic
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: ℞-only [1][2][3]
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • [3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl] hexadecanoate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.208.402 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC39H57FN4O4
Molar mass664.907 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CCCN2C1=NC(=C(C2=O)CCN3CCC(CC3)C4=NOC5=C4C=CC(=C5)F)C
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C39H57FN4O4/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18-36(45)47-34-17-16-24-44-38(34)41-29(2)32(39(44)46)23-27-43-25-21-30(22-26-43)37-33-20-19-31(40)28-35(33)48-42-37/h19-20,28,30,34H,3-18,21-27H2,1-2H3
  • Key:VOMKSBFLAZZBOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Paliperidone palmitate (PP), sold under the brand name Invega Sustenna among others, is an atypical antipsychotic which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.[1][4][5] It is an antipsychotic ester – specifically the palmitate ester of paliperidone – and acts as a long-lasting prodrug of paliperidone.[5] Paliperidone palmitate is formulated as a nanocrystalline aqueous suspension and is administered by intramuscular injection into deltoid or gluteal muscle once every 1 or 3 months depending on the formulation.[5][6][4] A formulation for injection once every 6 months is also pending regulatory approval as of September 2021.[4][7]

With the once-monthly formulation of paliperidone palmitate, the time to peak is 13 days and the elimination half-life is 25 to 49 days, and with the 3-month formulation, the time to peak is 30 to 33 days and the half-life is 84 to 95 days via deltoid muscle and 118 to 139 days gluteally.[8] The peak-to-trough ratio of paliperidone palmitate at steady state ranges from 1.56 to 1.70 with the 1- and 3-month formulations.[8] The 3-month formulation of paliperidone palmitate has larger crystal sizes than the 1-month formulation and this allows for its longer duration.[9] No pharmacokinetic data for the 6-month formulation has been released as of January 2021.[9]

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Pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable antipsychotics
Medication Brand name Class Vehicle Dosage Tmax t1/2 single t1/2 multiple logPc Ref
Aripiprazole lauroxil Aristada Atypical Watera 441–1064 mg/4–8 weeks 24–35 days ? 54–57 days 7.9–10.0
Aripiprazole monohydrate Abilify Maintena Atypical Watera 300–400 mg/4 weeks 7 days ? 30–47 days 4.9–5.2
Bromperidol decanoate Impromen Decanoas Typical Sesame oil 40–300 mg/4 weeks 3–9 days ? 21–25 days 7.9 [10]
Clopentixol decanoate Sordinol Depot Typical Viscoleob 50–600 mg/1–4 weeks 4–7 days ? 19 days 9.0 [11]
Flupentixol decanoate Depixol Typical Viscoleob 10–200 mg/2–4 weeks 4–10 days 8 days 17 days 7.2–9.2 [11][12]
Fluphenazine decanoate Prolixin Decanoate Typical Sesame oil 12.5–100 mg/2–5 weeks 1–2 days 1–10 days 14–100 days 7.2–9.0 [13][14][15]
Fluphenazine enanthate Prolixin Enanthate Typical Sesame oil 12.5–100 mg/1–4 weeks 2–3 days 4 days ? 6.4–7.4 [14]
Fluspirilene Imap, Redeptin Typical Watera 2–12 mg/1 week 1–8 days 7 days ? 5.2–5.8 [16]
Haloperidol decanoate Haldol Decanoate Typical Sesame oil 20–400 mg/2–4 weeks 3–9 days 18–21 days 7.2–7.9 [17][18]
Olanzapine pamoate Zyprexa Relprevv Atypical Watera 150–405 mg/2–4 weeks 7 days ? 30 days –
Oxyprothepin decanoate Meclopin Typical ? ? ? ? ? 8.5–8.7
Paliperidone palmitate Invega Sustenna Atypical Watera 39–819 mg/4–12 weeks 13–33 days 25–139 days ? 8.1–10.1
Perphenazine decanoate Trilafon Dekanoat Typical Sesame oil 50–200 mg/2–4 weeks ? ? 27 days 8.9
Perphenazine enanthate Trilafon Enanthate Typical Sesame oil 25–200 mg/2 weeks 2–3 days ? 4–7 days 6.4–7.2 [19]
Pipotiazine palmitate Piportil Longum Typical Viscoleob 25–400 mg/4 weeks 9–10 days ? 14–21 days 8.5–11.6 [12]
Pipotiazine undecylenate Piportil Medium Typical Sesame oil 100–200 mg/2 weeks ? ? ? 8.4
Risperidone Risperdal Consta Atypical Microspheres 12.5–75 mg/2 weeks 21 days ? 3–6 days –
Zuclopentixol acetate Clopixol Acuphase Typical Viscoleob 50–200 mg/1–3 days 1–2 days 1–2 days 4.7–4.9
Zuclopentixol decanoate Clopixol Depot Typical Viscoleob 50–800 mg/2–4 weeks 4–9 days ? 11–21 days 7.5–9.0
Note: All by intramuscular injection. Footnotes: a = Microcrystalline or nanocrystalline aqueous suspension. b = Low-viscosity vegetable oil (specifically fractionated coconut oil with medium-chain triglycerides). c = Predicted, from PubChem and DrugBank. Sources: Main: See template.

References[]

  1. ^ a b "Invega Sustenna- paliperidone palmitate injection". DailyMed. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  2. ^ "Invega Trinza- paliperidone palmitate injection, suspension, extended release". DailyMed. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  3. ^ "Invega Hafyera- paliperidone palmitate injection, suspension, extended release". DailyMed. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Paliperidone palmitate - Johnson & Johnson - AdisInsight".
  5. ^ a b c Chue P, Chue J (December 2012). "A review of paliperidone palmitate". Expert Rev Neurother. 12 (12): 1383–97. doi:10.1586/ern.12.137. PMID 23237346. S2CID 36437470.
  6. ^ Edinoff AN, Doppalapudi PK, Orellana C, Ochoa C, Patti S, Ghaffar Y, Cornett EM, Kaye AJ, Viswanath O, Urits I, Kaye AM, Kaye AD (2021). "Paliperidone 3-Month Injection for Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review". Front Psychiatry. 12: 699748. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699748. PMC 8490677. PMID 34621193.
  7. ^ Peitl, Vjekoslav; Vlahović, Darko (1 June 2021). "Paliperidone Palmitate 6-month (PP6M)". Archives of Psychiatry Research. 57 (2): 229–232. doi:10.20471/dec.2021.57.02.13. eISSN 2671-2008. ISSN 2671-1079. S2CID 236334797.
  8. ^ a b Correll CU, Kim E, Sliwa JK, Hamm W, Gopal S, Mathews M, Venkatasubramanian R, Saklad SR (January 2021). "Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview". CNS Drugs. 35 (1): 39–59. doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00779-5. PMC 7873121. PMID 33507525.
  9. ^ a b Schoretsanitis G, Baumann P, Conca A, Dietmaier O, Giupponi G, Gründer G, Hahn M, Hart X, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Kuzin M, Mössner R, Piacentino D, Steimer W, Zernig G, Hiemke C (February 2021). "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Drugs". Ther Drug Monit. 43 (1): 79–102. doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000830. PMID 33196621. S2CID 226988084.
  10. ^ Parent M, Toussaint C, Gilson H (1983). "Long-term treatment of chronic psychotics with bromperidol decanoate: clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation". Current Therapeutic Research. 34 (1): 1–6.
  11. ^ a b Jørgensen A, Overø KF (1980). "Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. III. Serum levels". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 279: 41–54. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07082.x. PMID 6931472.
  12. ^ a b Reynolds JE (1993). "Anxiolytic sedatives, hypnotics and neuroleptics.". Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (30th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. pp. 364–623.
  13. ^ Ereshefsky L, Saklad SR, Jann MW, Davis CM, Richards A, Seidel DR (May 1984). "Future of depot neuroleptic therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 45 (5 Pt 2): 50–9. PMID 6143748.
  14. ^ a b Curry SH, Whelpton R, de Schepper PJ, Vranckx S, Schiff AA (April 1979). "Kinetics of fluphenazine after fluphenazine dihydrochloride, enanthate and decanoate administration to man". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 7 (4): 325–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00941.x. PMC 1429660. PMID 444352.
  15. ^ Young D, Ereshefsky L, Saklad SR, Jann MW, Garcia N (1984). Explaining the pharmacokinetics of fluphenazine through computer simulations. (Abstract.). 19th Annual Midyear Clinical Meeting of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Dallas, Texas.
  16. ^ Janssen PA, Niemegeers CJ, Schellekens KH, Lenaerts FM, Verbruggen FJ, van Nueten JM, et al. (November 1970). "The pharmacology of fluspirilene (R 6218), a potent, long-acting and injectable neuroleptic drug". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 20 (11): 1689–98. PMID 4992598.
  17. ^ Beresford R, Ward A (January 1987). "Haloperidol decanoate. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in psychosis". Drugs. 33 (1): 31–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-198733010-00002. PMID 3545764.
  18. ^ Reyntigens AJ, Heykants JJ, Woestenborghs RJ, Gelders YG, Aerts TJ (1982). "Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate. A 2-year follow-up". International Pharmacopsychiatry. 17 (4): 238–46. doi:10.1159/000468580. PMID 7185768.
  19. ^ Larsson M, Axelsson R, Forsman A (1984). "On the pharmacokinetics of perphenazine: a clinical study of perphenazine enanthate and decanoate". Current Therapeutic Research. 36 (6): 1071–88.

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