1550

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March 12: Battle of Penco

Year 1550 (MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events[]

January–June[]

• January 6 – Spanish Captain Hernando de Santana founds the city of Valledupar, in modern-day Colombia.
• February 8 – Pope Julius III succeeds Pope Paul III as the 221st pope.
• March 12 – Arauco War: Battle of Penco – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche in modern-day Chile.
• March 12 – Acapulco is founded by 30 families sent from Mexico City
• March 24 – "Rough Wooing": England and France sign the Treaty of Boulogne, by which England withdraws from Boulogne in France and returns territorial gains in Scotland.^[1]
• March 29 – Sherborne School in England is refounded by King Edward VI.
• April 16 – The Valladolid debate on the rights and treatment of indigenous peoples of the Americas by their Spanish conquerors opens at the Colegio de San Gregorio in Valladolid, Castile.
• June 12 – The city of Helsinki, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.

July–December[]

• July (at least) – John Dee finishes his studies at the Old University of Leuven.^[2]
• July 7 – Chocolate is introduced to Europe.
• July 21 – The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is approved by Pope Julius III.
• October 2 – Battle of Sauðafell in Iceland: Daði Guðmundsson of Snóksdalur defeats the forces of Catholic Bishop Jón Arason who is captured and executed, resulting in Iceland becoming fully Protestant.

Date unknown[]

• Altan Khan crosses the Great Wall of China and besieges Beijing, burning the suburbs.
• The summit level canal between Alster and the Trave in Germany ceases to be navigable.^[3]
• The first grammatical description of the French language is published by Louis Maigret.
• The first book in Slovene, Catechismus, written by Protestant reformer Primož Trubar, is printed in Schwäbisch Hall, .^[4]
• Nostradamus' first almanac is written.
• Approximate date – The discovery of silver at Zacatecas and Guanajuato in Mexico stimulates silver rushes.

Births[]

Pope Paul V

Anne of Saint Bartholomew

King Charles IX of Sweden

• January 18 – Tsugaru Tamenobu, Japanese daimyō (d. 1607)
• February 1 – John Napier, Scottish mathematician (d. 1617)
• February 17 – Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, Dutch army commander (d. 1606)
• February 22 – Charles de Ligne, 2nd Prince of Arenberg (d. 1616)
• March 6 – Michelangelo Naccherino, Italian sculptor (d. 1622)
• March 8 – William Drury, English politician (d. 1590)
• April 5 – Andrés Pacheco, Spanish churchman and theologian (d. 1626)
• April 9 – Giulio Pace, Italian philosopher (d. 1635)
• April 12 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (d. 1604)
• April 16 – Francis Anthony, English apothecary and physician (d. 1623)
• April 18 – Alessandro Pieroni, Italian painter (d. 1607)
• May 8 – John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1604)
• May 25 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian saint and nurse (d. 1614)
• June 16 – Marie Eleonore of Cleves, Duchess consort of Prussia (1573–1608) (d. 1608)
• June 27 – King Charles IX of France (d. 1574)^[5]
• June 28 – Johannes van den Driesche, Flemish Protestant clergyman and scholar (d. 1616)
• July 3 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (d. 1591)
• August 6 – Enrico Caetani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1599)
• August 8 – Petrus Gudelinus, Belgian jurist (d. 1619)
• September 1 – Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, Spanish admiral (d. 1615)
• September 10 – Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander of the Spanish Armada (d. 1615)
• September 17 – Pope Paul V (d. 1621)^[6]
• September 29 – Joachim Frederick of Brieg, Duke of Wołów (1586-1602) (d. 1602)
• September 30 – Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1631)
• October 1 – Anne of Saint Bartholomew, Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun (d. 1626)
• October 4 – King Charles IX of Sweden (d. 1611)^[7]
• October 8 – Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, Spanish cardinal (d. 1635)
• October 25 – Ralph Sherwin, English Roman Catholic priest (martyred 1581)
• October 28 – Stanislaus Kostka, Polish saint (d. 1568)
• November 1 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (d. 1585)
• November 6 – Karin Månsdotter, Swedish queen (d. 1612)
• December 2 – Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona, Spanish diplomat (d. 1606)
• December 6 – Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (d. 1605)
• December 21
  • Aegidius Hunnius, German theologian (d. 1603)
  • Man Singh I, Mughal noble (d. 1614)
• December 22 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (d. 1631)
• December 28 – Vicente Espinel, Spanish writer (d. 1624)
• December 29 – García de Silva Figueroa, Spanish diplomat and traveller (d. 1624)
• December 31 – Henry I, Duke of Guise (d. 1588)
• date unknown
  • Jacob ben Isaac Ashkenazi, Polish Jewish author (d. 1625)
  • Willem Barentsz, Dutch navigator and explorer (d. 1597)
  • Anselmus de Boodt, Belgian mineralogist and physician (d. 1632)
  • Matthijs Bril, Flemish painter (d. 1583)
  • Helena Antonia, Austrian court dwarf (d. 1595)
  • Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1597)
  • Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish rebel (d. 1616)
• probable
  • Robert Balfour, Scottish philosopher (d. 1625)
  • Henry Barrowe, English Puritan and Separatist (d. 1593)
  • Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian composer (d. 1602)
  • Cornelis Corneliszoon, Dutch inventor of the sawmill (d. c. 1600)
  • Philip Henslowe, English theatrical entrepreneur (d. 1616)
  • Brianda Pereira, Azorean Portuguese heroine (d. 1620)

Deaths[]

Saint John of God

• January 12 – Andrea Alciato, Italian jurist and writer (b. 1492)
• January 22 – Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah, second ruler of Golconda
• January 28 – Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin (b. 1509)
• February 22 – Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (b. 1533)
• March 7 – William IV, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1493)
• March 8 – John of God, Spanish friar and saint (b. 1495)
• April 12 – Claude, Duke of Guise, French soldier (b. 1496)^[8]
• April 13 – Innocenzo Cybo, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1491)
• April 30 – King Tabinshwehti of Burma (b. 1516)
• May 18 – Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, French churchman (b. 1498)
• May 20 – Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1511)
• June 13 – Veronica Gambara, Italian poet (b. 1485)
• July 19 (probable date) – Jacopo Bonfadio, Italian historian, executed (b. c. 1508)
• July 22 – Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra (b. 1481)
• July 30 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (b. 1505)
• August 18 – Antonio Ferramolino, Italian architect and military engineer
• October 20 – Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria (b. 1488)
• October 23 – Tiedemann Giese, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1480)
• October 24 – Louis of Valois, French prince (b. 1549)
• October 26 – Samuel Maciejowski, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1499)
• November 6 – Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1487)
• November 7 – Jón Arason, last Catholic bishop of Iceland (b. 1484)
• December 6 – Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Flemish painter (b. 1502)
• December 8 – Gian Giorgio Trissino, Italian humanist, poet, dramatist and diplomat (b. 1478)
• December 29 – Bhuvanaikabahu VII, King of Kotte (b. 1468)
• date unknown – Aq Kubek of Astrakhan, ruler of Astrakhan Khanate

References[]