1937 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1937 in the United Kingdom.

The coronation of King George VI took place on 12 May, after he had ascended to the throne at the end of the previous year.

Incumbents[]

• Monarch – George VI
• Prime Minister
  • Stanley Baldwin (Coalition) (until 28 May)
  • Neville Chamberlain (Coalition) (starting 28 May)
• Parliament – 37th

Events[]

• 1 January – safety glass in vehicle windscreens becomes mandatory in the United Kingdom.
• 25 February – UK première of the historical film Fire Over England, providing the first pairing of Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh.
• 8 March – Prince Edward, the abdicated King Edward VIII, is created Duke of Windsor.
• 12 April – Frank Whittle ground-tests the world's first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby.
• 27 April – National Maritime Museum opened at Greenwich in former Royal Hospital School premises.
• April – nickel-brass twelve-sided threepence coin first introduced.
• May – the Georgian Group is set up as part of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings in England.
• 1–27 May – London's bus drivers and conductors go on strike.^[1]
• 12 May – Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth takes place at Westminster Abbey, London. The BBC makes its first outside broadcast covering the event.^[2] The newly formed social research organisation Mass Observation makes its first survey of social attitudes on this day.
• 23 May – nearly 4000 Basque (and other) child refugees of the Spanish Civil War arrive at Southampton.
• 27 May – George VI passes letters patent denying the style of Royal Highness to the wife and descendants of the Duke of Windsor.
• 28 May – Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister after Baldwin's retirement.^[3]
• 3 June – the Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson in the Château de Candé.^[2]
• 1 July
  • Ministers of the Crown Act 1937 for the first time formally recognises the offices of Prime Minister, the Cabinet and the Leader of the Opposition and provides them with official salaries (in addition to their stipends as MPs).
  • The 999 emergency telephone number is introduced.^[2]
• 2 July – Holditch Colliery Disaster, a coal mining accident in Chesterton, Staffordshire, in which thirty men die following a fire and explosions.^[4]
• 6 July – Littlewoods, the pools company formed fourteen years ago by Liverpool businessman John Moores, expands to create a department store in Blackpool, Lancashire.^[5][6]
• 7 July – Peel Commission proposes partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states.^[7][8]
• 23 July – Matrimonial Causes Act adds insanity and desertion to infidelity as legitimate grounds for divorce.^[3]
• 28 July – assassination attempt on King George VI in Belfast by the Irish Republican Army.^[9]
• 4 August – return of the British Graham Land Expedition from Antarctica.
• 27 August – Benjamin Britten's string orchestral work Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge, Op. 10, receives its concert première at the Salzburg Festival, bringing the composer to international attention.^[10]
• 7 September – Witley Court in Worcestershire is gutted by fire.^[11]
• 30 September – last issue of The Morning Post newspaper before it is absorbed by The Daily Telegraph.
• October–December – Croydon typhoid outbreak of 1937: 341 cases of typhoid fever (43 fatal) result from a polluted well.
• 6 October – the fictional character 'Mrs. Miniver' first appears in the column on domestic life written by 'Jan Struther' for The Times.^[12]
• 16 October – Jimmy McGrory plays his last match with Celtic F.C., achieving a United Kingdom record of 550 goals scored during his senior career.^[13]
• 4 December – the first issue of children's comic The Dandy, including the character Desperate Dan, is published.^[2]
• 10 December
  • Nobel Prizes announced:
    • Lord Robert Cecil wins the Nobel Peace Prize.^[14]
    • George Thomson wins the Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Clinton Davisson "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals".^[15]
    • Walter Haworth wins half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C".^[16]
  • Castlecary rail crash: an express on the Edinburgh to Glasgow line collides into the rear of a local train standing at Castlecary in the snow, due primarily to a signalman's error; 35 are killed.^[17]
• 16 December – the musical Me and My Girl opens in the West End Victoria Palace Theatre; the dance number "The Lambeth Walk" becomes popular.^[18]
• December – the Hawker Hurricane enters service with the Royal Air Force as its first monoplane fighter aircraft (with No. 111 Squadron at Northolt).^[19]
• Undated – Kensal House in Ladbroke Grove, London, two low-rise blocks of modernist flats for the working class designed by Maxwell Fry, is completed as a prototype for modern urban living.^[20]

Publications[]

• 21 May – Penguin Books launches its Pelican Books sixpenny paperback non-fiction imprint with a 2-volume edition of Bernard Shaw's The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism.^[21]
• Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot novels Dumb Witness and Death on the Nile.
• A. J. Cronin's medical novel The Citadel.
• C. S. Forester's first Horatio Hornblower novel The Happy Return.
• David Jones' World War I epic In Parenthesis.
• George Orwell's book The Road to Wigan Pier.
• J. R. R. Tolkien's children's fantasy novel The Hobbit.

Births[]

• 1 January
  • Anne Aubrey, actress
  • John Fuller, poet and author
• 2 January – Terence Rigby, actor (died 2008)
• 8 January – Shirley Bassey, Welsh-born singer
• 9 January
  • Malcolm Cecil, jazz bassist and record producer (died 2021)^[22]
  • Michael Nicholson, journalist and author (died 2016)^[23]
• 14 January – Ken Higgs, English cricketer (died 2016)
• 18 January – John Hume, Northern Irish SDLP politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (died 2020)
• 19 January – Ian Samwell, rock guitarist, singer-songwriter and record producer (died 2003)
• 27 January – John Ogdon, pianist (died 1989)
• 29 January – Jeff Clyne, jazz bassist (died 2009)
• 30 January – Vanessa Redgrave, actress
• 10 February – Anne Anderson, Scottish physiologist (died 1983)
• 11 February – Ian Gow, Member of Parliament for Eastbourne assassinated by the IRA (died 1990)^[24]
• 12 February – Roland Boyes, Labour politician (died 2006)
• 16 February – Peter Hobday, radio presenter and journalist (died 2020)
• 17 February – Peter Beet, doctor and railway preservationist (died 2005)
• 21 February – Jilly Cooper, novelist
• 25 February – Tom Courtenay, actor
• 9 April
  • Barrington J. Bayley, science fiction author (died 2008)
  • Valerie Singleton, television presenter
• 10 April – Stan Mellor, National Hunt jockey and trainer (died 2020)
• 18 April
  • Jan Kaplický, Czech-born British architect (died 2009)
  • Teddy Taylor, politician (died 2017)
• 29 April – Jill Paton Walsh, born Gillian Bliss, novelist (died 2020)
• 1 May
  • Tamsyn Imison, illustrator and educator (died 2017)
  • Una Stubbs, actress (died 2021)
• 12 May
  • Beryl Burton, racing cyclist (died 1996)
  • Susan Hampshire, actress
• 13 May
  • Trevor Baylis, inventor of the wind-up radio (died 2018)
  • John Cope, Baron Cope of Berkeley, accountant and politician, Treasurer of the Household
• 19 May – Pat Roach, wrestler and actor (died 2004)
• 26 May – Neil Ardley, composer (died 2004)
• 2 June – Rosalyn Higgins, born Rosalyn C. Cohen, President of the International Court of Justice
• 8 June – Gillian Clarke, Welsh poet and playwright
• 15 June – Alan Thornett, Trotskyist activist
• 16 June – Charmian May, actress (died 2002)
• 21 June – John Edrich, cricketer (died 2020)
• 23 June – Sir Nicholas Shackleton, geologist (died 2006)
• 26 June – Len Worley, English footballer
• 2 July – Dee Palmer (b. David Palmer), composer, arranger and progressive rock keyboardist
• 3 July
  • Brian Garvey, English footballer
  • Tom Stoppard, Czech-born playwright
• 13 July – Ghillean Prance, botanist and ecologist
• 14 July – Duncan MacKay, Scottish footballer (died 2019)
• 16 July
  • Tommy Bruce, singer (died 2006)
  • Jeremy Spenser, actor
• 17 July – Alan Hopper, English footballer
• 18 July – Peter Smith, Scottish footballer
• 21 July – Neville Bannister, footballer
• 27 July – Anna Dawson, actress
• 2 August – Jim McLean, football player and manager (died 2020)
• 4 August – Dave Pearson, painter (died 2008)
• 6 August – Barbara Windsor, actress (died 2020)^[25]
• 18 August – Willie Rushton, comedian, actor and writer (died 1996)
• 20 August – Jim Bowen, born Peter Williams, stand-up comedian and television host (died 2018)
• 21 August – Donald Dewar, First Minister of Scotland (died 2000)
• 2 September
  • John Cornforth, architectural historian (died 2004)
  • Derek Fowlds, actor (died 2020)
• 13 September – Jessica Mann, crime novelist (died 2018)
• 16 September – Keith Bosley, broadcaster, poet and translator (died 2018)
• 1 October – Matthew Carter, type designer
• 4 October – Jackie Collins, romance novelist (died 2015 in the United States)
• 7 October – Christopher Booker, journalist (died 2019)
• 9 October – Brian Blessed, actor
• 11 October – Bobby Charlton, English footballer
• 17 October – Paxton Whitehead, English actor
• 24 October – Barry Davies, English journalist and sportscaster
• 16 November – Alan Budd, economist and academic
• 8 November – Paul Foot, British journalist (died 2004)
• 9 November – Roger McGough, Liverpool poet
• 17 November – Peter Cook, comedian and writer (died 1995)
• 27 November – Rodney Bewes, television actor (died 2017)
• 30 November – Ridley Scott, film director
• 7 December – Kenneth Colley, actor
• 10 December – Scott Baker, lawyer and judge
• 21 December – Jimmy Collins, Scottish footballer (died 2018)
• 26 December – John Horton Conway, mathematician (died 2020)
• 29 December – Barbara Steele, actress
• 30 December – Gordon Banks, English goalkeeper (died 2019)
• 31 December – Anthony Hopkins, Welsh-born actor

Deaths[]

• 5 January – Marie Booth, third daughter of William and Catherine Booth (born 1864)
• 10 January – Bertie Crewe, theatre architect (born 1860)
• 18 January – Isaac Barr, Anglican clergyman, promoter of colonial settlement schemes (born 1847)
• 28 January – Dame Agnes Jekyll, artist, writer on domestic matters and philanthropist (born 1861)
• 19 February – Edward Garnett, critic (born 1868)
• 20 February – Sir Percy Cox, army general and colonial administrator (born 1864)
• 27 February – Douglas Carnegie, politician (born 1870)
• 13 March – Elihu Thomson, engineer and inventor in the United States (born 1853)
• 16 March – Sir Austen Chamberlain, statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1863)
• 20 March – Harry Vardon, golf professional (born 1870)
• 22 March
  • Alfred Dyke Acland, military officer (born 1858)
  • Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford, aviator, ornithologist, in plane crash (born 1865)
• 25 March – John Drinkwater, poet and dramatist (born 1882)
• 8 April
  • Billy Bassett, footballer (born 1869)
  • Sir William Henry Hadow, educationalist (born 1859)
• 19 April – Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, art critic, politician and mountaineer (born 1856)
• 24 April – Lucy Beaumont, actress (born 1869)
• 10 May – Sir James Blindell, politician (born 1884)
• 12 May
  • Sir Henry Birchenough, businessman and public servant (born 1853)
  • Cecil Meares, explorer (born 1877)
• 15 May – Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1864)
• 5 June – Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant, shipowner
• 11 June – R. J. Mitchell, aeronautical engineer (born 1895)
• 19 June – J. M. Barrie, novelist and dramatist (born 1860)
• 22 June – Sir Eric Geddes, transport manager and politician (born 1875)
• 12 July – Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss, politician, public servant (born 1857)
• 17 July – Percy Gardner, archaeologist (born 1846)
• 18 July – Julian Bell, poet, killed in Spanish Civil War (born 1908)
• 14 August – H. C. McNeile (Sapper), novelist and soldier (born 1888)
• 22 August – Albert Goodman, politician (born 1880)
• 24 August – Gervase Beckett, politician (born 1866)
• 31 August – Ruth Baldwin, socialite (born 1905)
• 6 September – Harry Charles Purvis Bell, civil servant, commissioner (born 1851)
• 15 September – Clifford Heatherley, actor (born 1888)
• 16 October – William Sealy Gosset, statistician (born 1876)
• 17 October – J. Bruce Ismay, shipowner (born 1862)
• 30 October – Sir Herbert Maxwell, Scottish novelist, essayist, artist, antiquarian, horticulturalist and Conservative politician (born 1845)
• 4 November – William Bennett, politician (born 1873)
• 6 November – Johnston Forbes-Robertson, stage actor (born 1853)
• 9 November – Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1866)
• 25 November – Lilian Baylis, theatrical producer (born 1874)
• 9 December — Lilias Armstrong, phonetician (born 1882)
• 22 December – Joseph Darby, spring jumper (born 1861)
• 26 December
  • Ivor Gurney, war poet and composer, of tuberculosis (born 1890)
  • Mittie Frances Clarke Point, American novelist (born 1850)
• 27 December – Sir Coote Hedley, army officer and sportsman (born 1865)
• 28 December – Herbert Bullmore, Scottish Rugby Union international (born 1874)

See also[]

• List of British films of 1937

References[]

External links[]