Beylik
Chobanids / Çobanoğulları
Capital Kastamonu Common languages Turkish Religion
Sunni Islam Government Beylik Bey • 1227
Hüsamettin Çoban Bey • 1309
Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey
Historical era Late Medieval • Established
1227 • Disestablished
1309
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Jandarids
The Chobanids (Turkish : Çobanoğulları or Çobanoğulları Beyliği ) were the ruling dynasty of the Anatolian beylik the controlled the city and region of Kastamonu in the 13th century.
History [ ]
The founder of the dynasty was Hüsamettin Çoban , a prominent Kayı statesman and a commander of the Sultans of Rum during the reigns of Kaykaus I and his successor Kayqubad I . In the early decades of the 13th century, Hüsamettin Çoban was one of the commanders of the raids that extended Seljuq territory in northern Anatolia at the expense of the Byzantine Empire of Trebizond . As a result, he had acquired Kastamonu as a fiefdom . Between 1224 and 1227, he also led the Seljuq army and fleet that set sail from Sinop and captured and fortified the city of Sudak in Crimea .[1]
After Hüsamettin Çoban's death, his hereditary possessions centered in Kastamonu were ruled respectively by his son and grandson, Alp Yürek and Yavlak Arslan . Until the last years of Yavlak Arslan's reign, the Chobanid Beys pursued a prudent policy of allegiance to the Mongols who had established their hegemony over Anatolia following the Battle of Köse Dag .[2] A rebellion in the end by Yavlak Arslan resulted in his death in battle before Kastamonu against combined Seljuq–Mongol forces, and the region was given to the Seljuq commander Shams al-Din Yaman Jandar , whose descendants were to found the Jandarid Principality in the same region.
Yaman Candar was momentarily pushed out of the region by Yavlak Arslan's son Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey , who also organized further raids into Byzantine territory to extend his domain. But in 1309, this last Bey of Chobanids fell victim to an ambush by Yaman Candar's son Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha and the region of Kastamonu passed to the Jandarids.
Chobanid dynasty left important works of architecture in and around Kastamonu. The Ottomans were vassals between 1281 and 1299 but declared independence after Yavlak Arslan stopped raiding the Byzantines in 1299.[citation needed ]
List of rulers [ ]
Hüsamettin Çoban (from 1227)
Alp Yürek (d. 1280)
Muzaffer al-Din Yavlak Arslan (1280–1292)
Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey (1292–1309)
See also [ ]
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
References [ ]
External links [ ]
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Important centers and extension
Konya
Kayseri
Sivas (1175)
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Alanya
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Dynasty Chronology Palaces and castles
in Konya (1190–1220)
Kubadabad Palace in Beyşehir (1220–1230)
in Kayseri (1220–1230)
Alanya Kızıl Kule (Red Tower ) and Shipyard constructions and widescale extension of Alanya Castle
Külliye ("complexes") and dar al-shifa (hospitals) and medrese (schools) and mosques:Caravanserais
Ağzıkara Han caravanserai near Aksaray (1237)
caravanserai near Denizli (1254)
caravanserai in (~1280)
caravanserai near Manavgat
caravanserai near Aksaray (1190)
Altınapa Han caravanserai between Beyşehir and Konya (1201)
caravanserai between Konya and Akşehir (1201)
caravanserai in Divriği (13th century)
caravanserai near Samsun (~1250)
Çardak Han (Hanabad ) caravanserai in Çardak (1230)
Çay Han caravanserai in Çay (1279)
caravanserai in Konya (1210)
caravanserai in Eğirdir (1238)
caravanserai near Eğirdir (1224)
caravanserai near Afşin –Elbistan (~1225)
caravanserai near Antalya (1224)
caravanserai near Amasya (1246)
caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray
caravanserai between Amasya and Tokat
Hekim Han caravanserai in Hekimhan (1220)
caravanserai near Konya (1249)
caravanserai near Bucak (1239)
Kadın Han caravanserai in Kadınhanı (1223)
caravanserai near (1241)
caravanserai near Antalya (1246)
caravanserai near Kırşehir (1268)
caravanserai near Antalya (1246)
caravanserai near Konya (1206)
caravanserai near Konya (1210)
caravanserai near Anamur (13th century)
caravanserai near Divriği (13th century)
caravanserai near Konya (1230)
caravanserai near Aksaray (~1275)
caravanserai near Tokat (1239)
caravanserai near Konya (1236)
caravanserai near Alanya (1246)
caravanserai near Ürgüp (1249)
caravanserai between Malatya and Pötürge (13th century)
caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray (1229)
caravanserai near Bünyan between Kayseri and Sivas (1236)
caravanserai near Bucak (1246)
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show Tzachas (1081 - 1092)
Founder
Tzachas
Capital
İzmir
Chronology Important centers and extension:
show Chronology
1207
Submitted to the Ayyoubids
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1100–1112)
(? - ?)
(? - ?)
(1128–1185)
(1185–1193)
(1193–1197)
(1185–1207)
Important works:
show Artuqids (1102 - )
Ancestors
Eksük and his son Artuk , from Döğer Oghuz Türkmen clan
Founder
Capitals
Three branches in Hasankeyf , Mardin and Harput
Important centers and extension:
Diyarbakır
Hasankeyf
Silvan
Mardin
Midyat
Harput
Palu
Aleppo (temporarily in 1117 )
Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty: Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:
(1106–1122)
(1122–1154)
(1154–1176)
Harput Dynasty:
(1112–1124)
(? - ?)
(? - ?)
Important works:
Artuqid Palace in Diyarbakır
Widescale extension of
Malabadi Bridge
Sökmenli Nasirüddevle Bîmaristan-ı Farukî Medical Center (Darüşşifa ) in Silvan (1108)
Emineddin (brother of Ilgazi ) Medical Center (Darüşşifa ) in Mardin (built between 1122)
(Cami-i Kebir )
in Mardin
near Keban between Elazığ and Çemişgezek
show Danishmends (1071–1178)
Founder
Danishmend Gazi
Capitals
Sivas
Niksar
Chronology
1175
Capital city of Sivas incorporated into the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
1178
Malatya branch incorporated into the Seljuk Sultanate
Important centers and extension:
Sivas
Niksar
Malatya
Kayseri
Tokat
Amasya
Kastamonu
Ankara
Dynasty:
Danishmend Gazi (1071–1105)
(1105–1134)
(1134–1146)
Yağıbasan (1146–1164)
(1164–1175)
Important works:
show Mengujekids (1071–1277)
Founder
Capitals
Erzincan , later also Divriği
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1071–1118)
(1118–1120)
1120–1142
Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of Danishmends
Erzincan and Kemah Branch Divriği Branch
Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)
1277
Beylik destroyed by Abaka
Important works:
show Chronology Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1072–1102)
(1102 - ~1124)
(~1124–1132)
(1132–1168)
(1168–1191)
Mama Hatun (1191–1200)
(1200–1202)
Important works:
in Erzurum
in Tercan
in Tercan
in Erzurum
Erzurum Medical Center (Darüşşifa ) (1147)
show Aydinids (1307–1425)
Founder
Capitals
Birgi , later Ayasluğ
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1307–1334)
Umur Beg (1334–1348)
(? - ?)
(- 1390)
Events
1390
First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt
1402–1414
Second period of Beylik reconstituted by Tamerlane to (1402–1403)
(1403–1405)
İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey (1405–1425 with intervals )
1425
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works:
Isabey Mosque in Selçuk (1375)
show Chronology
1392
Incorporation (by conquest) of Kastamonu branch into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I
Important centers and extension:
Sinop
Eflani
Çankırı
Kalecik
Tosya
Araç
Samsun (temporarily )
Dynasty:
(1309 - ~1340)
(1340–1345)
(1340–1361)
(1361–1385)
(1384–1392)
Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :
Isfendiyar Bey (1385–1440)
(1440–1443)
(1443–1461)
Chronology
1461
Incorporation (by surrender) of Sinop branch into the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II
show Chronology Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
show Dulkadirids (1348- ~1525)
Ancestor
Founder
Capital
Elbistan
Chronology
1443–1525
Increasingly tributary and gradually incorporated into the Ottoman Empire
Important centers and extension:
Maraş
Malatya
Harput
Kayseri
Antep
Dynasty:
(1348–1348)
(1348–1386)
(1386–1396)
(1396–1443)
(1443–1454)
(?-?)
Shah Budak (?-1492)
(?-?)
(1492–1507)
(1507- ~1525)
show
Founder
, brother-in-law of the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia, Timurtash
Capital
Sivas , later Kayseri
Chronology Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1328–1352)
(1352–1365)
(1365–1380)
(1380–1381)
show Chronology
1326
Beylik destroyed by Demirtaş , the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1288–1302)
(1302–1320)
(1320–1326)
Important works:
show Germiyanids (1300–1429)
Important centers and extension: Dynasty: Chronology
1390
First period of incorporation (by legation) into the Ottoman Empire under Murad I
1402–1414
Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to (1402–1429)
1414
Recognition of Ottoman sovereignty by under Mehmed I
1429
Second and last incorporation (by legation) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
show Chronology
1374
Incorporation (by sale of territories) into the Ottoman Empire under Murad I and also partially to the Karamanid dynasty.
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(~1280–1324)
(1324–1330)
(? - ?)
(? - ?)
(? - ?)
(? - 1391)
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Ancestor
from Afshar Oghuz clan
Founder
Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
Capitals
successively Ereğli
Ermenek
Larende (Karaman )
Konya
Mut
Chronology
1398–1402
First incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I
1402–1414
Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane
1414–1487
Gradual second incorporation into the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed I , Murad II and Mehmed II .
Dynasty:
show Chronology
1374
Incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman Beylik under Orhan and Murad I
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1307–1328)
(1328–1345)
(1328–1345)
Süleyman Bey (1345–1360)
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Ancestor
Founder
Capital
Denizli
Chronology
1368
Re-incorporation (by conquest) into the Beylik of Germiyan
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(~1300 - ~1314)
(~1314 - ?)
(? - ~1360)
Süleyman Bey (1345–1368)
show
Founder
Capitals
Beçin castle and nearby Milas , later also Balat
Important centers and extension Dynasty:
(~1261 - ~1282)
Mesut (~1282 - ~1320)
(~1320 - ~1340)
(~1340 - ~1360)
Chronology
1360
Division between the three sons of Ibrahim Bey: Musa, Mehmed, Ahmed
1390
First incorporation into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt
1402–1414
Beylik reconstituted by Tamerlane to
1414
Recognition of Ottoman suzereignty under Mehmed I
1424
Final incorporation into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works:
show Chronology Important centers and extension: Dynasty: Important works
Muîneddin Pervâne Medical Center (Darüşşifa ) in Tokat (1276)
Pervâne Medrese in Sinop
caravanserai in Durağan (1266)
caravanserai near İhsaniye (1278)
in in Kayseri
Mosque in Merzifon
show Ramadanids (1352–1516)
Founder
from Yüreğir Oghuz clan
Capitals
Adana
Chronology
1516
Icorporation (by submission) into the Ottoman Empire under Selim I
1516–1608
Dynasty members as Beys of Ottoman sanjak of Adana until 1608.
Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1344-?)
(?-1416)
(1416–1417)
(1417–1427)
(1427-?)
(? - ?)
(? - ?)
(?-1490)
(1490–1511)
(1511–1516)
(?-?)
(1517-?)
show Chronology
1341
Incorporation into the Beylik of Germiyan
Important centers and extension: Dynasty
(1275–1288) and sons
(1288–1341)
Important works:
show Important centers and extension: Dynasty Chronology
1390
First period of incorporation (by submission) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt
1402–1410
Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to (1402–1403)
(1403–1410)
1410
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Mehmed I
show Important centers and extension: Dynasty:
(1301-?)
(?-1327)
(? - ?)
(?-?)
(~1360 - ~1375)
(~1375–1390)
Chronology
1390
First period of incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt
1402–1423
Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to (1402–1423)
1423
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works:
Yivli Minare Mosque in Antalya (~1375)
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