1906 in music

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of years in music (table)

This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1906.

Specific locations[]

Events[]

  • January 8 - Pianist Arthur Rubinstein plays Camille Saint-Saens' Piano concerto at his New York debut.[1]
  • January 15 - Excerpts from Arthur Nevin's opera Poia are premiered in concert form by the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.[2]
  • January 17 - Felix Weingartner makes his Boston debut conducting the New York Symphony Orchestra in program that includes Symphonie fantastique by Hector Berlioz.[3]
  • January 21 - Georges Enesco's Symphony No.1 in E-flat Major premieres in Paris. The work has three movements.[4]
  • January 27 - Ernest Bloch's symphonic work Hiver-Printemps premieres in Geneva, the composer conducting.[5]
  • January 27 - Russian pianist Josef Lhevinne makes his American debut with the Russian Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Vasily Safonov in New York.[6]
  • February 6 - Karol Szymanowski's Concert Overture in E major (Uwertura koncertowa E-dur) premiered by Gregor Fitelberg in Warsaw.[7]
  • February 18 - Vincent d'Indy's symphonic work Jour d'été à la montagne premieres at a Colonne concert in Paris.
  • February – Abyssinia receives its première at the Majestic Theatre (Broadway), with a score co-written by Bert Williams, including premiere of Nobody.
  • March 7 - Ernst von Dohnányi's Concerto for Cello and Orchestra premieres with Hugo Becker as soloist and the composer conducting Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra.[8]
  • March 10 - Don Procopio, an opera buffa written by Georges Bizet, is premiered posthumously at the Theatre du Casino, Monte Carlo.The two-act opera, written during Bizet's students days, had not been discovered until 30 years later.[9]
  • March 19 - The premiere of I quattro rusteghi (or Die Vier Grobiane), by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, takes place at the Hoftheater in Munich. The libretto, by Giuseppe Pizzolato, is based on a popular play of the same name by Carlo Goldoni.[10]
  • March 27 - John Philip Sousa's comic opera The Free Lance receives its initial performance in Springfield, Massachusetts.[11]
  • April 2 - Mayor Eugene Schmitz of San Francisco gives a lavish dinner party for the purpose of raising money to build a new opera house. Violinist Jan Kubelik is the guest of honor.
  • April 8 - Vincenzo Tommasini's Medea premieres at the Teatro Verdi in Trieste. The libretto, written by the composer, is based on the Greek myth of Medea.[12]
  • April 18 - A catastrofic earthquake hits San Francisco. Grand Opera house, where Enrico Caruso performed last night, is destroyed by fire. Costumes and scenery of twelve operas go up in smoke, resulting in a loss of $120,000.
  • May 24 – Choral rhapsody for baritone solo, chorus and orchestraSea Drift, by Frederick Delius, is performed for the first time at the music festival in Essen, Germany.[13]
  • May 27Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 6 in A Minor receives its première in Essen, Germany.
  • May 29 – Oxford University awards an honorary Doctor of Music degree to Edvard Grieg.[14]
  • June 20Anton von Webern's doctoral dissertation is approved by his doctoral advisors at the Musicological Institute of the University of Vienna.
  • July - The first console gramophone is released, known as Victrola, a horn-enclosed phonograph, manufactured by Victor.[15]
  • August 23Norfolk Rhapsody No.1 in E Minor receives its first performance at a Promenade Concert in London. The work of Ralph Vaughan Williams, is based on Norfolk folk tunes.[16]
  • October 15Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly receives its first American performance. The Henry W. Savage Opera Company performs the opera in Washington D.C.[17]
  • October 31 - Jules Massenet's Ariane has its premiere at the Paris Opera. The libretto, by Catulle Mendes, is based on the Greek myth of Ariane.[18]
  • October 27Enrique Granados's zarzuela Gaziel is produced in Barcelona.[19]
  • November 11 - Strandrecht (The Wreckers), by Ethel Mary Smyth, premieres in Leipzig, at the Königliches Opernhause.[20]
  • November 11 - Maskarade, a three-act opera by Carl Nielsen, receives its first performance in Copenhagen, the composer conducting.[21]
  • November 16 - In what becomes known as "monkey-house scandal", Enrico Caruso is arrested by a New York City officer on a charge of making improper advances to a passer-by, Mrs.Hannah Stanhope. The police accused him of pinching the buttocks of a married woman. The scandal threatens to reduce sales at the Metropolitan Opera box office, where Caruso sings.
  • November 26 - Geraldine Farrar makes here Metropolitan Opera debut as Juliette in Charles Gounod's Romeo et Juliette
  • November 28 - Enrico Caruso sings Rodolfo in La Boheme, by Giacomo Puccini. This is his first appearance after having been arrested, convinced and fined for making improper advances to a woman in the Central Park. He virtually bring down the house and the "monkey-house scandal" is quickly forgotten nad Caruso's stature remains unaffected.[22]
  • December 1 – The celebrated soprano Adelina Patti gives her farawell concert at the Albert Hall in London.[23]
  • December 3 – Impresarion Oscar Hammerstein opens the Manhattan Opera House to compete with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. The first presentation is Vincenzo Bellini I Puritani.[24]
  • December 8Moloch, an opera by Max von Schillings, receivces its first performance in Dresden.[25]
  • December 9Richard Strauss' Salome receives its first Berlin performance. It stars Emmy Destinn and is so successful that, over next 27 years, it was performed 285 times in Berlin alone.[26]
  • December 11 – The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra plays its first concert, the oldest continuously active professional orchestra in Australia.
  • December 22Alexander Glazunov's Symphony No.8 in E-flat Major premieres in Saint Petersburg, the composer conducting. This four-movement symphony is his last.[27]
  • December 27Matteo Falcone, a dramatic scene by Cesar Cui, is performed for the first time in Moscow. The operatic work is based on a novella by Prosper Merimee about Corsicans.[28]
  • December 27Florent Schmitt's Psalm XLVII premieres at the a Paris concert of music by winners of the Prix de Rome.[29]
  • December 29Jean Sibelius's symphonic tone poem Pohjola's Daughter premieres in Saint Petersburg, the composer conducting.[30]
  • Amelita Galli-Curci makes her operatic debut at Trani, as Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto.
  • Approximate start of Yue opera.
  • Last full-scale court performance of gambuh dance-drama with gamelan ensemble in Bali.[31]
  • becomes then new music director of the New York Philharmonics Society, after a three-year period during which guest conductors led this orchestra.

Published popular music[]

"Frog Legs Rag" by James Scott.
  • "Abraham Jefferson Washington Lee" Harry Von Tilzer
  • "Ain't You Coming Back To Old New Hampshire, Molly?" w. m. J. Fred Helf
  • "Alice, Where Art Thou Going?" Heelan, Gumble
  • "All In Down And Out" w. Cecil Mack m. Chris Smith, Billy B. Smith & Elmer Bowman
  • "Anchors Aweigh" w. & R. Lovell m. Charles A. Zimmerman
  • "Andulko Safárova" Kmoch
  • "Anxious" William Jerome, Jean Kendis, Paley
  • "Are You Coming Out Tonight, Mary Ann?" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
  • "Arrah Wanna" w. m. Theodore F. Morse
  • "At Dawning" w. Nelle Richmond Eberhart m. Charles Wakefield Cadman
  • "Because You're You" w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert
  • "The Bee That Gets The Honey Doesn't Hang Around The Hive" w. Ed Rose m. J. Fred Helf
  • "The Bird On Nellie's Hat" w. Arthur J. Lamb m. Alfred Solman
  • "The Buffalo Rag" Tom Turpin
  • "By The Side Of The Zuyder Zee" w. A. J. Mills m. Bennett Scott
  • "Captain Baby Bunting Of The Rocking Horse Brigade" w. Ed Gardinier & Will D. Cobb m. J. Fred Helf
  • "Cheyenne" w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
  • "Colleen Bawn" w. Edward Madden m. J. Fred Helf
  • "College Life" w. Porter Emerson Browne m. Henry Frantzen
  • "Come, Take A Skate With Me" w.m. Raymond Brown & Gus Edwards
  • "Crocodile Isle" Morse
  • "Dill Pickles Rag" m. Charles L. Johnson
  • "Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do" w. William Cahill m. Benjamin Hapgood Burt
  • "Don't You Think It's Time To Marry?" Edwards
  • "Dreaming" w. m.
  • "Every Day Is Ladies' Day To Me" w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert
  • "The Free Lance March" m. John Philip Sousa
  • "Frog Legs Rag" m. James Scott
  • "The Galloping Major" w. Fred W. Leigh m. George Bastow
  • "The Game Of Peek-a-Boo" Edwards
  • "Girlie, I Love You" Morse
  • "The Good Old USA" w. Jack Drislane m. Theodore F. Morse
  • "The Grand Old Rag" (aka "You're a Grand Old Flag") w.m. George M. Cohan
  • "He Walked Right In Turned Around And Walked Right Out Again" w. Edward Rose m. Maxwell Silver
  • "Here's To Our Absent Brothers" w.m. J. Fred Helf
  • "He's A Cousin Of Mine" w. Cecil Mack m. Chris Smith & Silvio Hein
  • "Highland Birthday Party" w.m. Hector Grant
  • "Holding Hands (You Don't Say Nothing At All)" w. Jack Norworth m. Albert Von Tilzer
  • "Honora H. Doolin" Mills
  • "I Don't Like Your Family" Howard
  • "I Just Can't Make My Eyes Behave" w.m. Will D. Cobb & Gus Edwards
  • "I Miss You In A Thousand Different Ways" w. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
  • "I Never Saw Such Jealousy In My Life" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
  • "I Was Born In Virginia" w.m. George M. Cohan
  • "Ida-Ho!" Von Tilzer
  • "If Anybody Wants To Meet A Jonah Shake Hands With Me" w.m. Harry Hoyt
  • "I'm Sorry" Von Tilzer
  • "I'm Wise" w. Harry Williams m. Egbert van Alstyne
  • "In Old New York" w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert
  • "Is It Warm Enough For You?" Paley
  • "I've Said My Last Farewell" Sischer
  • "Just One Word Of Consolation" w. Frank B. Williams m. Tom Lemonier
  • "Keep on the Sunny Side" w. m. Theodore F. Morse
  • "Kiss, Kiss, Kiss (If You Want To Learn To Kiss)" w. Harry B. Smith m. Gertrude Hoffmann
  • "Lassie, Dinna Sigh For Me" w.m. Hector Grant
  • "A Lemon In The Garden Of Love" w. M. E. Rourke m. Richard Carle
  • "Let Bygones Be Bygones And Let Us Be Sweethearts Again" w. m. Bert Williams
  • "Let It Alone" w. m. Bert Williams
  • "Let Me See You Smile" Fischer
  • "The Little Chauffeur" Bowers
  • "The Load That Father Carried" w. Frank Fogerty m. J. B. Mullen
  • "Love Me And The World Is Mine" w. Dave Reed Jr m. Ernest R. Ball
  • "Mississippi Sunflower" (characteristic march & two-step) m. Otto and John Heinzman
  • "Moonbeams" w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert
  • "Moonlight Dance" m. Herman Finck
  • "Mr Monkey" Edwards
  • "My Mariuccia Take A Steamboat" w. George Ronklyn m. Al Piantadosi
  • "National Emblem" m. E. E. Bagley
  • "The Next Horse I Ride On" w.m. Fred Murray & George Everard
  • "Not Because Your Hair Is Curly" w.m. Bob Adams
  • "Nothing Like That In Our Family" Heelan, Furth
  • "Pickles and peppers" Adaline Shepherd
  • "Poor John" w. Fred W. Leigh m. Henry E. Pether
  • "The Poor Old Man" w.m. Vincent Bryan
  • "School Days" w. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
  • "Since Father Went To Work" w.m. William Cahill
  • "Some One Looks Good To Some One" Weaver
  • "The Streets Of New York" w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert from the musical The Red Mill
  • "Sunbonnet Sue" w. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
  • "Sweet Anastasia Brady" Schwartz
  • "That's The Reason Noo I Wear A Kilt" w.m. A. B. Kendal & Harry Lauder
  • "Waltz Me Around Again Willie" w. Will D. Cobb m. Ren Shields (From the musical "His Honor the Mayor")
  • "We Parted On The Shore" w.m. Harry Lauder
  • "We've Been Chums For Fifty Years" w.m. Thurland Chattaway
  • "What a Mouth" w.m. R. P. Weston
  • "What's The Use Of Dreaming?" w.m. Joseph E. Howard
  • "What's The Use Of Loving If You Can't Love All The Time" w. Joseph Mittenthal m. Harry Armstrong
  • "When Love Is Young In Springtime" w.m. Rida Johnson Young & Melville Ellis
  • "When The Whip-poor-will Sings, Marguerite" w. C. M. Denison m. J. Fred Helf
  • "When Tommy Atkins Marries Dolly Gray" w. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
  • "When You Know You're Not Forgotten By The Girl You Can't Forget" w. Ed Gardinier m. J. Fred Helf
  • "While The Old Mill Wheel Is Turning" w. Will D. Cobb m. Kerry Mills
  • "Whistle It!" Blossom, Herbert
  • "Wonderland" w.m. Thomas S. Allen
  • "Won't You Come Over To My House" w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
  • "Wouldn't You Like To Flirt with Me?" Rogers
  • "You Can Have Broadway" w.m. George M. Cohan from the musical
  • "You Can't Give Your Heart To Somebody Else And Still Hold Hands With Me" Edwards

Recorded popular music[]

  • "Stop Your Tickling Jock" – Harry Lauder

Classical music[]

  • Frank Bridge
    • Three Idylls for String Quartet
    • String Quartet No. 1 in E minor "Bologna"
  • Grigoraş DinicuHora staccato
  • Ernő Dohnányi – String Quartet No. 2, Op. 15
  • Edward Elgar
  • George Enescu
    • Au soir, for four trumpets
    • Concertstück, for viola and piano
    • Decet for winds in D major, Op. 14
    • Légende, for trumpet and piano
  • Charles IvesCentral Park in the Dark
  • Gustav MahlerSymphony No. 6 (3rd version)
  • Carl NielsenString Quartet No. 4 in F major, Op. 44
  • Sergei Rachmaninoff – Symphony No. 2 in E Minor
  • Max Reger – Serenade in G for orchestra Op. 95
  • Arnold SchoenbergChamber Symphony No. 1
  • Josef Suk – Symphony No. 2 "Asrael"
  • Sergei Taneyev – Piano Quartet in E major Op. 20
  • Edgard VarèseUn grand sommeil noir
  • Anton Webern – Rondo for string quartet
  • Leó Weiner
    • Serenade for Small Orchestra, Op. 3
    • String Quartet No.1, Op. 4

Opera[]

  • Walter BraunfelsFalada
  • Cesar Cui - Mateo Falcone
  • Enrique Granados - Gaziel
  • Jules MassenetAriane
  • Carl NielsenMaskarade
  • Sergei RachmaninoffFrancesca Da Rimini
  • Max von Schillings - Moloch
  • Dame Ethel SmythThe Wreckers
  • John Philip Sousa - The Free Lance
  • Richard Strauss - Salome
  • Vincenzo Tommasini - Medea
  • Ermanno Wolf-FerrariI quattro rusteghi

Ballet[]

  • January 6 - Cinderella - another new production of the Empire Theater - premieres in London. It is a fairy ballet in five scenes, choreography by Fred Farren, music by Sidney Jones.[32]
  • January 14 - The Debutante is produced at London's Empire Theater. The music by Cuthbert Clarke, the lead dancer Fred Farren.[33]
  • January 28 - Radha - a modern dance work by Ruth Saint Denis - is performed for the first time at a private performance at the New York Theater. Music by Leo Delibes.[34]
  • March 26 - Choreographer Ruth Saint Denis has two premieres: The Cobras (music by Leo Delibes) and The Incense (music by Harvey Worthington Loomis). Performed at the Hudson Theater in New York. [35]
  • May 14 - The London public sees its first complete performance of Coppélia by Leo Delibes as Adeline Genee recreates her famous role at the Empire Theater.[36]
  • August 6 - Fete Galante premieres at the Empire Theater, London. This ballet is an extended version of the first scene of Cinderella, produced at the same theater on January 6 of this year.

Musical theater[]

Births[]

  • January 1Giovanni D'Anzi, Italian songwriter (died 1974)
  • January 4Frankie Newton, American trumpeter (died 1954)
  • January 15Alessandro Cicognini, film composer (died 1995)
  • January 21Gunnar Johansen, Danish composer and pianist (died 1991)
  • January 21Igor Moiseyev, Russian dancer, choreographer and ballet director (died 2007)
  • January 27Radamés Gnattali, Brazilian composer (died 1988)
  • January 31
    • Benjamin Frankel, composer (died 1973)
    • Roosevelt Sykes, blues musician (died 1983)
  • February 1Hildegarde, actress and cabaret singer (died 2005)
  • February 1Pierre Capdevielle, French pianist and composer (died 1969)
  • February 5Zara Levina, pianist and composer (died 1976)
  • February 8Artur Balsam, Polish pianist (died 1994)
  • February 19Grace Williams, Welsh composer (died 1977)
  • February 21Jeanne Aubert, singer and actress (died 1988)
  • March 3Barney Bigard, jazz musician (died 1980)
  • March 13
    • Dave Kaye, British pianist (died 1996)
    • Frank Teschemacher, jazz musician (died 1932)
  • March 20Ozzie Nelson, actor, band leader (died 1975)
  • March 25Jean Sablon, French singer (died 1994)
  • March 27Pee Wee Russell, jazz musician (died 1969)
  • March 29E. Power Biggs, English organist (died 1977)
  • April 8Raoul Jobin, French-Canadian tenor (died 1974)
  • April 9Antal Doráti, conductor (died 1988)
  • April 18Little Brother Montgomery, jazz musician (died 1985)
  • May 5Maria Caniglia, Italian soprano (died 1979)
  • May 17Zinka Milanov, Croatian soprano (died 1989)
  • May 23Lucha Reyes, singer (d. 1944)
  • June 1Walter Legge, record producer (died 1979)
  • June 3Josephine Baker, US singer, dancer and toast of Paris (died 1975)
  • June 26Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer and actor (died 1974)
  • June 28Safford Cape, American conductor and musicologist (died 1973)
  • July 7Anton Karas, Austrian zither player and composer (died 1985)
  • July 9Elisabeth Lutyens, English composer (died 1983)
  • July 19Klaus Egge, Norwegian composer (died 1979)
  • July 24Pierre Fournier, French cellist (died 1986)
  • July 25Arthur Kreutz, American composer (died 1991)
  • July 30Ľudovít Rajter, Slovak composer (died 2000)
  • August 6Cátulo Castillo, Argentine tango composer (died 1975)
  • September 1 - Aksel Schiøtz, Danish tenor and later baritone (died 1975)
  • September 4Alexander Moyzes, Slovak composer and conductor (died 1984)
  • September 25 - Alfred Frankenstein, American music critic (died 1981)
  • September 30Mireille Hartuch, French singer (died 1996)
  • October 9Janis Ivanovs, Latvian composer (died 1983)
  • October 10Paul Creston, (born as Joseph Guttoveggio), American composer (died 1985)
  • October 15Victoria Spivey, US singer, pianist and composer (died 1976)
  • October 22Charles Lynch, Irish concert pianist (died 1984)
  • October 31Louise Talma, composer (died 1996)
  • November 3Alma Rosé, violinist (died 1944)
  • November 9Pete Brown, jazz musician (died 1963)
  • December 5 - Elisabeth Höngen, German soprano (died 1997)
  • December 10Harold Adamson, US lyricist (died 1980)
  • December 23 - Ross Lee Finney - American composer (died 1997)
  • December 25 - Peter Carl Goldmark - Hungarian electronic and recording engineer (died 1997)
  • December 26Morgan Lewis, songwriter (died 1968)
  • December 27Oscar Levant, pianist and actor (died 1972)
  • Billie Maxwell, country guitarist/vocalist (died 1954)

Deaths[]

References[]

  1. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  2. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  3. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  4. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  5. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  6. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  7. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 29. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  8. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  9. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 27. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  10. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 27. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  11. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 27. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  12. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 27. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  13. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 29. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  14. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 32. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  15. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 32. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  16. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  17. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 27. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  18. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  19. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 27. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  20. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  21. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  22. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 32. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  23. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  24. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 32. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  25. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  26. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  27. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  28. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  29. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  30. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 30. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  31. ^ "Gambuh". Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance. Oxford University Press. 2003. Retrieved 2011-04-26.
  32. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  33. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  34. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  35. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 28. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
  36. ^ Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, USA: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 1029. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|
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