Posey County, Indiana

Posey County
U.S. county
Posey County Courthouse in Mount Vernon
Location within the U.S. state of Indiana
Indiana's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°01′N 87°52′W / 38.02°N 87.86°W / 38.02; -87.86
Country	United States
State	Indiana
Founded	11 November 1814
Named for	Thomas Posey
Seat	Mount Vernon
Largest city	Mount Vernon
Area
• Total	419.32 sq mi (1,086.0 km2)
• Land	409.57 sq mi (1,060.8 km2)
• Water	9.75 sq mi (25.3 km2)
Population
• Estimate  (2018)	25,540
• Density	62.4/sq mi (24.1/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	8th
Website	www.poseycountyin.gov
Indiana county number 65 Southernmost county in Indiana Westernmost county in Indiana Lowest point in Indiana located at County's southwestern tip.

Posey County is the southwesternmost and westernmost county in the U.S. state of Indiana. Its southern border is formed by the Ohio River, and its western border by the Wabash River, a tributary to the Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 25,910.^[1] The county seat (and the county's only incorporated city) is Mount Vernon.^[2]

Posey County is part of the Evansville, IN–KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Ports of Indiana-Mt. Vernon, on the Ohio River, is the seventh largest inland port complex in the nation.

History[]

After the American Revolutionary War, Posey County was originally considered part of the Northwest Territory, organized in 1787 by the new United States. As part of the Indiana Territory, it was organized in November 1814 from Gibson and Warrick counties. It was named for Revolutionary War Gen. Thomas Posey, who was then serving as Governor of the Territory.^[3] Mount Vernon was designated as the county seat in 1825. Its port on the Ohio River continues to be integral to the economy of the state and county.

Like other parts of southern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, Posey County was first settled by people from the Upper South, many of whom arrived via the Ohio River. Farming was the primary development at first. In the mid- to late 19th century, the county received many German immigrants. The river port had rougher areas of vice, and a higher population of single men, as was typical. African Americans were among the men who worked on ships and at the port.

Lynchings[]

In October 1878, a mob of 200–300 whites lynched five African-American men, taking them from jail in Mount Vernon, the county seat, and hanging them from trees on the county courthouse grounds. The mob then shot the bodies many times. Four of the men had been indicted as suspects in the rape of three white prostitutes, while the fifth man was killed because he had fatally shot a deputy who tried to arrest his son. Before they left, the mob killed two more African Americans, throwing one to his death into a train's steam engine. This was the largest recorded lynching of African Americans in Indiana's history. No one in the mob was prosecuted, and at each court session for the next three years, the prosecutor asked the judge to "set the case over to the next session". A grand jury was called to investigate the mob action, but with an election pending for the prosecuting attorney, no one was ever indicted. Following years of research, Posey County judge Jim Redwine wrote a novel, Judge Lynch! (2008), based on the events. Redwine sometimes lectures on the riot, inviting his audience to imagine how they would have acted and stressing the injustice done to the African Americans who were denied the right to a fair trial.^[4][5]

Mechanization of dock technology has altered the number of workers at the port, but Posey County is still the seventh-largest internal port in the United States, based on the tons of materials handled. Grain from the Midwest is among the products shipped.

Geography[]

The low rolling hills of SW Indiana are carved by drainages; the Black River flows southwestward through the county's upper portion, discharging into the Wabash River north of New Harmony. Rush Creek drains the county's central portion, flowing westward to discharge into the Wabash in Harmonie State Park. The area is largely cleared and devoted to agriculture or urban use, although the drainages and lowlands are still wooded or brush-filled.^[6]

According to the 2010 United States Census, the county has a total area of 419.32 square miles (1,086.0 km²), of which 409.57 square miles (1,060.8 km²) (or 97.67%) is land and 9.75 square miles (25.3 km²) (or 2.33%) is water.^[7] The lowest point in the state of Indiana is located on the Ohio River in Posey County, where the Wabash River flows into it, and Posey County's highest point (590 feet/180 meters ASL) is a small rise 1.6 miles (2.6 km) SSW from Saint Wendel, near the county's southeast corner.^[8] Posey county lies at the tripoint of Indiana, Kentucky and Illinois.

Adjacent counties[]

Cities and towns[]

Townships[]

Unincorporated places[]

Protected areas[]

• Harmonie State Park
• Wabash Lowlands Wetland Conservation Area^[6]

Transportation[]

Major highways[]

Railroads[]

• CSX Transportation
• Evansville Western Railway

River ports[]

• Ports of Indiana-Mt. Vernon is "the 7th largest inland port [complex] in the United States and serves as a major multi-modal hub for the region." It handles more than 4 million trip tons of cargo annually. Southwind Maritime Center is the name of a related port facility, now considered within the complex. This port facility is important to the economy of the state of Indiana as well as to Posey County. It handles shipping of grain, grain products, coal, fertilizer, cement and minerals, from a region that produces a large amount of grain. This is the largest public port within 175 miles of the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.^[10]

Climate and weather[]

Mount Vernon, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     3.4     38 23     3.2     44 26     4.6     54 35     4.4     65 45     5.4     75 55     4     84 64     4.1     87 68     3     86 65     2.7     80 58     2.9     69 46     4.4     55 37     3.7     43 27 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches Source: The Weather Channel[11]
showMetric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     86     3 −5     80     7 −3     116     12 2     111     18 7     137     24 13     103     29 18     104     31 20     77     30 18     67     27 14     74     21 8     110     13 3     94     6 −3 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in Mount Vernon have ranged from a low of 23 °F (−5 °C) in January to a high of 87 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −21 °F (−29 °C) was recorded in January 1912 and a record high of 109 °F (43 °C) was recorded in July 1901. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.65 inches (67 mm) in September to 5.38 inches (137 mm) in May.^[11]

Government[]

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from single-member districts of roughly equal population in the county. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.^[12][13]

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is a three-person board of commissioners, who are elected at-large (county-wide), to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.^[12][13]

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that handles civil cases. The court judge is elected to a four-year term and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable, who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.^[13]

County Officials: Other county elected offices include sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk Each serves a four-year term. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.^[13]

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1820	4,061		—
1830	6,549		61.3%
1840	9,683		47.9%
1850	12,549		29.6%
1860	16,167		28.8%
1870	19,185		18.7%
1880	20,857		8.7%
1890	21,529		3.2%
1900	22,333		3.7%
1910	21,670		−3.0%
1920	19,334		−10.8%
1930	17,853		−7.7%
1940	19,183		7.4%
1950	19,818		3.3%
1960	19,214		−3.0%
1970	21,740		13.1%
1980	26,414		21.5%
1990	25,968		−1.7%
2000	27,061		4.2%
2010	25,910		−4.3%
2018 (est.)	25,540	[15]	−1.4%
US Decennial Census[16] 1790-1960[17] 1900-1990[18] 1990-2000[19] 2010-2013[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 25,910 people, 10,171 households, and 7,442 families in the county.^[20] The population density was 63.3 inhabitants per square mile (24.4/km²). There were 11,207 housing units at an average density of 27.4 per square mile (10.6/km²).^[7] The racial makeup of the county was 97.2% white, 0.9% black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.0% of the population.^[20] In terms of ancestry, 43.6% were German, 13.6% were American, 11.6% were Irish, and 11.2% were English.^[21]

Of the 10,171 households, 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 26.8% were non-families, and 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 41.6 years.^[20]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $68,722. Males had a median income of $55,786 versus $32,747 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,727. About 6.0% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.^[22]

Education[]

• Mount Vernon High School - Mt. Vernon
• North Posey High School - Poseyville

Tourism & recreation[]

Representation in other media[]

• Posey County Judge James M. Redwine wrote a novel, Judge Lynch! (2008), based on the 1878 lynchings of seven African-American men in Mt. Vernon.^[5][23]

See also[]

• Erie Canal Soda Pop Festival - Griffin, Indiana.
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Posey County, Indiana

References[]

External links[]

• Official website
• Posey County, Indiana at Curlie

Coordinates: 38°01′N 87°52′W / 38.02°N 87.86°W / 38.02; -87.86