Hưng Yên Province

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Hưng Yên Province

Tỉnh Hưng Yên
Văn miếu Xích Đằng 01.JPG
Văn miếu Xích Đằng 02.JPG
VG Hung Yen.jpg
Xuan Quan Van Giang Hung Yen.jpg
Ecopark Hung Yen.jpg
PVF Hưng Yên.jpg
Thành Phố Hưng Yên.jpg
Phật Quang.jpeg
Nickname(s): 
Idyllic Prosperity
Location of Hưng Yên within Vietnam
Location of Hưng Yên within Vietnam
Coordinates: 20°50′N 106°5′E / 20.833°N 106.083°E / 20.833; 106.083Coordinates: 20°50′N 106°5′E / 20.833°N 106.083°E / 20.833; 106.083
Country Vietnam
RegionRed River Delta
CapitalHưng Yên
Subdivision1 city, 8 rural districts, one town
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • BodyHưng Yên Provincial People's Council
 • Chairman of People's CouncilTrần Quốc Toản
 • Chairman of People's CommitteeTrần Quốc Văn
Area
 • Province930.22 km2 (359.16 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[2]
 • Province1,252,731
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
152,918
Ethnic groups
 • Vietnamese[3]99.1%
 • Tày0.2%
 • Thái0.2%
 • Mường0.2%
 • Others0.3%
Time zoneUTC+07:00 (ICT)
Area codes221
ISO 3166 codeVN-66
License plate89
ClimateCwa
Websitehungyen.gov.vn

Hưng Yên (About this soundlisten) is a province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It covers an area of 930.22 km2 (359.2 sq mi), comprising 1 city, 8 rural districts, and 1 district-leveled town, with a population of over 1 million people as of 2019. The province is a settlement along the banks of the Red River, bordered by 5 provinces and municipalities (Bắc Ninh Province, Hải Dương Province, Hà Nội, Thái Bình Province, Hà Nam Province).

Etymology[]

The province's name derives from the Sino-Vietnamese , meaning "prosperous and peace".

History[]

Feudal dynasties[]

The area of the province of Hưng Yên has been inhabited for millennia.

During the legendary Hưng Kings period, Hưng Yên belonged to Giao Chỉ, in district. Under the Ngô dynasty, it was called . It was then renamed Thái Bình phủ (phủ is an administrative unit) under the Early Lê dynasty, Dang Chau and Khoái Châu phủ under the Lý dynasty and Long Hung lo (lo is an administrative unit) and under the Trần Dynasty. Under the Later Lê dynasty, Hưng Yên belonged to Sơn Nam and then divided into Sơn Nam Thượng lo and Sơn Nam Hạ lo.

The Nguyễn dynasty implemented administrative reforms in 1831 to dismantle the trấn administrative units and establish provinces. Five districts of Đông Yên, Kim Động, Thiên Thi, Phù Cừ and Tiên Lữ were separated from Khoái Châu phủ of Sơn Nam Thượng trấn and three districts of Thần Khê, Hưng Nhân and Duyên Hà were separated from Tiên Hưng phủ of Nam Định trấn of lower Sơn Nam town to establish Hưng Yên Province. The initial centre of the province was located in and communes and then moved to of commune (now Hưng Yên city).

This area has favourable transport conditions with communes and markets lying side by side, enabling trading activities to be busier and busier. The Chronicle of Hưng Yên Province stated: "The streets are very busy and bustle, crowded with vehicles; the old images of Phổ Hiền in Sơn Nam can be seen now in this land".

French colonization[]

The name Hưng Yên officially appeared in the directory of the country in 1831. For that reason, prior to the French occupation of Vietnam, Hưng Yên was a province located on both sides of the Luộc River. Since its establishment, the province's territory has changed many times.

On March 27, 1833, French troops led by Captain Henri Rivière moved along the Red River from Hanoi and defeated Nam Định citadel. He then demanded Sub lieutenant Edgard de Trentinian to lead a unit of troops to attack Hưng Yên citadel. After occupying Hưng Yên, they made many efforts to strengthen their puppet government and establish various troop stations on one hand while speeding up the measuring and mapping work for deep involvement into communes and hamlets. However, they met many difficulties, confronting resistance by the Bãi Sậy uprising.

In 1890, the French set up the Bãi Sậy area consisting of Yên Mỹ, Yen Hao, Văn Lâm and Cam Luong districts for the purpose of easier suppression of revolts. After the failure of the Bãi Sậy rebellion, they merged Van Lam, Yên Mỹ and Yen Hao districts into Hưng Yên Province and returned Cam Luong district (now Cẩm Giàng) to Hải Dương Province.

Also in 1890, the French split Thần Khê district from Tiên Hưng phủ of Hưng Yên province and Thái Bình phủ and Kiến Xương phủ from Nam Định province and set up a new province called Thái Bình. Afterwards, they went on to cut Hưng Nhân and Duyen Ha districts and transferred Tiên Lữ district (formerly belonging to Tiên Hưng) to merge into Khoái Châu phủ. Ever since, the Luộc River has served as the natural border between Hưng Yên and Thái Bình. This period lasted from French colonization to the August Revolution in 1945.

Modern Vietnam[]

When the anti-French resistance war was won and peace was restored in the north, district-level administrative units remained unchanged, except the changes in the administrative names of some wards and communes.

On January 26, 1968, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly approved a resolution on the unification of Hải Dương and Hưng Yên into Hải Hưng Province. After that, on March 11, 1977, Văn Giang and Yên Mỹ districts were unified into Văn Yên district; Tiên Lữ and Phù Cừ districts were unified into Phù Tiên district; Văn Lâm and Mỹ Hào districts were unified into Văn Mỹ.

On February 24, 1979, Kim Động and Ân Thi districts were unified into Kim Thi district. Văn Yên and Văn Mỹ districts were unified into Mỹ Văn; Khoái Châu district and a part of Văn Giang district were unified into Châu Giang district.

On November 6, 1996, the National Assembly approved the division of Hải Hưng into Hải Dương and Hưng Yên. After that, the unified districts were split as the former administrative units.

Hưng Yên now has ten district and town-level administrative units: Hưng Yên city and the districts of Văn Lâm, Văn Giang, Mỹ Hào, Yên Mỹ, Khoái Châu, Ân Thi, Kim Động, Tiên Lữ and Phù Cừ, with a total 161 communes, districts and towns.

Geography[]

Location, topography[]

Hưng Yên is located in northern region of Vietnam, situated in the Vietnam's Red River delta. The terrain is relatively flat, consisting of low hills interspersed with plain.

The eastern gateway to Hanoi, Hưng Yên, has 23 km of the 5A National Highway and over 20 km of the Hanoi-Haiphong railway route. In addition, the national highways 39A and 38, which are prolonged from the National Highway 5, passes by Hưng Yên city, running to the National Highway 1A through Yên Lệnh Bridge and to the National Highway 10 through Triều Dương Bridge. This is an important transportation axis linking southwestern provinces in the Northern Delta (Hà Nam, Ninh Bình, Nam Định and Thanh Hóa) with Hải Dương, Haiphong and Quảng Ninh provinces.

Hưng Yên is close to Haiphong and seaports and Noi Bai International Airport. It has borders with Hanoi and the provinces of Bắc Ninh, Hà Tây, Hà Nam, Thái Bình and Hải Dương.

Climate[]

hideClimate data for Hưng Yên
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.0
(89.6)
32.6
(90.7)
37.0
(98.6)
37.4
(99.3)
38.5
(101.3)
39.4
(102.9)
38.4
(101.1)
37.5
(99.5)
35.2
(95.4)
34.0
(93.2)
34.5
(94.1)
30.5
(86.9)
39.4
(102.9)
Average high °C (°F) 19.5
(67.1)
19.7
(67.5)
22.3
(72.1)
26.7
(80.1)
30.9
(87.6)
32.4
(90.3)
32.7
(90.9)
31.7
(89.1)
30.5
(86.9)
28.3
(82.9)
25.2
(77.4)
21.7
(71.1)
26.8
(80.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.2
(61.2)
16.9
(62.4)
19.6
(67.3)
23.5
(74.3)
27.0
(80.6)
28.6
(83.5)
29.0
(84.2)
28.4
(83.1)
27.1
(80.8)
24.5
(76.1)
21.1
(70.0)
17.8
(64.0)
23.3
(73.9)
Average low °C (°F) 14.0
(57.2)
15.0
(59.0)
17.8
(64.0)
21.4
(70.5)
24.2
(75.6)
25.8
(78.4)
26.3
(79.3)
25.8
(78.4)
24.6
(76.3)
21.8
(71.2)
18.4
(65.1)
15.1
(59.2)
20.8
(69.4)
Record low °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8)
5.3
(41.5)
6.6
(43.9)
12.2
(54.0)
16.5
(61.7)
19.4
(66.9)
20.6
(69.1)
21.8
(71.2)
16.5
(61.7)
12.5
(54.5)
8.4
(47.1)
4.8
(40.6)
4.8
(40.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 26
(1.0)
25
(1.0)
48
(1.9)
92
(3.6)
172
(6.8)
229
(9.0)
219
(8.6)
286
(11.3)
261
(10.3)
187
(7.4)
75
(3.0)
24
(0.9)
1,644
(64.7)
Average precipitation days 9.1 12.8 16.6 13.8 13.1 14.2 13.1 15.5 13.7 11.2 7.3 5.5 146.0
Average relative humidity (%) 85.2 87.6 90.1 89.8 86.2 84.4 84.0 87.1 86.9 84.8 82.6 82.4 85.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 75 42 49 93 187 178 205 179 179 173 139 127 1,625
Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[4]

Like other provinces in the Red River Delta, Hưng Yên is affected by the hot and damp tropical monsoon climate. Every year, there are two separate hot and cold seasons in the province. The sun shines on average 1,519 hours per year and the average number of sunny days per month is 24. The average temperature is 23.2 °C in the summer and 16 °C in the winter.

The average rainfall is between 1,450 millimetres (57 in) and 1,650 millimetres (65 in) and the rainfall from May to October accounts for up to 70% of the year's total. The average humidity in the air is 86%; the highest level of humidity is 92% while the lowest level is 79%.

Natural resources[]

Hưng Yên has the features of a delta province: flat topography without hills and mountains. There are 61,037 hectares of agricultural land, of which 55,645 hectares (91%) are for yearly cultivation and the remainder are for cultivation of perennial plants, fish farming, specialized cultivation and other purposes. The area of unused natural land is about 7,471 hectares, which are all available for agricultural production and development.

Hưng Yên has a plentiful fresh water source because it is surrounded by the Hồng River and Luộc River. Its underground water source is also bountiful with a huge reserve. In the area along the 5A National Highway, from to , there lie mammoth underground water mines with a reserve of millions of cubic metres, which not only can supply water for industrial development and urban daily consumption but also can supply a big water volume for neighbouring localities.

Hưng Yên's lignite source, which is a part of the brown basin in the Red River Delta and has a 30-billion-tonne reserve, has not been exploited yet. However, there is big potential to develop the mining industry, meeting the energy demand in the domestic market and exports.

Administrative divisions[]

Hưng Yên is subdivided into 10 district-level sub-divisions, which are further subdivided into 161 commune-level sub-divisions.

Subdivisions of Hưng Yên
Name Population Commune-level sub-divisions
City (1)
Hưng Yên 116,356 7 wards, 10 communes
District-level town (1)
Mỹ Hào 112,793 7 wards, 6 communes
Rural districts (8)
Ân Thi 134,403 1 town, 20 communes
Khoái Châu 188,802 1 town, 24 communes
Name Population Commune-level sub-divisions
Kim Động 117,734 1 town, 16 communes
Phù Cừ 89,954 1 town, 13 communes
Tiên Lữ 93,118 1 town, 14 communes
Văn Giang 120,799 1 town, 10 communes
Văn Lâm 133,027 1 town, 10 communes
Yên Mỹ 156,333 1 town, 16 communes

Workforce[]

The natural population growth rate is 1% per year. Hưng Yên has 57,000 young and highly educated people of working age, representing 51% of the provincial population. The number of workers having attended training courses accounts for 25% of the population, mainly graduates from universities, colleges and high schools; and technical workers.

References[]

  1. ^ "Phê duyệt và công bố kết quả thống kê diện tích đất đai của cả nước năm 2018" [Announcements of area statistics for the whole country in 2018]. Act No. 2908/QĐ-BTNMT of November 13, 2019 (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam). - the data in the report are in ares, rounded to integers
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5.
  3. ^ Also called Kinh people
  4. ^ "Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction" (PDF). Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
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