Úsov

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Úsov
Town
Úsov as seen from the Úsov Castle
Úsov as seen from the Úsov Castle
Flag of Úsov
Flag
Coat of arms of Úsov
Coat of arms
Úsov is located in Czech Republic
Úsov
Úsov
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°47′54″N 17°0′38″E / 49.79833°N 17.01056°E / 49.79833; 17.01056Coordinates: 49°47′54″N 17°0′38″E / 49.79833°N 17.01056°E / 49.79833; 17.01056
Country Czech Republic
RegionOlomouc
DistrictŠumperk
First mentioned1260
Government
 • MayorJiří Holouš
Area
 • Total9.31 km2 (3.59 sq mi)
Elevation
280 m (920 ft)
Population
 (2020-01-01[1])
 • Total1,166
 • Density130/km2 (320/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
789 73
Websitewww.usov.cz

Úsov (German: Mährisch Aussee, Yiddish: Asyva‎) is a small town in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants.

Administrative parts[]

Village of Bezděkov u Úsova is an administrative part of Úsov.

History[]

The first written mention of Úsov is from 1260. The castle was built around 1250.[2] In 1487 the lords of House of Vlašim modified the castle, which was later given into the possession of the lords of Boskovice. In 1622 Emperor Ferdinand II presented the town to Prince Karl I of Liechtenstein, on condition that none but Catholics should be permitted to reside there. As late as 1834, out of a population of 4,534, only 24 were Protestants. In 1860 there were 245 houses in Aussee with 2,662 inhabitants, of whom 950 were Jewish.[3] From the 17th century until 1945, the castle was in the possession of the princes of Liechtenstein.

Úsov Castle

Today the castle is used as a museum, with the main pieces of the museum mainly being the trophies of the hunting expeditions of the princes of Liechtenstein.

In 1852 the Mährisch-schlesische Forstlehranstalt (Moravian-Silesian Silviculture School) was founded in Úsov, but in 1867 transferred to Eulenberg.

Jewish Asyva (Aussee)[]

Aussee was the home to a Jewish community beginning in the 17th century. In 1688 the dean of Mohelnice gave orders for the erection of a synagogue at Aussee. This building was destroyed in 1722. During the services on the eve of Yom Kippur a Catholic priest entered the synagogue and began to preach a missionary sermon to the people assembled for worship. The officers of the congregation asked him to withdraw; but he persistently refused to do so, and they were compelled to eject him. When the Jews brought charges against the priest for disturbance of the peace, he claimed that they had assaulted him. After a protracted lawsuit a decision was rendered to the effect that the synagogue be destroyed and that no other be built. Of those charged by the priest with assault 3 men were branded with a hot iron and exiled; while the fourth, a man 74 years old, was sentenced to work upon a Catholic church then in construction. 32 years elapsed before permission was granted to establish another House of Worship, though it was to be a lesser establishment than a synagogue. (Abraham Ha-levi, "M'gilath S'darim") It was not until 1783 that permission was given to build a regular synagogue; and when this was dedicated Abraham Prostiz was chosen rabbi.

Other rabbis were: Israel Fuchs (brother of R. Manli Fuchs of Moravský Krumlov), Loeb Pollak, M. Duschak and David ben Jacob Szczebrszyn (author of notes on the Targumim, is said to have occupied the rabbinate in the 17th century).

Under the law of March 21, 1890, relating to the legal conditions of the in Austria, the community of Aussee was amalgamated with the neighboring communities; and, through personal and local considerations, Mährisch-Schönberg became the seat of the Jewish communal district.

The former synagogue remains in Úsov to this day.

Twin towns – sister cities[]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic

Úsov is twinned with:[4]

References[]

  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2020". Czech Statistical Office. 2020-04-30.
  2. ^ "Historie města". usov.cz (in Czech). Město Úsov. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
  3. ^ Carl Koristka: Die Markgrafschaft Mähren und das Herzogthum Schlesien. Olmütz 1860
  4. ^ "Město". usov.cz (in Czech). Město Úsov. Retrieved 2020-09-22.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Missing or empty |title= (help) ([1]) Bibliographies of Jewish Encyclopedia:

  • Wolny, Die Markgrafschaft Mähren, vol. v. Brünn, 1839
  • N. Brüll, Zur Geschichte der Juden in Mähren, in Wiener Jahrbuch für Israeliten, 1867

External links[]

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