Treasurer of Australia

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Not to be confused with Minister for Finance (Australia).

Treasurer of Australia
Coat of Arms of Australia.svg
Commonwealth Coat of Arms
Flag of Australia (converted).svg
Flag of Australia
Josh Frydenberg April 2019.jpg
Incumbent
Josh Frydenberg
since 24 August 2018
Department of the Treasury
StyleThe Honourable
Member ofCabinet of Australia
Federal Executive Council
Reports toPrime Minister
SeatCanberra, ACT
NominatorPrime Minister
AppointerGovernor-General
on the advice of the prime minister
Term lengthAt the Governor-General's pleasure
Constituting instrumentNone (constitutional convention)
Formation1 January 1901
First holderSir George Turner
Websitetreasury.gov.au

The Treasurer of Australia (or Federal Treasurer) is a high ranking official and senior minister of the Crown in the Government of Australia who is the head of the Ministry of the Treasury which is responsible for government expenditure and for collecting revenue. The Treasurer plays a key role in the economic policy of the government. The current Australian Treasurer is Josh Frydenberg whose term began on 24 August 2018.

The Treasurer implements ministerial powers through the Department of the Treasury and a range of other government agencies. According to constitutional convention, the Treasurer is always a member of the Parliament of Australia with a seat in the House of Representatives. The office is generally seen as equivalent to the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the United Kingdom or the Secretary of the Treasury in the United States or, in some other countries, the finance minister. It is one of only four ministerial positions (along with Prime Minister, Minister for Defence and Attorney-General) that have existed since Federation.[1]

The Department of the Treasury, Canberra

Duties and importance[]

The Treasurer is the minister in charge of government revenue and expenditure. The Treasurer oversees economic policy: fiscal policy is within the Treasurer's direct responsibility, while monetary policy is implemented by the politically independent Reserve Bank of Australia, the head of which is appointed by the Treasurer. The Treasurer also oversees financial regulation. Each year in May, the Treasurer presents the Federal Budget to the Parliament.

The Prime Minister and Treasurer are traditionally members of the House, but the Constitution does not have such a requirement.[2]

While no Federal Treasurer has been a member of the upper house the Senate, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia had state Treasurers who had served as members of the Legislative Councils, the states' upper houses.

The Treasurer is a very senior government post, usually ranking second or third in Cabinet. Historically, many Treasurers have previously, concurrently or subsequently served as Prime Minister or Deputy Prime Minister; two subsequently served as Governor-General. Service as Treasurer is seen as an important (though certainly not essential) qualification for serving as Prime Minister: to date, six Treasurers have gone on to be Prime Minister.

Paul Keating and Wayne Swan are currently the only two to have been named "Euromoney Finance Minister of the Year" by Euromoney magazine.[3]

Since 1958, Treasurers in Coalition Governments have often but not always been the deputy leader of the Liberal Party. In contrast, only four Labor Treasurers have also been the deputy leader of the Labor Party.

Related ministerial positions[]

Along with the Treasurer, other ministers have responsibility for the Department of the Treasury. The Treasurer together with these other ministers are known as the "Treasury Ministers". At present, the Treasury Minister positions are:[4]

  • Treasurer
  • Assistant Treasurer
  • Minister for Small Business

The work of the Department of Finance is closely related to the work of the Department of the Treasury. The ministers who have responsibility for the Department of Finance are:[5]

Treasury Portfolio[]

Eleven organisations nominally fall under the auspices of the Australian Treasurer. The agencies undertake a range of activities aimed at achieving strong sustainable economic growth and the improved well-being of Australians. This entails the provision of policy advice to portfolio ministers who seek to promote a sound macroeconomic environment; effective government spending and taxation arrangements; and well-functioning markets. It also entails the effective implementation and administration of policies that fall within the portfolio ministers' responsibilities.

  • The Department of the Treasury creates policies and reports for four output groups. These groups are macroeconomic, fiscal, revenue, and markets:
    • Macroeconomic reports include: domestic economic policy advice and forecasting; and international economic policy advice and assessment.
    • Fiscal reports include: budget policy advice and coordination; Commonwealth-State financial policy advice; and industry, environment and social policy advice.
    • Revenue reports include: taxation and income support policy advice.
    • Markets reports include: foreign investment policy advice and administration; financial system and corporate governance policy advice; competition and consumer policy advice; and actuarial services. In addition, the Royal Australian Mint is responsible for producing Australia's circulating currency.
  • The Australian Bureau of Statistics is Australia's official statistical agency. Its reports are created for informed decision-making, research and discussion within governments and the community, based on the provision of a high quality, objective and responsive national statistical service. It principally relates to the production of economic, population and social statistics.
  • The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission outputs are directed at enhanced social and economic welfare of the Australian community by fostering competitive, efficient, fair and informed Australian markets. It strives for compliance with competition, fair trading and consumer protection laws and appropriate remedies when the law is not followed; and competitive market structures and informed behaviour.
  • The Australian Office of Financial Management manages the Commonwealth's net debt portfolio. Its reports on debt management directed at ensuring that the Commonwealth net debt portfolio is managed at least cost, subject to the Government's policies and risk references.
  • The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority is the financial supervisor responsible for prudentially regulating the banking, other deposit-taking, insurance and superannuation industries. It aims at enhanced public confidence in Australia's financial institutions through a framework of prudential regulation which balances financial safety and efficiency, competition, contestability and competitive neutrality.
  • The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is the independent government body that enforces and administers the Corporations Law and Consumer Protection Law for investments, life and general insurance, superannuation and banking (except lending). Its outputs aim at a fair and efficient financial market characterised by integrity and transparency and supporting confident and informed participation of investors and consumers. Outputs include: policy and guidance about the laws administered by ASIC; comprehensive and accurate information on companies and corporate activity; compliance, monitoring and licensing of participants in the financial system to protect consumer interests and ensure market integrity; and enforcement activity to give effect to the laws administered by ASIC.
  • The Australian Taxation Office outputs are directed at effectively managed and shaped systems that support and fund services for Australians and give effect to social and economic policy through the tax, superannuation, excise and other related systems. Outputs include: shape, design and build administrative systems; management of revenue collection and transfers; compliance assurance and support - revenue collection; compliance assurance and support for transfers and regulation of superannuation funds compliance with retirement income standards; and services to governments and agencies.
  • The Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (CAMAC) creates reports directed at confident and informed participation of investors and consumers in the financial system. It makes recommendations to the responsible Minister on the Corporations Law, and produces an annual report. It publishes this annual report, along with other discussion papers and reports.
  • The Inspector-General of Taxation is an independent statutory office to review systemic tax administration issues and to report to the Government with recommendations for improving tax administration for the benefit of all taxpayers.
  • The National Competition Council is an independent advisory body for all Australian governments involved in implementing the National Competition Policy. Its outputs are aimed at the achievement of effective and fair competition reforms and better use of Australia's infrastructure for the benefit of the community. Outputs include: advice provided to governments on competition policy and infrastructure access issues; and clear, accessible public information on competition policy.
  • The Productivity Commission contributes to well informed policy decision-making and public understanding on matters relating to Australia's productivity and living standards, based on independent and transparent analysis from a community-wide perspective. Outputs include or relate to: government commissioned projects; performance reporting and other services to government bodies; regulation review activities; competitive neutrality complaints activities; and supporting research and activities and statutory annual reporting

List of Treasurers[]

The following individuals have been appointed as Treasurer of Australia:[4]

Order Treasurer Portrait Party Prime Minister Term start Term end Term in office
1 Sir George Turner Georgeturner.jpg   Protectionist Barton 1 January 1901 (1901-01-01) 26 April 1904 (1904-04-26) 3 years, 116 days
Deakin
2 Chris Watson1 ChrisWatsonSepia crop.jpg   Labour Watson 27 April 1904 (1904-04-27) 17 August 1904 (1904-08-17) 112 days
(1) Sir George Turner Georgeturner.jpg   Protectionist Reid 17 August 1904 (1904-08-17) 4 July 1905 (1905-07-04) 321 days
3 Sir John Forrest Portrait of John Forrest (cropped).jpg Deakin 4 July 1905 (1905-07-04) 29 July 1907 (1907-07-29) 2 years, 25 days
4 Sir William Lyne William Lyne (cropped).jpg 30 July 1907 (1907-07-30) 12 November 1908 (1908-11-12) 1 year, 105 days
5 Andrew Fisher1 Andrew Fisher 1908.jpg   Labour Fisher 13 November 1908 (1908-11-13) 1 June 1909 (1909-06-01) 200 days
(3) Sir John Forrest Portrait of John Forrest (cropped).jpg Commonwealth Liberal Deakin 2 June 1909 (1909-06-02) 28 April 1910 (1910-04-28) 330 days
(5) Andrew Fisher1 Andrew Fisher 1912 (b&w).jpg   Labour Fisher 29 April 1910 (1910-04-29) 23 June 1913 (1913-06-23) 3 years, 55 days
(3) Sir John Forrest Sir John Forrest - Lafayette Studios (cropped).jpg Commonwealth Liberal Cook 24 June 1913 (1913-06-24) 16 September 1914 (1914-09-16) 1 year, 84 days
(5) Andrew Fisher1 AndrewFisher.jpg   Labor Fisher 17 September 1914 (1914-09-17) 26 October 1915 (1915-10-26) 1 year, 39 days
6 William Higgs William Higgs.jpg Hughes 27 October 1915 (1915-10-27) 27 October 1916 (1916-10-27) 1 year, 0 days
7 Alexander Poynton Alexander Poynton - Broothorn Studios (cropped).jpg   National Labor 14 November 1916 (1916-11-14) 16 February 1917 (1917-02-16) 94 days
(3) Sir John Forrest Sir John Forrest - Lafayette Studios (cropped).jpg   Nationalist 17 February 1917 (1917-02-17) 26 March 1918 (1918-03-26) 1 year, 37 days
8 William Watt William Watt (cropped).jpg 27 March 1918 (1918-03-27) 27 July 1920 (1920-07-27) 2 years, 122 days
9 Sir Joseph Cook Joseph Cook - Crown Studios 03.jpg 28 July 1920 (1920-07-28) 20 December 1921 (1921-12-20) 1 year, 145 days
10 Stanley Bruce Portrait of Rt. Hon. S.M. Bruce, P.C., M.C. (cropped).jpg 21 December 1921 (1921-12-21) 8 February 1923 (1923-02-08) 1 year, 49 days
11 Dr Earle Page Earle Page - Falk Studios (cropped).jpg   Country Bruce 9 February 1923 (1923-02-09) 21 October 1929 (1929-10-21) 6 years, 254 days
12 Ted Theodore Ted Theodore 1931.jpg   Labor Scullin 22 October 1929 (1929-10-22) 8 July 1930 (1930-07-08) 259 days
13 James Scullin1 Portrait of James H. Scullin (cropped).jpg 9 July 1930 (1930-07-09) 28 January 1931 (1931-01-28) 203 days
(12) Ted Theodore Ted Theodore 1931.jpg 29 January 1931 (1931-01-29) 5 January 1932 (1932-01-05) 341 days
14 Joseph Lyons1 Joseph Lyons.jpg   United Australia Lyons 6 January 1932 (1932-01-06) 2 October 1935 (1935-10-02) 3 years, 269 days
15 Richard Casey Richard Casey 1939 (cropped).jpg 3 October 1935 (1935-10-03) 7 April 1939 (1939-04-07) 3 years, 204 days
Page 7 April 1939 (1939-04-07) 25 April 1939 (1939-04-25)
16 Robert Menzies1 Robert Menzies in 1939.jpg Menzies 26 April 1939 (1939-04-26) 13 March 1940 (1940-03-13) 322 days
17 Percy Spender Percy Spender 1940.jpg 14 March 1940 (1940-03-14) 27 October 1940 (1940-10-27) 227 days
18 Arthur Fadden1 FaddenPEO.jpg   Country 28 October 1940 (1940-10-28) 29 August 1941 (1941-08-29) 343 days
Fadden 29 August 1941 (1941-08-29) 6 October 1941 (1941-10-06)
19 Ben Chifley1 Benchifley.jpg   Labor Curtin 7 October 1941 (1941-10-07) 5 July 1945 (1945-07-05) 8 years, 72 days
Forde 6 July 1945 (1945-07-06) 13 July 1945 (1945-07-13)
Chifley 13 July 1945 (1945-07-13) 18 December 1949 (1949-12-18)
(18) Sir Arthur Fadden Arthur Fadden.jpg   Country Menzies 19 December 1949 (1949-12-19) 9 December 1958 (1958-12-09) 8 years, 355 days
20 Harold Holt Harold Holt 1964.jpg   Liberal 10 December 1958 (1958-12-10) 25 January 1966 (1966-01-25) 7 years, 46 days
21 William McMahon William McMahon 1966.jpg Holt 26 January 1966 (1966-01-26) 17 December 1967 (1967-12-17) 3 years, 289 days
McEwen 19 December 1967 (1967-12-19) 10 January 1968 (1968-01-10)
Gorton 10 January 1968 (1968-01-10) 11 November 1969 (1969-11-11)
22 Les Bury Les Bury.jpg 12 November 1969 (1969-11-12) 10 March 1971 (1971-03-10) 1 year, 129 days
McMahon 10 March 1971 (1971-03-10) 21 March 1971 (1971-03-21)
23 Billy Snedden Billy Snedden 1971.jpg 22 March 1971 (1971-03-22) 4 December 1972 (1972-12-04) 1 year, 257 days
24 Gough Whitlam1 Gough Whitlam - ACF - crop.jpg   Labor Whitlam 5 December 1972 (1972-12-05) 18 December 1972 (1972-12-18) 13 days
25 Frank Crean Frank Crean.jpg 19 December 1972 (1972-12-19) 10 December 1974 (1974-12-10) 1 year, 356 days
26 Dr Jim Cairns Jim Cairns.jpg 11 December 1974 (1974-12-11) 5 June 1975 (1975-06-05) 176 days
27 Bill Hayden Bill Hayden 1971.jpg 6 June 1975 (1975-06-06) 11 November 1975 (1975-11-11) 158 days
28 Phillip Lynch Phillip Lynch 1969.jpg   Liberal Fraser 12 November 1975 (1975-11-12) 18 November 1977 (1977-11-18) 2 years, 6 days
29 John Howard Howard John BANNER.jpg 19 November 1977 (1977-11-19) 10 March 1983 (1983-03-10) 5 years, 111 days
30 Paul Keating Paul Keating 1985.jpg   Labor Hawke 11 March 1983 (1983-03-11) 3 June 1991 (1991-06-03) 8 years, 84 days
31 Bob Hawke1 Bob Hawke 1987 portrait crop.jpg 3 June 1991 (1991-06-03) 4 June 1991 (1991-06-04) 1 day
32 John Kerin John Charles Kerin.jpg 4 June 1991 (1991-06-04) 8 December 1991 (1991-12-08) 188 days
33 Ralph Willis 9 December 1991 (1991-12-09) 20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 17 days
Keating 20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 26 December 1991 (1991-12-26)
34 John Dawkins John-Dawkins-1984.jpg 27 December 1991 (1991-12-27) 22 December 1993 (1993-12-22) 1 year, 360 days
(33) Ralph Willis 23 December 1993 (1993-12-23) 10 March 1996 (1996-03-10) 2 years, 78 days
35 Peter Costello Peter Costello.jpg   Liberal Howard 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 11 years, 267 days
36 Wayne Swan Treasurer Wayne Swan, 2009, crop.jpg   Labor Rudd 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 5 years, 206 days
Gillard 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 27 June 2013 (2013-06-27)
37 Chris Bowen Chris Bowen 2016.jpg Rudd 27 June 2013 (2013-06-27) 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 83 days
38 Joe Hockey Joe Hockey portrait 1.jpg   Liberal Abbott 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 15 September 2015 2 years, 3 days
Turnbull 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) 21 September 2015
39 Scott Morrison Scott Morrison 2014 crop.jpg 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21) 24 August 2018 (2018-08-24) 2 years, 337 days
40 Josh Frydenberg Josh Frydenberg (47543854322).jpg Morrison 24 August 2018 (2018-08-24) Incumbent 3 years, 160 days
1 Treasurers Watson, Fisher, Scullin, Lyons, Fadden, Menzies, Chifley, Whitlam and Hawke were also Prime Minister during some or all of their period as Treasurer.

List of Assistant Treasurers[]

The following individuals have been appointed as Assistant Treasurer, or any precedent titles:[4]

Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Stanley Bruce UAP Lyons Assistant Treasurer 6 January 1932 (1932-01-06) 29 June 1932 (1932-06-29) 175 days
2 Richard Casey UAP Lyons Assistant Treasurer 12 October 1934 (1934-10-12) 3 October 1935 (1935-10-03) 356 days
3 George Gear Labor Keating Assistant Treasurer 24 March 1993 (1993-03-24) 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 2 years, 353 days
4 Jim Short Liberal Howard 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 14 October 1996 (1996-10-14) 217 days
5 Rod Kemp 14 October 1996 (1996-10-14) 25 November 2001 (2001-11-25) 5 years, 42 days
6 Helen Coonan Minister for Revenue and Assistant Treasurer 26 November 2001 (2001-11-26) 17 July 2004 (2004-07-17) 2 years, 234 days
7 Mal Brough 18 July 2004 (2004-07-18) 26 January 2006 (2006-01-26) 1 year, 192 days
8 Peter Dutton 27 January 2006 (2006-01-27) 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 1 year, 310 days
9 Chris Bowen Labor Rudd Assistant Treasurer
Minister for Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs 		3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 8 June 2009 (2009-06-08) 1 year, 187 days
10 Nick Sherry Assistant Treasurer 9 June 2009 (2009-06-09) 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 1 year, 97 days
Gillard 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14)
11 Bill Shorten Assistant Treasurer
Minister for Financial Services & Superannuation 		14 September 2010 (2010-09-14) 14 December 2011 (2011-12-14) 1 year, 91 days
12 Mark Arbib Assistant Treasurer 14 December 2011 (2011-12-14) 5 March 2012 (2012-03-05) 82 days
13 David Bradbury Assistant Treasurer
Minister Assisting for Financial Services & Superannuation 		5 March 2012 (2012-03-05) 27 June 2013 (2013-06-27) 1 year, 197 days
Rudd 27 June 2013 (2013-06-27) 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18)
14 Arthur Sinodinos Liberal Abbott Assistant Treasurer 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 19 December 2014 (2014-12-19) 1 year, 92 days
15 Josh Frydenberg 23 December 2014 (2014-12-23) 15 September 2015 271 days
Turnbull 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21)
16 Kelly O'Dwyer 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21) 19 July 2016 (2016-07-19) 2 years, 341 days
Minister for Revenue and Financial Services 19 July 2016 (2016-07-19) 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28)
17 Stuart Robert Morrison Assistant Treasurer 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28) 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) 274 days
18 Michael Sukkar 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) Incumbent 2 years, 247 days

List of assistant ministers for superannuation, financial services and financial technology[]

The following individuals have been appointed as Assistant Minister for Superannuation, Financial Services and Financial Technology, or preceding titles:[4]

Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Kelly O'Dwyer Liberal Abbott Assistant Minister to the Treasurer 23 December 2014 (2014-12-23) 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) 266 days
2 Alex Hawke Turnbull 25 September 2015 (2015-09-25) 18 July 2016 (2016-07-18) 6 years, 128 days
3 Michael Sukkar Liberal Turnbull Assistant Minister to the Treasurer 24 January 2017 (2017-01-24) 21 August 2018 (2018-08-21) 5 years, 7 days
4 Zed Seselja Morrison Assistant Minister for Treasury and Finance 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28) 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) 274 days
5 Jane Hume Assistant Minister for Superannuation, Financial Services and Financial Technology 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) Incumbent 2 years, 247 days

Former ministerial titles[]

List of ministers for competition policy and consumer affairs[]

The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (formerly the Trade Practices Act 1974) is administered by the Treasurer through the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, but was formerly administered by other ministers. The following individuals were appointed as ministers with responsibility for competition and consumer affairs matters:[6]

Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Lionel Murphy   Labor Whitlam Attorney-General 19 December 1972 (1972-12-19) 12 June 1974 (1974-06-12) 1 year, 175 days
2 Bill Morrison Minister for Science and Consumer Affairs 12 June 1974 (1974-06-12) 6 June 1975 (1975-06-06) 359 days
3 Clyde Cameron 6 June 1975 (1975-06-06) 11 November 1975 (1975-11-11) 158 days
4 Sir Bob Cotton Liberal Fraser 11 November 1975 (1975-11-11) 22 December 1975 (1975-12-22) 41 days
5 John Howard Minister for Business and Consumer Affairs 22 December 1975 (1975-12-22) 17 July 1977 (1977-07-17) 1 year, 207 days
6 Wal Fife 17 July 1977 (1977-07-17) 8 December 1979 (1979-12-08) 2 years, 144 days
7 Sir Victor Garland 8 December 1979 (1979-12-08) 3 November 1980 (1980-11-03) 331 days
8 John Moore 3 November 1980 (1980-11-03) 20 April 1982 (1982-04-20) 1 year, 168 days
9 Neil Brown 20 April 1982 (1982-04-20) 11 January 1983 (1983-01-11) 325 days
10 Barry Cohen Labor Hawke Minister for Home Affairs and the Environment 11 January 1983 (1983-01-11) 13 December 1984 (1984-12-13) 1 year, 277 days
11 Peter Staples Labor Hawke Minister for Consumer Affairs 24 July 1987 (1987-07-24) 15 February 1988 (1988-02-15) 206 days
12 Nick Bolkus 15 February 1988 (1988-02-15) 4 April 1990 (1990-04-04) 2 years, 48 days
13 Michael Tate Minister for Justice and Consumer Affairs 4 April 1990 (1990-04-04) 20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 2 years, 53 days
Keating 20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 27 May 1992 (1992-05-27)
14 Jeannette McHugh Minister for Consumer Affairs 27 May 1992 (1992-05-27) 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 3 years, 289 days
15 Geoff Prosser Liberal Howard Minister for Small Business and Consumer Affairs 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 18 July 1997 (1997-07-18) 1 year, 129 days
16 Chris Ellison Minister for Customs and Consumer Affairs 18 July 1997 (1997-07-18) 9 October 1997 (1997-10-09) 83 days
17 Warren Truss Nationals 9 October 1997 (1997-10-09) 21 October 1998 (1998-10-21) 1 year, 12 days
18 Joe Hockey Liberal Minister for Financial Services and Regulation 21 October 1998 (1998-10-21) 26 November 2001 (2001-11-26) 3 years, 36 days
19 Chris Bowen Labor Rudd Minister for Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 9 June 2009 (2009-06-09) 1 year, 188 days
20 Craig Emerson 9 June 2009 (2009-06-09) 20 June 2010 (2010-06-20) 1 year, 97 days
Gillard 20 June 2010 (2010-06-20) 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14)
21 David Bradbury Labor Rudd Minister for Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01) 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 79 days

References[]

  1. ^ Elder, DR; Fowler, PE, eds. (June 2018). "Chapter 2: The Ministry". House of Representatives Practice (7th ed.). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. ISBN 978-1-74366-656-2. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  2. ^ "No. 14 - Ministers in the Senate". Senate Briefs. Parliament of Australia. December 2016.
  3. ^ Farr, Malcolm (21 September 2011). "Wayne Swan named the world's best treasurer". news.com.au.
  4. ^ a b c d "Past Treasury Ministers". The Treasury. Commonwealth of Australia. 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  5. ^ "Finance and Deregulation Portfolio Ministers". Department of Finance. Commonwealth of Australia. 19 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  6. ^ "Ministries and Cabinets". 43rd Parliamentary Handbook: Historical information on the Australian Parliament. Parliament of Australia. 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2013.

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