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January 4

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January 4 is the fourth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 361 days remain until the end of the year (362 in leap years).

Events[]

Pre-1900[]

  • 0046 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina.[1]
  • 0871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army.[2]
  • 1649 – English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.[3]
  • 1717 – The Netherlands, Great Britain, and France sign the Triple Alliance[4] in an attempt to maintain the Treaty of Utrecht; Britain having signed a preliminary alliance with France on November 28 (November 17, 1716).
  • 1762 – Great Britain declares war on Spain, which meant the entry of Spain into the Seven Years' War.[5]
  • 1798 – Constantine Hangerli arrives in Bucharest, Wallachia, as its new Prince, invested by the Ottoman Empire.[6]
  • 1853 – After having been kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South, Solomon Northup regains his freedom; his memoir Twelve Years a Slave later becomes a national bestseller.[7]
  • 1854 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.[8]
  • 1863 – The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.[9]
  • 1878 – Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule[10] and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
  • 1884 – The Fabian Society is founded in London, United Kingdom.[11]
  • 1885 – Sino-French War: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing force at Núi Bop in northern Vietnam.[12]
  • 1896 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.[13]

1901–present[]

  • 1903 – Topsy, an elephant, is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island. The Edison film company records the film Electrocuting an Elephant of Topsy's death.[14]
  • 1912 – The Scout Association is incorporated throughout the British Empire by royal charter.[15]
  • 1918 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russia, Sweden, Germany and France.[16]
  • 1944 – World War II: Operation Carpetbagger, involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in Europe, begins.[17]
  • 1948 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom becoming an independent republic,[18] named the Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President and U Nu its first Prime Minister.
  • 1951 – Korean War: Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul.[19]
  • 1956 – The Greek National Radical Union is formed by Konstantinos Karamanlis.[20]
  • 1958 – Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, falls to Earth from orbit.[21]
  • 1959 – Luna 1 becomes the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon.[22]
  • 1972 – Rose Heilbron becomes the first female judge to sit at the Old Bailey in London, UK.[23]
  • 1975 – This date overflowed the 12-bit field that had been used in the Decsystem 10 operating systems. There were numerous problems and crashes related to this bug while an alternative format was developed.[24]
  • 1976 – The Troubles: The Ulster Volunteer Force shoots dead six Irish Catholic civilians in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The next day, gunmen would shoot dead ten Protestant civilians nearby in retaliation.[25]
  • 1987 – The Maryland train collision: An Amtrak train en route to Boston from Washington, D.C., collides with Conrail engines in Chase, Maryland, United States, killing 16 people.[26]
  • 1989 – Second Gulf of Sidra incident: A pair of Libyan MiG-23 "Floggers" are shot down by a pair of US Navy F-14 Tomcats during an air-to-air confrontation.[27]
  • 1990 – In Pakistan's deadliest train accident an overloaded passenger train collides with an empty freight train, resulting in 307 deaths and 700 injuries.[28]
  • 1998 – A massive ice storm hits eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, continuing through January 10 and causing widespread destruction.[29]
  • 1999 – Former professional wrestler Jesse Ventura is sworn in as governor of Minnesota, United States.[30]
  • 2004 – Spirit, a NASA Mars rover, lands successfully on Mars at 04:35 UTC.[31]
  • 2004 – Mikheil Saakashvili is elected President of Georgia following the November 2003 Rose Revolution.[32]
  • 2006 – Ehud Olmert becomes acting Prime Minister of Israel after the incumbent, Ariel Sharon, suffers a second, apparently more serious stroke.[33]
  • 2007 – The 110th United States Congress convenes, electing Nancy Pelosi as the first female Speaker of the House in U.S. history.[34]
  • 2010 – The Burj Khalifa, the current tallest building in the world, officially opens in Dubai.[35]
  • 2013 – A gunman kills eight people in a house-to-house rampage in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines.[36]
  • 2018 – Hennenman–Kroonstad train crash: A passenger train operated by Shosholoza Meyl collides with a truck on a level crossing at Geneva Station between Hennenman and Kroonstad, Free State, South Africa. Twenty people are killed and 260 injured.[37]

Births[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0659 – Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (d.680)[38][39]
  • 1077 – Emperor Zhezong of China (d. 1100)[40]
  • 1334 – Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (d. 1383)[41]
  • 1467 – Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (d. 1538)[42]
  • 1581 – James Ussher, Irish archbishop and historian (d. 1656)[43]

1601–1900[]

  • 1643 – Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist (d. 1727)[44]
  • 1654 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician and academic (d. 1742)[45]
  • 1672 – Hugh Boulter, English-Irish archbishop (d. 1742)[46]
  • 1710 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer, violinist, and organist (d. 1736)[47]
  • 1720 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German organist and composer (d. 1774)[48]
  • 1785 – Jacob Grimm, German philologist and mythologist (d. 1863)[49]
  • 1809 – Louis Braille, French educator, invented Braille (d. 1852)[50]
  • 1813 – Isaac Pitman, English linguist and educator (d. 1897)[51]
  • 1832 – George Tryon, English admiral (d. 1893)[52]
  • 1838 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer (d. 1883)[53]
  • 1839 – Carl Humann, German archaeologist, architect, and engineer (d. 1896)[54]
  • 1848 – Katsura Tarō, Japanese general and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1913)[55]
  • 1858 – Carter Glass, American publisher and politician, 47th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1946)[56]
  • 1864 – Clara Emilia Smitt, Swedish doctor and author (d. 1928)[57]
  • 1869 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1960)[58]
  • 1874 – Josef Suk, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1935)[59]
  • 1877 – Marsden Hartley, American painter and poet (d. 1943)[60]
  • 1878 – A. E. Coppard, English poet and short story writer (d. 1957)[61]
  • 1878 – Augustus John, Welsh painter and illustrator (d. 1961)[62]
  • 1881 – Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (d. 1919)[63]
  • 1883 – Max Eastman, American author and poet (d. 1969)[64]
  • 1883 – Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch pathologist and academic (d. 1961)[65]
  • 1884 – Guy Pène du Bois, American painter, critic, and educator (d. 1958)[66]
  • 1889 – M. Patanjali Sastri, Indian lawyer and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of India (d. 1963)[67]
  • 1891 – Edward Brooker, English-Australian sergeant and politician, 31st Premier of Tasmania (d. 1948)[68]
  • 1895 – Leroy Grumman, American engineer and businessman, co-founded Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Co. (d. 1982)[69]
  • 1896 – Everett Dirksen, American politician (d. 1969)[70]
  • 1896 – André Masson, French painter and illustrator (d. 1987)[71]
  • 1897 – Chen Cheng, Chinese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China (d. 1965)[72]
  • 1900 – James Bond, American ornithologist and zoologist (d. 1989)[73]

1901–present[]

  • 1901 – C. L. R. James, Trinidadian journalist and theorist (d. 1989)[74]
  • 1902 – John A. McCone, American businessman and politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1991)[75]
  • 1905 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (d. 1992)[76]
  • 1913 – Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoan ruler (d. 2007)[77]
  • 1916 – Lionel Newman, American pianist and composer (d. 1989)[78]
  • 1916 – Robert Parrish, American actor and director (d. 1995)[79]
  • 1920 – William Colby, American intelligence officer, 10th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1996)[80]
  • 1924 – Marianne Werner, German shot putter[81]
  • 1925 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier and technician (d. 2003)[82]
  • 1927 – Paul Desmarais, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2013)[83]
  • 1927 – Barbara Rush, American actress[84]
  • 1929 – Günter Schabowski, German journalist and politician (d. 2015)[85]
  • 1930 – Sorrell Booke, American actor and director (d. 1994)[86]
  • 1930 – Don Shula, American football player and coach (d. 2020)[87]
  • 1931 – William Deane, Australian judge and politician, 22nd Governor-General of Australia[88]
  • 1931 – Nora Iuga, Romanian poet, writer and translator[89]
  • 1931 – Coşkun Özarı, Turkish footballer and coach (d. 2011)
  • 1932 – Clint Hill, American secret service agent and author
  • 1932 – Carlos Saura, Spanish director and screenwriter[90]
  • 1934 – Rudolf Schuster, Slovak politician, 2nd President of Slovakia[91]
  • 1935 – Floyd Patterson, American boxer (d. 2006)[92]
  • 1937 – Grace Bumbry, American operatic soprano[93]
  • 1937 – Dyan Cannon, American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter[94]
  • 1940 – Gao Xingjian, Chinese novelist, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate[95]
  • 1940 – Brian Josephson, Welsh physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[96]
  • 1941 – George P. Cosmatos, Italian-Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2005)[97]
  • 1941 – Kalpnath Rai, Indian politician (d. 1999)[98]
  • 1942 – Bolaji Akinyemi, Nigerian political scientist, academic, and politician[99]
  • 1942 – Jim Downing, American race car driver and inventor[100]
  • 1942 – John McLaughlin, English guitarist and songwriter[101]
  • 1943 – Doris Kearns Goodwin, American historian and author[102]
  • 1943 – Hwang Sok-yong, South Korean author and educator[103]
  • 1944 – Gary Stevens, Australian rugby league player[104]
  • 1944 – Alan Sutherland, New Zealand rugby player[105] (d. 2020)
  • 1945 – Richard R. Schrock, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[106]
  • 1946 – Arthur Conley, American singer-songwriter (d. 2003)[107]
  • 1947 – Chris Cutler, English percussionist, lyricist and music theorist[108]
  • 1947 – Marie-Thérèse Letablier, French sociologist and academic[109]
  • 1948 – Kostas Davourlis, Greek footballer (d. 1992)[110]
  • 1948 – Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé, Malian civil servant and politician, Prime Minister of Mali
  • 1949 – Mick Mills, English footballer and manager[111]
  • 1950 – Khondakar Ashraf Hossain, Bangladesh poet and academic (d. 2013)[112]
  • 1953 – Norberto Alonso, Argentinian footballer[113]
  • 1954 – Rob Kerin, Australian politician, 43rd Premier of South Australia[114]
  • 1954 – Tina Knowles, American fashion designer, founded House of Deréon[115]
  • 1956 – Ann Magnuson, American actress and performance artist [116]
  • 1956 – Zehava Gal-On, Israeli politician[117]
  • 1956 – Bernard Sumner, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[118]
  • 1957 – Patty Loveless, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[119]
  • 1958 – Matt Frewer, American-Canadian actor[120]
  • 1960 – Gavin Miller, Australian rugby league player[121]
  • 1960 – Michael Stipe, American singer-songwriter and producer[122]
  • 1961 – Sidney Green, American basketball player and coach[123]
  • 1963 – Dave Foley, Canadian comedian, actor, director, and producer[124]
  • 1963 – Martina Proeber, German diver[125]
  • 1964 – Susan Devoy, New Zealand squash player[126]
  • 1964 – Adrian Shelford, New Zealand rugby league player (d. 2003)[127]
  • 1965 – Guy Forget, French tennis player[128]
  • 1965 – Craig Revel Horwood, Australian-English dancer, choreographer, and director[129]
  • 1965 – Julia Ormond, English actress and producer[130]
  • 1966 – Deana Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[131]
  • 1967 – Johnny Nelson, English boxer and sportscaster[132]
  • 1967 – David Toms, American golfer and philanthropist[133]
  • 1967 – David Wilson, Australian rugby player[134]
  • 1969 – Kees van Wonderen, Dutch footballer and manager[135]
  • 1971 – Shane Walker, Australian rugby league player[136]
  • 1971 – Colin Ward, Australian rugby league player[137]
  • 1973 – Frank Høj, Danish cyclist[138]
  • 1974 – Danilo Hondo, German cyclist[139]
  • 1975 – Shane Carwin, American mixed martial artist and wrestler[140]
  • 1975 – Paul Watson, English footballer and physiotherapist[141]
  • 1976 – Ted Lilly, American baseball player[142]
  • 1978 – Dominik Hrbatý, Slovak tennis player[143]
  • 1979 – Shergo Biran, German footballer[144]
  • 1979 – Tristan Gommendy, French race car driver[145]
  • 1980 – Miguel Monteiro, Portuguese footballer[146]
  • 1980 – Justin Ontong, South African cricketer[147]
  • 1982 – Richard Logan, English footballer[148]
  • 1982 – Danny Sullivan, Australian rugby league player[149]
  • 1984 – Kho Jabing, Malaysian and convicted murderer executed in Singapore (d. 2016).[150][151][152]
  • 1985 – Kari Aalvik Grimsbø, Norwegian handball player[153]
  • 1985 – Gökhan Gönül, Turkish footballer[154]
  • 1985 – Al Jefferson, American basketball player[155]
  • 1986 – Younès Kaboul, French footballer[156]
  • 1986 – Andrei Krauchanka, Belarusian decathlete[157]
  • 1986 – James Milner, English footballer[158]
  • 1987 – Kay Voser, Swiss footballer[159]
  • 1988 – Anestis Argyriou, Greek footballer[160]
  • 1988 – Maximilian Riedmüller, German footballer[161]
  • 1989 – Graham Rahal, American race car driver[162]
  • 1990 – Iago Falque, Spanish footballer[163]
  • 1990 – Toni Kroos, German footballer[164]
  • 1990 – Alberto Paloschi, Italian footballer[165]
  • 1992 – Kris Bryant, American baseball player[166]
  • 1994 – Derrick Henry, American football player[167]
  • 1996 – Jackson Hastings, Australian rugby league player[168]
  • 1997 – Ante Žižić, Croatian basketball player[169]
  • 1998 – Liza Soberano, Filipina actress[170]
  • 1999 – Nico Hischier, Swiss ice hockey player[171]
  • 1999 – Jaeman Salmon, Australian rugby league player[172]

Deaths[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0871 – Æthelwulf, Saxon ealdorman[2]
  • 0874 – Hasan al-Askari, eleventh of the Twelve Imams (probable;[173] b. 846)
  • 1248 – Sancho II of Portugal (b. 1209)[174]
  • 1344 – Robert de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle, English peer (b. 1288)[175]
  • 1399 – Nicholas Eymerich, Catalan theologian and inquisitor[176]
  • 1424 – Muzio Sforza, Italian condottiero[177]
  • 1428 – Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1370)[178]
  • 1584 – Tobias Stimmer, Swiss painter and illustrator (b. 1539)[179]

1601–1900[]

  • 1604 – Ferenc Nádasdy, Hungarian noble (b. 1555)[180]
  • 1695 – François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, French general (b. 1628)[181]
  • 1752 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1704)[182]
  • 1761 – Stephen Hales, English clergyman and physiologist (b. 1677)[183]
  • 1782 – Ange-Jacques Gabriel, French architect, designed École Militaire (b. 1698)[184]
  • 1786 – Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1729)[185]
  • 1804 – Charlotte Lennox, English author and poet (b. 1730)[186]
  • 1821 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, American nun and saint (b. 1774)[187]
  • 1825 – Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1751)[188]
  • 1863 – Roger Hanson, American general (b. 1827)[189]
  • 1874 – Thomas Gregson, English-Australian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of Tasmania (b. 1798)[190]
  • 1877 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1794)[191]
  • 1880 – Anselm Feuerbach, German painter and educator (b. 1829)[192]
  • 1880 – Edward William Cooke, English painter and illustrator (b. 1811)[193]
  • 1882 – John William Draper, English-American physician, chemist, and photographer (b. 1811)[194]
  • 1883 – Antoine Chanzy, French general (b. 1823)[195]
  • 1891 – Antoine Labelle, Canadian priest (b. 1833)[196]
  • 1896 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (b. 1821)[197]
  • 1900 – Stanisław Mieroszewski, Polish-born politician, writer, historian and member of the Imperial Council of Austria (b. 1827)[198]

1901–present[]

  • 1901 – Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic (b. 1842)
  • 1904 – Anna Winlock, American astronomer and academic (b. 1857)[199]
  • 1910 – Léon Delagrange, French pilot and sculptor (b. 1873)[200]
  • 1912 – Clarence Dutton, American geologist and soldier (b. 1841)[201]
  • 1919 – Georg von Hertling, German academic and politician, 7th Chancellor of the German Empire (b. 1843)[202]
  • 1920 – Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish author and playwright (b. 1843)[203]
  • 1924 – Alfred Grünfeld, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1852)[204]
  • 1925 – Nellie Cashman, American nurse, restaurateur, entrepreneur, and gold prospector (b. 1845)[205]
  • 1927 – Süleyman Nazif, Turkish poet and civil servant (b. 1870)[206]
  • 1931 – Art Acord, American actor and stuntman (b. 1890)[207]
  • 1931 – Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)[208]
  • 1931 – Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Indian journalist, activist, and scholar (b. 1878)
  • 1940 – Flora Finch, English-American actress and producer (b. 1867)
  • 1941 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)[209]
  • 1943 – Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz, Greek-Polish swimmer and water polo player (b. 1911)
  • 1943 – Marina Raskova, Russian pilot and navigator (b. 1912)[210]
  • 1944 – Kaj Munk, Danish playwright and pastor (b. 1898)
  • 1960 – Albert Camus, French novelist, philosopher, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)[211]
  • 1961 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)[212]
  • 1962 – Hans Lammers, German jurist and politician (b. 1879)
  • 1965 – T. S. Eliot, American-English poet, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)[213]
  • 1967 – Donald Campbell, English racing driver and world speed record holder (b. 1921)[214]
  • 1969 – Paul Chambers, American bassist and composer (b. 1935)[215]
  • 1975 – Carlo Levi, Italian painter, author, and activist (b. 1902)[216]
  • 1985 – Brian Horrocks, Indian-English general (b. 1895)[217]
  • 1986 – Christopher Isherwood, English-American author and academic (b. 1904)[218]
  • 1986 – Phil Lynott, Irish singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (b. 1949)[219]
  • 1988 – Lily Laskine, French harp player (b. 1893)[220]
  • 1990 – Harold Eugene Edgerton, American engineer and academic (b. 1903)[221]
  • 1990 – Henry Bolte, Australian politician, 38th Premier of Victoria (b. 1908)
  • 1994 – R. D. Burman, Indian film composer and music director (b. 1939)[222]
  • 1995 – Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (b. 1942)[223]
  • 1995 – Sol Tax, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1907)[224]
  • 1997 – Harry Helmsley, American businessman (b. 1909)[225]
  • 1998 – Mae Questel, American actress (b. 1908)[226]
  • 1999 – Iron Eyes Cody, American actor and stuntman (b. 1904)[227]
  • 2000 – Spyros Markezinis, Greek lawyer and politician, 170th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1909)
  • 2000 – Tom Fears, Mexican-American football player and coach (b. 1922)
  • 2001 – Les Brown, American bandleader and composer (b. 1912)[228]
  • 2004 – Brian Gibson, English director and screenwriter (b. 1944)[229]
  • 2004 – Joan Aiken, English author (b. 1924)[230]
  • 2004 – John Toland, American historian and author (b. 1912)[231]
  • 2005 – Bud Poile, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1924)[232]
  • 2005 – Frank Harary, American mathematician and academic (b. 1921)[233]
  • 2005 – Humphrey Carpenter, English radio host and author (b. 1946)[234]
  • 2005 – Robert Heilbroner, American economist and historian (b. 1919)[235]
  • 2006 – Irving Layton, Romanian-Canadian poet and academic (b. 1912)[236]
  • 2006 – Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Emirati politician, 1st Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (b. 1946)[237]
  • 2006 – Milton Himmelfarb, American sociographer, author, and academic (b. 1918)[238]
  • 2007 – Helen Hill, American director and producer (b. 1970)
  • 2007 – Steve Krantz, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
  • 2007 – Marais Viljoen, South African politician, 5th State President of South Africa (b. 1915)[239]
  • 2008 – Xavier Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan journalist (b. 1932)[240]
  • 2009 – Gert Jonke, Austrian poet, playwright, and author (b. 1946)[241]
  • 2010 – Johan Ferrier, Surinamese educator and politician, 1st President of Suriname (b. 1910)[242]
  • 2010 – Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese engineer (b. 1916)[243]
  • 2011 – Coen Moulijn, Dutch footballer (b. 1937)[244]
  • 2011 – Gerry Rafferty, Scottish singer-songwriter (b. 1947)[245]
  • 2011 – Salmaan Taseer, Pakistani businessman and politician, 26th Governor of Punjab, Pakistan (b. 1944)[246]
  • 2012 – Eve Arnold, American photographer and journalist (b. 1912)[247]
  • 2012 – Rod Robbie, English-Canadian architect, designed the Canadian Pavilion and Rogers Centre (b. 1928)[248]
  • 2013 – Anwar Shamim, Pakistani general (b. 1931)[249]
  • 2013 – Zoran Žižić, Montenegrin politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (b. 1951)[250]
  • 2015 – Pino Daniele, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1955)[251]
  • 2016 – S. H. Kapadia, Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, 38th Chief Justice of India (b. 1947)[252]
  • 2016 – Stephen W. Bosworth, American academic and diplomat, United States Ambassador to South Korea (b. 1939)[253]
  • 2017 – Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and general manager (b. 1918)[254]
  • 2017 – Georges Prêtre, French orchestral and opera conductor (b. 1924)[255]
  • 2019 – Harold Brown, 14th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1927)[256]
  • 2020 – Tom Long, Australian actor (b. 1968)[257]
  • 2021 – Tanya Roberts, American actress (b. 1955)[258]

Holidays and observances[]

Notes[]

  • Watkins, Basil (2015). The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 604. ISBN 978-0-567-66456-3.

References[]

  1. ^ Evelyn Shirley Shuckburgh (1902). A History of Rome to the Battle of Actium. Macmillan.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Mark Grossman (2007). World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary. Infobase Publishing. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8160-7477-8.
  3. ^ Corinne Weston (22 January 2010). English Constitutional Theory and the House of Lords 1556-1832 (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-136-97269-0.
  4. ^ The Cambridge Modern History. CUP Archive. 1907. p. 27.
  5. ^ Junius P. Rodriguez (2002). The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-57607-188-5.
  6. ^ Anton Caragea, "Ceasul cel mare al lui Constantin Hangerli" ("Constantin Hangerli's Big Hour"), in Magazin Istoric, December 2000
  7. ^ Joseph Stromberg (3 March 2014). "The New York Times' 1853 Coverage of Solomon Northup, the Hero of "12 Years A Slave"". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  8. ^ William James Mills (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 291. ISBN 978-1-57607-422-0.
  9. ^ Teacher's Manual for Religious Instruction in the New Apostolic Church Vol 3., NAKI 2001
  10. ^ Stanley Sandler (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 690. ISBN 978-1-57607-344-5. Archived from the original on 2015-09-11. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  11. ^ A. M. McBriar (1962). Fabian Socialism and English Politics, 1884-1918. CUP Archive. p. 3.
  12. ^ Lecomte, J., Lang-Son: combats, retraite et négociations (Paris, 1895). p. 169–71
  13. ^ CHARLES MORRIS (1899). The Greater Republic: A History of the United States. Library of Alexandria. p. 814. ISBN 978-1-4655-0887-4.
  14. ^ Daly, Michael (2013). Topsy: The Startling Story of the Crooked-tailed Elephant, P.T. Barnum, and the American Wizard, Thomas Edison, page 282
  15. ^ "Royal Charter of The Boy Scouts Association". Scouts Canada. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  16. ^ Suzanne Lalonde (6 December 2002). Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7735-2424-8.
  17. ^ Anything, Anywhere, Anytime: An Illustrated History of the Military Airlift Command, 1941-1991. Headquarters Military Airlift Command. 1991. p. 52.
  18. ^ Bertil Lintner (1 May 1999). Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1948. Silkworm Books. pp. 11. ISBN 978-1-63041-184-8.
  19. ^ New Encyclop3Œdia Britannica: Macrop3Œdia. Encyclop3Œdia Britannica. 1997. p. 501.
  20. ^ Political Handbook of the World. Center for Comparative Political Research of the State University of New York at Binghamton and for the Council on Foreign Relations. 1963. p. 89.
  21. ^ Anil K. Maini; Varsha Agrawal (29 January 2007). Satellite Technology: Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-470-03335-7.
  22. ^ "Luna 1". NASA. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  23. ^ Shennan, Paddy (2012-10-26). "Hilary Heilbron on writing the life story of her mother – the late Liverpool legal pioneer Dame Rose Heilbron". liverpoolecho. Archived from the original on 2018-11-25. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
  24. ^ Neumann, Peter G. (1987-02-02). "The RISKS Digest, Volume 4 Issue 45". The RISKS Digest, Volume 4 Issue 45. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
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