Tick–tock model

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tick–tock was a production model adopted in 2007 by chip manufacturer Intel. Under this model, every microarchitecture change (tock) was followed by a die shrink of the process technology (tick). It was replaced by the process–architecture–optimization model, which was announced in 2016 and is like a tick–tock cycle followed by an optimization phase. As a general engineering model, tick–tock is a model that refreshes one side of a binary system each release cycle.

History[]

Every "tick" represented a shrinking of the process technology of the previous microarchitecture (sometimes introducing new instructions, as with Broadwell, released in late 2014) and every "tock" designated a new microarchitecture.[1] These occurred roughly every year to 18 months.[2] In 2014, Intel created a "tock refresh" of a tock in the form of a smaller update to the microarchitecture[3] not considered a new generation in and of itself.

In March 2016, Intel announced in a Form 10-K report that it deprecated the tick–tock cycle in favor of a three-step process–architecture–optimization model, under which three generations of processors are produced under a single manufacturing process, with the third generation out of three focusing on optimization.[4] The first optimization of the Skylake architecture was Kaby Lake. Intel then announced a second optimization, Coffee Lake,[5] making a total of four generations at 14 nm.[6]

Roadmap[]

Pentium 4 / Core roadmap[]

Change
(step) 		Fabri­cation
process 		Micro-
architecture 		Code names
for step 		Intel
Generation
Desktop 		Intel
Generation
Xeon 		Intel Microcode
shortcut(s)
Desktop/WS[7][8] 		Intel Microcode
shortcut(s)
Xeon/Server 		Release
date 		Processors
8P/4P Server 4P/2P Server/WS Embedded Xeon 1P Xeon Enthusiast/WS Desktop Mobile
Tick
(new fabrica-
tion process) 		65 nm P6, NetBurst Presler,
Cedar Mill,
Yonah 		1995-11-1 (P6),
2000-11-20 (Netburst) 		Presler Cedar Mill Yonah
Tock
(new micro-
architecture) 		Core Merom[9] 2006-07-27[10][11] Tigerton Woodcrest
Clovertown 		Kentsfield Conroe Merom
Tick 45 nm Penryn 2007-11-11[12] Dunnington Harpertown Yorkfield Wolfdale Penryn
Tock Nehalem Nehalem 1 N/A NHM[13] N/A 2008-11-17[14] Beckton Gainestown Lynnfield Bloomfield Lynnfield Clarksfield
Tick 32 nm Westmere 1 N/A WSM[13] N/A 2010-01-04[15][16] Westmere-EX Westmere-EP Gulftown Clarkdale Arrandale
Tock Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge 2 1 SNB JKT (Jaketown) 2011-01-09[17] (Skipped)[18] Sandy Bridge-EP Gladden Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge-E Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge-M
Tick 22 nm[19] Ivy Bridge 3 2 IVB IVT (Ivytown) 2012-04-29 Ivy Bridge-EX[20] Ivy Bridge-EP[20] Gladden Ivy Bridge Ivy Bridge-E[21] Ivy Bridge Ivy Bridge-M
Tock Haswell Haswell 4 3 HSW, CRW (Crystal Well)
with Iris Pro[22][23] 		HSX 2013-06-02 Haswell-EX Haswell-EP N/A Haswell-DT Haswell-E Haswell-DT[24] Haswell-MB (notebooks)
Haswell-LP (ultrabooks)[24]
Refresh Haswell Refresh,
Devil's Canyon[25] 		4 N/A HSW, CRW (Crystal Well)
with Iris Pro[22][23] 		N/A 2014-05-11,
2014-06-02 		No server version released Devil's Canyon No mobile version
released
Tick 14 nm[19] Broadwell[26] 5 4 BDW BDX 2014-09-05 Broadwell-EX[27] Broadwell-EP[27] Broadwell-DE Broadwell-DT Broadwell-E Broadwell-DT Broadwell-H
Broadwell-U
Broadwell-Y
Tock Skylake[26] Skylake[26] 6 5 SKL SKX 2015-08-05[28] Skylake-SP Skylake-DE Skylake-DT/H Skylake-X Skylake Skylake-H
Skylake-U
Skylake-Y
Optimizations
(refreshes)
[4][29][30][31] 		Kaby Lake[32] 7 6 KBL N/A 2017-01-03[33] Only 1P server (Xeon E3) version released Kaby Lake-DT/H
cores: 4 (4/8) 		Kaby Lake-X[34] Kaby Lake Kaby Lake-H
Kaby Lake-U
Kaby Lake-Y
Kaby Lake R[35][36] 8 N/A KBL-R N/A 2017-08-21[36] Only mobile version released Kaby Lake R
Coffee Lake 8, 9[37] E-2xxx CFL N/A 2017-10-05[38] Cascade Lake-SP
Cooper Lake (Q2'20) 		Cascade Lake-AP Coffee Lake-DT/H
cores: 6 (12) 		Skylake-X Refresh Coffee Lake-S
Coffee Lake-R 		Coffee Lake-H
Coffee Lake-U
Coffee Lake-H Refresh
Whiskey Lake,
Amber Lake[39] 		8 N/A WHL
AML 		N/A 2018-08-28[39] Only mobile version released Whiskey Lake-U
Amber Lake-Y
Comet Lake[40] 10 N/A CML N/A 2019-08-21[40] No server version released Comet Lake-W Comet Lake-S Comet Lake-H
Comet Lake-U
Architecture Cypress Cove[41] Rocket Lake[41] 11 N/A N/A N/A 2021-03-30[42] Rocket Lake-S
Process / Architecture 10 nm
and
Intel 7 		Palm Cove Cannon Lake 8 N/A CNL N/A 2018-05-16[43] Only mobile version released Cannon Lake-U
Architecture Sunny Cove Ice Lake[44] 10 N/A ICL N/A 2019-08-01[45] Ice Lake-SP (1H21)[46] Ice Lake-U
Ice Lake-Y
Optimizations[31] Willow Cove Tiger Lake[31] 11 N/A TGL N/A 2020-09-02[47] Only mobile version released Tiger Lake-H35
Tiger Lake-UP3
Tiger Lake-UP4
Golden Cove Alder Lake 12 N/A ADL N/A 2021-11-04 No server version released Alder Lake
Sapphire Rapids[48] N/A N/A N/A N/A 2022 Sapphire Rapids (2022) Only server / WS version released
Raptor Cove Raptor Lake 13 N/A N/A N/A 2022
Emerald Rapids N/A N/A N/A N/A 2023
Process / Architecture Intel 4
and
Intel 3[49] 		Redwood Cove Meteor Lake[50] 14 N/A N/A N/A 2023
Granite Rapids[51] N/A N/A N/A N/A 2023
Architecture Lion Cove Arrow Lake 15 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Optimization Lunar Lake 16 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Process / Architecture Intel 20A
and
Intel 18A[49] 		Panther Cove Nova Lake 17 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Architecture
Change
(step) 		Fabri­cation
process 		Micro-
architecture 		Code names
for step 		Intel
Generation
Desktop 		Intel
Generation
Xeon 		Intel Microcode
shortcut(s)
Desktop/WS[7][8] 		Intel Microcode
shortcut(s)
Xeon/Server 		Release
date 		8P/4P Server 4P/2P Server/WS Embedded Xeon 1P Xeon Enthusiast/WS Desktop Mobile
Processors

Atom roadmap[]

Atom roadmap[52]
Fabri­cation
process 		Micro-
architecture
(Abbr.)[13] 		Code names
for step 		Release
date 		Processors/SoCs
MID, Smartphone Tablet Netbook Nettop Embedded Server Communication CE
Tick 45 nm Bonnell
(BNL) 		Bonnell ? 2008 Silverthorne N/A Diamondville Tunnel Creek & Stellarton N/A Sodaville
Tock Bonnell ? 2010 Lincroft Pineview Groveland
Tick 32 nm Saltwell 2011 Medfield (Penwell & Lexington) & Clover Trail+ (Cloverview) Clover Trail (Cloverview) Cedar Trail (Cedarview) Un­known Centerton & Briarwood Un­known Berryville
Tick 22 nm Silvermont
(SLM) 		Silvermont 2013 Merrifield (Tangier)[53] & Moorefield (Anniedale)[54] & Slayton Bay Trail-T (Valleyview) Bay Trail-M (Valleyview) Bay Trail-D (Valleyview) Bay Trail-I (Valleyview) Avoton Rangeley Un­known
Tick 14 nm[52] Airmont 2014 Binghamton & Riverton Cherry Trail-T (Cherryview)[55] Braswell[56] Denverton
Cancelled 		Un­known Un­known
Tock Goldmont[57]
(GLM) 		Goldmont 2016 Broxton Cancelled Broxton Cancelled
Apollo Lake 		Apollo Lake Apollo Lake Un­known Denverton Un­known Un­known
Architecture Goldmont Plus Goldmont Plus 2017 Un­known Gemini Lake Gemini Lake Gemini Lake Un­known Un­known Un­known Un­known
Process / Architecture 10 nm
and
Intel 7 		Tremont Tremont 2020 Un­known Jasper Lake Jasper Lake Jasper Lake Elkhart Lake Snow Ridge Un­known Un­known
Architecture Gracemont Gracemont 2021

Note: There is further the Xeon Phi. It has up to now undergone four development steps with a current top model that got the code name Knights Landing (shortcut: KNL;[13] the predecessor code names all had the leading term Knights in their name) that is derived from the Silvermont architecture as used for the Intel Atom series but realized in a shrunk 14 nm (FinFET) technology.[58]

Both[]

See also[]

References[]

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  2. ^ "Intel tick–tock model". intel.com. Intel Corporation. Retrieved 2014-11-02. A yearly product cadence moves the industry forward in a predictable fashion that can be planned in advance.
  3. ^ "Intel Haswell Refresh Processors Codenamed Devil's Canyon - Launching in Mid 2014 With Unlocked Design and Improved TIM". Wccftech.com. 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  4. ^ a b "Intel's 'Tick–Tock' Seemingly Dead, Becomes 'Process–Architecture–Optimization'". Anandtech.com. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  5. ^ "Intel Official News on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  6. ^ "Intel's 8th-gen 'Coffee Lake' chips reuse 14nm process as other Core CPUs ease into new tech". PC World. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  7. ^ a b Intel Releases Linux CPU Microcodes To fix Meltdown & Spectre Bugs by Lawrence Abrams on January 11, 2018
  8. ^ a b Linux* Processor Microcode Data File Version 20180312 on 3/12/2018
  9. ^ Crothers, Brooke (2009-02-10). "Intel moves up rollout of new chips | Nanotech - The Circuits Blog". CNet.com. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
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  11. ^ "Intel Unveils World's Best Processor". Intel.com (Press release). Intel Corporation.
  12. ^ "Intel Unveils 16 Next-Generation Processors, Including First Notebook Chips Built on 45nm Technology". Intel.com (Press release). Intel Corporation. January 7, 2008.
  13. ^ a b c d "X86 / Amd64 library". 25 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Intel Launches Fastest Processor on the Planet". Intel.com (Press release). Intel Corporation. November 17, 2008.
  15. ^ Bohr, Mark (February 10, 2009). "Intel 32nm Technology" (PDF). Intel.com. Intel Corporation. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  16. ^ "Revolutionizing How We Use Technology—Today and Beyond". Intel.com. Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation.
  17. ^ Crothers, Brooke (November 15, 2010). "Intel Sandy Bridge chip coming January 5". CNet.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  18. ^ Pop, Sebastian (April 9, 2012). "Intel Ivy Bridge CPU Range Complete by Next Year". Softpedia.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
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  20. ^ a b Novakovic, Nebojsa (April 9, 2012). "Ivy Bridge EP and EX coming up in a year's time – the multi-socket platform heaven". VR-Zone.com. VR Zone AP Pte. Ltd. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
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  23. ^ a b What is Crystalwell? by Matt Egan on OCT 31, 2013 at macworld.com
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  28. ^ Carey, Gabe (July 7, 2015). "The wait for Skylake is almost over, first desktop chips likely to hit August 5". DigitalTrends.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  29. ^ "Intel 14nm Kaby Lake "Skylake Refresh" Platform Detailed – Launching in 2H 2016, 256 MB eDRAM H-Series and 91W K-Series Unveiled". wccftech.com. July 2015. The Kaby Lake platform will be similar to Skylake platform that launches this year and will act as a platform refresher
  30. ^ "Intel Releasing 14nm Kaby Lake Processor in 2016 Ahead of 10nm Cannonlake". legitreviews.com. 2015-07-08. We have long known that Intel was planning a 'Skylake Refresh' that has always been on the roadmap between Skylake and Cannonlake, but it appears that refresh might be going by the code name Kaby lake now.
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  35. ^ Products formerly Kaby Lake R
  36. ^ a b Ngo, Allen (August 21, 2017). "Intel Core i5-8250U, i5-8350U, i7-8550U, and i7-8650U Kaby Lake-R series launches today". Notebookcheck. Intel Core i5-8250U, i5-8350U, i7-8550U, and i7-8650U Kaby Lake-R launches today (Source: Intel)
  37. ^ "Products formerly Coffee Lake".
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  40. ^ a b "Intel Expands 10th Gen Intel Core Mobile Processor Family, Offering Double Digit Performance Gains". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  41. ^ a b "Intel Previews 11th Gen Core Rocket Lake: Core i9-11900K and Z590, Coming Q1". 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
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  46. ^ "Intel Confirms 10nm Ice Lake Xeon Production Has Started". Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  47. ^ "Intel Launches World's Best Processor for Thin-and-Light Laptops: 11th Gen Intel Core". Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  48. ^ "Intel Confirms 10nm Ice Lake Xeon Production Has Started". Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  49. ^ a b Tyson, Mark (2012-05-15). "Intel currently developing 14nm, aiming towards 5nm chips". HEXUS.net. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  50. ^ James, Dave (2021-03-23). "Meteor Lake, Intel's first 7nm CPU, to tape in before July this year and release in 2023". PC Gamer. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  51. ^ "Intel reveals the design of Alder Lake, Sapphire Rapids, Meteor Lake and Granite Rapids CPUs". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
  52. ^ a b Lal Shimpi, Anand (May 6, 2013). "Intel's Silvermont Architecture Revealed: Getting Serious About Mobile". AnandTech.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
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  54. ^ "Import Data and Price of Anniedale". zauba.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
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  58. ^ Intel veröffentlicht Xeon Phi mit bis zu 7 Teraflops

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