1958 French legislative election

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1958 French legislative election
← 1956 23 and 30 November 1958 1962 →
All 576 seats to the French National Assembly
289 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout77.1% (Decrease 5.7 pp) (1st round)
  Majority party Minority party Third party
  Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F015892-0010, Charles de Gaulle (cropped 2).jpg
CNIP
 Pierre Pflimlin (12173103323).jpg
Leader Charles de Gaulle none Pierre Pflimlin
Party UNR CNIP MRP
Leader's seat none none Bas-Rhin-8th
Last election 22 seats 95 seats 71 seats
Seats won 189 132 57
Seat change Increase 173 Increase 37 Decrease 26
Popular vote 3,603,958 (1st round)
4,769,052 (2nd round) 		4,092,600 (1st round)
4,250,083 (2nd round) 		2,387,788 (1st round)
1,365,064 (2nd round)
Percentage 17.6% (1st round)
26.4% (2nd round) 		19.9% (1st round)
23.6% (2nd round) 		11.6% (1st round)
7.5% (2nd round)
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  Guy Mollet Archief.PNG USSR stamp M.Thorez 1965 6k.jpg
Leader Guy Mollet Félix Gaillard Maurice Thorez
Party SFIO PRV PCF
Leader's seat Pas-de-Calais-1st Charente Seine
Last election 95 seats 77 seats 150 seats
Seats won 40 37 10
Seat change Decrease 55 Decrease 40 Decrease 140
Popular vote 3,167,354 (1st round)
2,484,417 (2nd round) 		2,695,287 (1st round)
1,398,409 (2nd round) 		3,882,204 (1st round)
3,741,384 (2nd round)
Percentage 15.5% (1st round)
13.8% (2nd round) 		12.9% (1st round)
7.7% (2nd round) 		18.9% (1st round)
20.7% (2nd round)
PM before election

Charles de Gaulle
UNR

Elected PM

Michel Debré
UNR

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The French legislative elections took place on 23 and 30 November 1958 to elect the first National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic.[1]

Since 1954, the French Fourth Republic had been mired in the Algerian War.[2] In May 1958, Pierre Pflimlin, a Christian-Democrat, became Prime Minister.[3] He was known to be in favour of a negotiated settlement with the Algerian nationalists.[4] On 13 May riots broke out in Algiers, with the complicity of the army.[5] A rebel government seized power in Algiers in order to defend "French Algeria". The next day, General Massu demanded the return to power of General Charles de Gaulle.[6]

The rebellious generals took control of Corsica threatening to conduct an assault on Paris, involving paratroopers and armoured forces based at Rambouillet.[6] In Paris, the political leaders were trying to find a compromise.[7] On 1 June De Gaulle replaced Pflimlin to lead a government of national unity and nominated as Ministers of State (Vice-Prime Ministers) Pierre Pflimlin (Popular Republican Movement, MRP), Guy Mollet (French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Louis Jacquinot (National Center of Independents and Peasants, CNIP) and Félix Houphouët-Boigny.[8] He obtained the right to develop a new Constitution.[9] Only the Communists and some center-left politicians such as Pierre Mendès-France and François Mitterrand, opposed this "coup against the Republic".[7][10]

On 28 September the new Constitution was approved by 79.25% of voters. The Fifth Republic was born. The two-round system was re-established for the legislative elections.[11] The Gaullists created the Union for the New Republic which became the largest parliamentary group. Their opponents were crushed. The small number of left-wing MPs elected may be explained by divisions among left-leaning parties between supporters and opponents to the Fifth Republic: the two-round ballot tends to reward parties which are able to form alliances with each other.[12]

On 21 December de Gaulle was elected President of France by an electoral college.[13] His Justice Minister Michel Debré became Prime Minister.[14] The pro-Fifth Republic center-left parties (SFIO and Radical Party) left the presidential majority.[15][1] This established the first gaullist centre-right government.

Results (Metropolitan France)[16][]

Assemblée nationale Ie législature.svg
Parties and coalitions 1st round 2nd round Total seats
Votes % Votes %
Union for the New Republic (Union pour la nouvelle République) and Gaullists UNR 3,603,958 17.6 4,769,052 26.4 189
National Center of Independents and Peasants (Centre national des indépendants et paysans) and Moderates CNIP 4,092,600 19.9 4,250,083 23.6 132
Popular Republican Movement (Mouvement républicain populaire) and Christian Democrats MRP 2,387,788 11.6 1,365,064 7.5 57
French Section of the Workers International (Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière) SFIO 3,167,354 15.5 2,484,417 13.8 40
Radical Party (Parti radical), Dissidents and Republican Center Rad 2,695,287 12.9 1,398,409 7.7 37
French Communist Party (Parti communiste français) PCF 3,882,204 18.9 3,741,384 20.7 10
Extreme Right 669,518 3.3 - - 1
Total 20,489,709 99.7 99.7 466
Abstention: 22.9% (1st round)

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 253–266.
  2. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 26–44.
  3. ^ Laponce 1961, pp. 1–2.
  4. ^ Laponce 1961, pp. 9–10; Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 60–61.
  5. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 62.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Watson 2003, pp. 123–129; Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 81–91.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 92–97.
  8. ^ Laponce 1961, pp. 12–13; Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 154.
  9. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 117.
  10. ^ Mitterrand 1964.
  11. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 210–236, 335–358.
  12. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 249–266.
  13. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 182, 270.
  14. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 152, 273.
  15. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 242–246.
  16. ^ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 258, N.B.: Unofficial and partly reconstructed

References[]

  • Macridis, Roy C; Brown, Bernard Edward (1960). Long, Norton E. (ed.). The De Gaulle Republic: Quest For Unity. The Dorsey Series in Political Science (1st ed.). Homewood: The Dorsey Press. LCCN 60-14048. OCLC 408387. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  • Laponce, J. A. (1961). The government of the Fifth Republic: French Political Parties and the Constitution. Berkeley, Los Angeles; London: University of California; Cambridge University. LCCN 60-14656. OCLC 501634. Retrieved 11 November 2014 – via Internet Archive.
  • Watson, William E. (2003). Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World. Perspectives on the twentieth century (10th ed.). Westport: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97470-7. ISSN 1538-9626. LCCN 2002030336. OCLC 50322732. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  • Mitterrand, François (1964). Le Coup d'Etat permanent (in French). Paris: Plon.
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