Djeoromitxí language

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Djeoromitxi
Jabuti
Native toBrazil
RegionRondônia, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco
Ethnicity170 (2012)[1]
Native speakers
50 (2012)
Macro-Gê
Language codes
ISO 639-3jbt
Glottologdjeo1235
ELPJabutí

Djeoromitxi or Jabutí (Yabuti) is a endangered Yabutian language that is spoken by only about fifty people (though including some children) in Rondônia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco.

Phonology[]

There is no tonal system in Djeoromitxí and accent is not contrastive. Morphophonological processes are rare.

Syllable structure follows a (C)V pattern.[2]

Consonants[]

The table below shows the consonant phonemes of Djeoromitxí according to Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010).[3]

Although Pires (1992) counts /b/ /d/ as distinct phonemes, Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010) count them as allophones of /m/ /n/ before oral vowels.[4]

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive p t k
Affricate voiceless ps tʃ
voiced bz dʒ
Fricative h
Approximant w
Trill/Tap r

According to Pires (1992), [ɸ] is an allophone of /p/ before high and medium round vowels, and [ɲ] is an allophone of /n/ following the high nasal vowel /ĩ/.

While /ps/ and /bz/ only occur before /i/, they are contrastive with the other bilabial obstruents.[5]

According to Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010), /k/ is backed to [q] before [ʉ] and often aspirated before /ə/ and /u/. They state that /p/ is realized as [ɸ] or [pɸ] before back vowels and [ʉ].

When preceded by a personal prefix, or when starting the second element of a compound, /h/ becomes /r/. With some roots, /h/ can become /n/ in a similar manner.[6]

Vowels[]

The tables below show the vowel phonemes of Djeoromitxí according to Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010).[3]

The accounts of Pires (1992) and Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010) basically agree on the vowel phonemes.

Oral Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ʉ u
Close-mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
Nasal Vowels
Front Central Back
Close ĩ
Open-mid ɛ̃ ɔ̃
Open ã

According to Pires (1992), [ũ] is an allophone of /õ/ in free variation with [õ] after /h/.[7]

Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010) state that /ʉ/ is often realized as [ø].[3]

Grammar[]

Djeoromitxí has nouns, verbs, adverbs and particles, with adjectives treated as intransitive verbs. Its syntax is noun-modifier and SOV or OVS in order.[8]

The following examples demonstrate noun-modifier and SOV word order.

(1)[9]

paku

woman

nõtʃi

old

Ø-

3-

hukʉkʉ

leave

paku nõtʃi Ø- hukʉkʉ

woman old 3- leave

'The old woman left'

(2)[10]

adʒɛ

you

na

3

ri

DAT

kuka

fruit

õ

give

adʒɛ na ri kuka õ

you 3 DAT fruit give

'You give the fruit to him'

Pronouns and person markers[]

The following table shows Djeoromitxí pronominal forms.[8]

Pronoun Possessive/Preposition Intransitive subject Transitive subject Transitive object
1st person singular hʉ — — hʉ —
2nd person adʒɛ a- a- adʒɛ a-/adʒɛ
3rd person na i-/N i-/na/N na/N i-/N
1st person plural hirʉ hi- hi- hirʉ hi-
Impersonal — hi- — — i-/ɛ-

The use of the forms is illustrated in the following examples:[11]

(3)

hʉ

I

hamə

tired

hʉ hamə

I tired

'I'm tired'

(4)

adʒɛ

you

a-

2-

ramə

tired

adʒɛ a- ramə

you 2- tired

'You're tired'

(5)

nikʉ

field

nikʉ

field

'my planted field (with maize)'

(6)

i-

3-

rawa

flower

i- rawa

3- flower

'(its) flower'

(7)

hʉ

I

a-

2-

tʉmi

beat

adʒɛ

you

hʉ a- tʉmi adʒɛ

I 2- beat you

'I'm going to beat you'

(8)

hʉ

I

i-

3-

tɛ

bring

a-

2-

ri

DAT

i-

3-

ũ

give

adʒɛ

you

hʉ i- tɛ a- ri i- ũ adʒɛ

I 3- bring 2- DAT 3- give you

'I brought it to give to you'

References[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Djeoromitxí language at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
  2. ^ Pires (1992), pp. 17.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010), pp. 531.
  4. ^ Pires (1992), pp. 19.
  5. ^ Pires (1992), pp. 20.
  6. ^ Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010), pp. 532–533.
  7. ^ Pires (1992), pp. 34.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010), pp. 533.
  9. ^ Pires (1992), pp. 68: Orthography and gloss adapted to match Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010)'s style.
  10. ^ Pires (1992), pp. 96: Orthography and gloss adapted to match Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010)'s style.
  11. ^ Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010), pp. 533–535.

Works cited[]

  • Pires, Nádia N. (1992). Estudo da gramática da língua Jeoromitxi (Jabuti) (MA thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
  • Ribeiro, Eduardo; van der Voort, Hein (2010). "Nimuendajú was right: The inclusion of the Jabutí language family in the Macro-Jê stock". International Journal of American Linguistics. 76 (4): 517–570.

External links[]

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