Timeline of Mars 2020
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The Mars 2020 mission and its rover, Perseverance, and helicopter Ingenuity, were launched from Earth on 30 July 2020. As of August 24, 2021, Perseverance has been on the planet Mars for 182 sols (187 total days; 187 days) since landing on 18 February 2021. Current weather data on Mars is being gathered by the Curiosity rover and the Insight lander.[1][2] The Perseverance rover will also collect weather data. (See External links)
Events[]
Prelaunch (2012–2020)[]
- 4 December 2012: Mars 2020 mission announced by NASA
- 8–10 February 2017: Workshop held to discuss eight proposed landing sites for the mission. The three sites chosen were Jezero crater, Northeastern Syrtis Major Planum, and Columbia Hills.
- 30 July: Atlas V rocket launched from Cape Canaveral
Landing and initial tests (February–May 2021)[]
After arriving on the 18th of February, Perseverance focused on validating its systems. During this phase, it used its science instruments for the first time,[3] generated oxygen on Mars with MOXIE,[4] and deployed Ingenuity. Ingenuity began the technology demonstration phase of its mission, completing five flights before transitioning to the operations demonstration phase of its mission.
- 18 February: Landing in Jezero crater on Mars
- 4 March: Perseverance rover's first test drive.
- 5 March: NASA named the Perseverance rover landing site "Octavia E. Butler Landing".[5]
- 3 April: Deployment of Ingenuity
- 8 April: NASA reported the first MEDA weather report on Mars: for 3–4 April 2021, the high was "minus-7.6 degrees, and a low of minus-117.4 degrees ... [winds] gusting to ... 22 mph".[6]
- 19 April: First major flight test of Ingenuity
- 20 April: MOXIE made 5.37g of Oxygen gas from Carbon Dioxide on its first test on Mars
- 22 April: Second flight test of Ingenuity[7]
- 25 April: Third flight test of Ingenuity
- 30 April: Fourth flight test of Ingenuity.[8]
- 7 May: Fifth flight test of Ingenuity.[9] First one-way flight on Mars. Ingenuity's mission transitions from being a technology demonstration to being an operations demonstration.[10][11]
- 22 May: Sixth flight test of Ingenuity, first of the operations demonstration.[12] A glitch with the navigation system caused the helicopter to land 5 meters away from its intended landing site.[13]
First science campaign (June 2021-present)[]
The first science campaign began on 1 June 2021, with the goal of exploring the Crater Floor Fractured Rough and geologic units. To avoid the sand dunes of the Séítah unit, Perseverance will mostly travel within the Crater Floor Fractured Rough geologic unit or along the boundary between the two units. The first of Perseverance's sample tubes are planned to be filled during this expedition.[14]
After collecting the samples, Perseverance will return to its landing site, before continuing north for its second science campaign. At some point, it will store the filled sample tubes in a designated area for an upcoming sample return mission.[15] While Perseverance is embarking on its first science campaign, Ingenuity will continue to travel alongside the rover as part of its operations demonstration campaign.[10]
- 1 June 2021: Perseverance begins its first science campaign.[14]
- 8 June 2021: Seventh flight of Ingenuity.[16]
- 21 June 2021: Eighth flight of Ingenuity. The “watchdog issue”, a recurring issue which occasionally prevented Ingenuity from taking flight, is fixed.[17]
- 5 July 2021: Ninth flight of Ingenuity. This flight is the first to explore areas only an aerial vehicle can, by taking a shortcut over the Séítah unit. The sandy ripples of the Séítah unit would prove too difficult for Perseverance to travel through directly.[18][19][20]
- 24 July 2021: Tenth flight of Ingenuity.[21]
- 4 August 2021: Eleventh flight of Ingenuity.[22]
- 5-6 August 2021: Perseverance attempted to acquire its first sample from the ancient lakebed by drilling out "finger-size cores of Martian rock for return to Earth."[23][24][25] This attempt did not succeed, as the rock sampled was not robust enough to produce an intact core.[26] Up to this point, the rover has now used 1 of its 43 sample tubes.[27]
Location (2021)[]
- Overview map of the Perseverance rover
(18 February 2021) - Close-up map of the Perseverance rover
(18 February 2021) - Mars Perseverance rover – possible routes for exploration and study
- Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook
Ingenuity helicopter flight path and Perseverance Traverse Path showing their current locations. Live link
The distance traveled over time of Perseverance and Ingenuity
26035 Map-of-Ingenuitys-Ninth-Flight-Path
Gallery[]
This section contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images. |
Self-portraits[]
Selfie
Videos[]
Entry, descent, and landing (EDL) on Mars (animation)
Mars Perseverance rover - drive view
(1 July 2021)
Images[]
Perseverance rover on Mars[]
First image received after landing (bw photo)
First color photo
Mastcam-Z Calibration target[28]
PIXL seen on Mars from the left Navcam
Perseverance's first study target
Rover test drive
(7 March 2021)SuperCam calibration target with Mars meteorite
SHERLOC calibration target
Delta sediment remnant
Pixl Calibration Target
Artuby outcrop
(17 June 2021)Examining "paver rocks"
(10 July 2021)"CraterFloorFractRough"
(8 July 2021)"CraterFloorFractRough"
(15 July 2021)
Ingenuity helicopter's flights on Mars[]
Ingenuity helicopter on Mars[]
Ingenuity deployment and pre-flight operations on Mars[]
Landing[]
HiRISE image of Perseverance descent
HiRISE image (cropped) of descent
View up at descent stage from Perseverance.
View of landing from sky crane.
Dust plume from descent stage right after landing (B+W)
View of Perseverance from orbit shortly after landing (HiRISE)
Launch[]
AV-088, the Atlas V 541 rocket, at launch
Prelaunch[]
Artist's rendition of rover
Rover at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab
Helicopter team with Ingenuity
Cruise stage connected to the back shell
Heat shield and back shell to protect the rover
Powered descent stage
Five critical components involved in landing the rover
Other images[]
Top of rover with "Family Portrait" (B+W)
"Family Portrait" decal close-up (with text labels added)[28]
Mars 2020 COVID-19 healthworkers plate
Rover DNA inscription
MOXIE first Martian oxygen production test on April 20, 2021, graph
Wide images[]
See also[]
- Astrobiology
- Composition of Mars
- Curiosity rover
- Exploration of Mars
- Geography of Mars
- Geology of Mars
- InSight lander
- List of missions to Mars
- List of rocks on Mars
- Mars Exploration Rover
- Mars Express orbiter
- Mars Odyssey Orbiter
- Mars Orbiter Mission
- Mars Pathfinder (Sojourner rover)
- Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
- Mars 2020 rover mission
- MAVEN orbiter
- Moons of Mars
- Phoenix lander
- Robotic spacecraft
- Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
- Space exploration
- Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory
- U.S. Space Exploration History on U.S. Stamps
- Viking program
- Water on Mars
Notes[]
- ^ aerial image by ingenuity
- ^ All images taken by Ingenuity are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera[30]
- ^ Ingenuity legs are seen clearly on the corners of the each image
- ^ Perseverance rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners
- ^ Jump up to: a b Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position
References[]
- ^ Dvorsky, George (20 February 2019). "You Can Now Check the Weather on Mars Every Day". Gizmodo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ Berger, Eric (20 February 2019). "With the best air pressure sensor ever on Mars, scientists find a mystery". Ars Technica. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Perseverance Rover's SuperCam Science Instrument Delivers First Results". NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Extracts First Oxygen From Red Planet". NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Staff (5 March 2021). "Welcome to 'Octavia E. Butler Landing'". NASA. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ Cappucci, Matthew (8 April 2021). "NASA receives first weather reports from Perseverance rover on Mars at Jezero Crater – The weather data is crucial as the first flight of Ingenuity draws near". The Washington Post]]. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "We Are Prepping for Ingenuity's Third Flight Test". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Ingenuity Completes Its Fourth Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Completes First One-Way Trip". NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter to Begin New Demonstration Phase". NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Why Ingenuity's Fifth Flight Will Be Different". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ NASA/JPL. "Plans Underway for Ingenuity's Sixth Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Surviving an In-Flight Anomaly: What Happened on Ingenuity's Sixth Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Rover Begins Its First Science Campaign on Mars". NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Sample Handling". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ June 2021, Mike Wall 09 (9 June 2021). "Mars helicopter Ingenuity aces 7th flight on the Red Planet". Space.com. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ Demo, Teddy Tzanetos, Operations Lead for Ingenuity Mars Helicopter-Ops. "Flight 8 Success, Software Updates, and Next Steps". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ Laboratory, Håvard Grip, Chief Pilot & Bob Balaram, Chief Engineer for the Mars Helicopter Project at NASA's Jet Propulsion. "We're Going Big for Flight 9". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ July 2021, Meghan Bartels 06 (6 July 2021). "NASA's Mars helicopter Ingenuity sails through 9th flight on the Red Planet". Space.com. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
- ^ Scientist, Håvard F. Grip, Ingenuity Chief Pilot, and Ken Williford, Perseverance Deputy Project. "Flight 9 Was a Nail-Biter, but Ingenuity Came Through With Flying Colors". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Aerial Scouting of 'Raised Ridges' for Ingenuity's Flight 10". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "North-By-Northwest for Ingenuity's 11th Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ Voosen, Paul (31 July 2021). "Mars rover's sampling campaign begins". Science. AAAS. 373 (6554): 477. doi:10.1126/science.373.6554.477. PMID 34326215. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ Voosem, Paul (21 June 2021). "NASA's Perseverance rover to drill first samples of martian rock". Science. AAAS. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "On the Eve of Perseverance's First Sample". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Assessing Perseverance's First Sample Attempt". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ "NASA's first Mars sample appears to have crumbled to bits". Science. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Staff (7 March 2021). "Messages on Mars Perseverance Rover". NASA. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (7 May 2021). "NASA Mars Helicopter Makes One-Way Flight to New Mission - Ingenuity has flown almost flawlessly through the red planet's thin air and will now assist the science mission of the Perseverance rover". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ "Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter". NASA. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mars 2020. |
- Current Weather Report on Mars by the Perseverance rover – MEDA
- Current Weather Report on Mars by the Curiosity rover
- Current Weather Report on Mars by the InSight lander
- Perseverance rover: Official website
- Mars 2020: Official website
- Mars 2020: Location Maps
- Video (03:25) – Mars 2020 – Landing on Mars (18 February 2021) on YouTube
- Video (60:00) – Minerals and the Origins of Life – (Robert Hazen; NASA; April 2014)
- Video (86:49) – Search for Life in the Universe – (NASA; July 2014)
- Video (13:33) – Mars Perseverance rover/Ingenuity helicopter report (9 May 2021; CBS-TV, 60 Minutes)
- Perserverance at Van Zyl (AVideo360; 1:40; Spring 2021) on YouTube (related site; 2GB PNG-image)
- 2021 in spaceflight
- Astrobiology
- Exploration of Mars
- Spaceflight timelines