House of Rohan
| House of Rohan de Rohan | |
|---|---|
| Noble family | |
 Motto: "A plus" | |
| Parent house | House of Porhoët |
| Country |  Duchy of Brittany France |
| Founded | 1116 |
| Founder | Alan I, Viscount of Rohan |
| Current head | Josselin de Rohan, 14th Duke of Rohan |
| Titles | Rohan |
| Estate(s) | Rohan Castle Palais Rohan, Strasbourg Palais Rohan, Bordeaux Josselin Castle Château de Joyeuse Garde Château de Blain Saint-Étienne-du-Gué-de-l'Isle Sychrov Castle Hôtel de Soubise |
| Cadet branches |
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The House of Rohan (Breton: Roc'han) is a Breton family of viscounts, later dukes and princes in the French nobility, coming from the locality of Rohan in Brittany. Their line descends from the viscounts of Porhoët and is said to trace back to the legendary Conan Meriadoc. Through the Porhoët, the Rohan are related to the Dukes of Brittany, with whom the family intermingled again after its inception. During the Middle Ages, it was one of the most powerful families in the Duchy of Brittany. They developed ties with the French and English royal houses as well, and played an important role in French and European history.
The only surviving branch of the family is the branch of the Rohan-Rocheforts, Dukes of Montbazon, Dukes of Bouillon and Austrian Princes of Rohan, who migrated in the early 19th century to Austria.[1][2]
Following his marriage (1645) with Marguerite de Rohan, only daughter of Henri II de Rohan, first Duke de Rohan (who died in 1638 with no male heir), Henri Chabot, a descendant of the eldest branch of the House of Chabot, from Poitou, was made Duke of Rohan in 1648 and allowed to use the name Rohan-Chabot instead of his own, thus giving birth to the House of Rohan-Chabot.[3][4]
Origins[]
The family of Rohan claimed to be descended from first kings of Brittany, and even from the legendary king Conan Meriadoc.[5]
The Rohans were descended from the Viscounts of Porhoët. According to J.-P. Soubigou, the first known viscount, (fl. 1028), was probably Viscount of Rennes as well and connected to the nobility of the Loire region, but he could have belonged to a Breton line holding estates around , where he built a castle.[6]
Guethenoc's son († 1074), took part to the Battle of Hastings and conquest of England by William the Conqueror. He was granted lands in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Gloucestershire, and the town of Caerwent. He was the father of Mainguy, Bishop of Vannes, and Odo I, Viscount of Porhoët, Rohan and Guéméné († after 1092), who married Anne of Léon and had several sons: Geoffrey, who inherited the viscounty of Porhoët, and Alain I the Black (1084-1147), Viscount of Rohan and Castelnoec (fl. 1127), who built the castle of Rohan and was the first member of the House of Rohan.[2]
History[]
From the 12th century to the 15th century, the Rohans kept securing and increasing their estates through marriages, acquisitions, inheritances, bequests and exchanges. Thus they became rivals of the Dukes of Brittany all through the Middle Ages, according to their interest, sometimes carrying out the most important charges of the Duchy faithfully, sometimes rebelling, as did in the last years of Breton independence. The "great viscount", then more powerful than ever, controlled nearly 200,000 Bretons on about a fifth of the Breton territory.[7] The heart of the viscounty of Rohan is made of the rohannais triangle[8] (the three large fortresses of La Chèze, Josselin and Pontivy) whose center is the village of Rohan, the family's nominal fief whose castle is abandoned in favor of the other three.[9]
To counter the power of the immense fiefs of the Rohan and families, which divided the Armorican peninsula into two equal parts, the Breton dukes denied them access to the coasts[10] and blocked them in the eastern part of the duchy through the fortresses of the Marches of Neustria#Breton March, whose main strongholds were Rennes and Nantes.[11] The Rohans, then unpopular in a very Breton-tradition environment, were neutralized for the time being, and struck back only with the French army's direct support during the campaign of 1487 in the French-Breton War, which was marked by internal divisions among the barons of Brittany (Rohan, Rieux, Laval...) who constantly changed sides.[12] In winter 1487–1488, John II was encircled by the ducal troops: his strongholds of La Chèze, Josselin, Rohan and Pontivy fell one after another in March 1488. The viscount was still coveting the ducal crown for his son but failed. In 1491, the marriage between Anne of Brittany and Charles VIII initiated the annexation of the duchy to the French crown, a union that was permanently ratified in 1532.
The Rohan family married several times into the Breton ducal family, the last time in 1407.
Henry II of Rohan chose Pontivy as the capital city of his fief. The chief of the Protestant party during Marie de' Medici’s regency Louis XIII’s reign, he was one of the greatest captains of his time.[13]
In the 17th century, members of the Rohan family began to use their genealogy and their power at the French Court to obtain the rank of prince étranger, thus coming second after the princes du sang before all dukes and peers. Their aim was to prove that the former Kings of Brittany effectively ruled and that the Rohans are directly descended from them.
These two assertions were difficult to establish at the time and are not used in the 21st-century historiography.[14] The Rohans then applied themselves to giving credence to this version through historians such as , but also through favour, forcing and violating history if needed. The Rohans had to force their claims through thanks to forged evidence (a common practice in these aristocratic families in the Ancien Régime).
This operation remained uncertain, the Dukes and peers of France being watchful, and the Rohans secured their position through other means: alliances with other families of princes étrangers exclusively (Lorraine, La Tour d'Auvergne and Condé), elevation of their estates into principalities, legally or not (Guéméné, Soubise, Lordship of Léon), accession to the Bishopric of Strasbourg, giving them the rank of Prince of the Empire, and the use of royal favor and their closeness to the kings (Louis XIV and Madame de Soubise, Louis XV and the Marshal of Soubise, Louis XVI and Madame de Marsan, governess of the Children of France).
In spite of attacks from rival families, the Rohans managed to base their power and impose their historical and genealogical views, which provided them with positions allowing them to secure their power and credit at Court. The greatest closeness to the King was then acquired and could not be questioned any more.
Descent tree[]
The family of Rohan has a long documented history, with close ties to the Dukes of Brittany.
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For more detailed branches, see below.
The different branches in the House of Rohan[]
Rohan-Guéméné branch[]
This branch was descended (c. 1375) from (1324-1396), Viscount of Rohan, and his wife Joan of Évreux (a.k.a. Joan of Navarre) (1339-1409).
It is named after the town of Guémené-sur-Scorff (Morbihan).
This branch of Rohan-Guéméné still exists through its junior branch, the Rohan-Rochefort family.
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Rohan-Rochefort branch[]
This family is a junior branch of the Rohan-Guéméné branch through Charles de Rohan-Guémené, a.k.a. Charles de Rohan-Rochefort (1693-1766), who took the title of Prince of Rochefort.
The family of Rohan-Rochefort, who migrated to Austria in the early 19th century is nowadays the last remaining branch of the House of Rohan. It holds the genuine titles of Duke of Montbazon (France 1588), Duke of Bouillon (1816) (Vienna congress), Prince of Rohan, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Serene Highness (Durchlaucht), confirmed in 1808 by Emperor Francis II for all the members of the family. The head of the family was a hereditary member of the Room of the Lords of Austria.
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Rohan-Soubise branch[]
This family is descended from the Rohan-Guéméné branch in 1630, the estates of Soubise in Poitou and the Parc-Soubise, in Mouchamps (Vendée), coming from the Rohan-Chabot family through an alliance between the two branches.
Charles de Rohan-Soubise, a.k.a. the Marshal of Soubise (1715-1787), Prince of Soubise and Marshal of France, and his daughter Charlotte Godefride Élisabeth de Rohan-Soubise (1737-1760), wife of the Prince of Condé Louis V Joseph de Bourbon-Condé (1736-1818) belonged to this branch of the family.
Since 1717, the head of the family has been styled Duke of Rohan-Rohan. For Hercule Mériadec de Rohan-Soubise (1669-1749), the estate of (département of Deux-Sèvres, Poitou) was erected in 1717 into a pairie-duché called to be differentiated from the Rohan-Chabots, Dukes of Rohan.
This branch became extinct in the Rohan-Guéméné family in 1807.
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Rohan-Gié branch[]
This family is descended from the Rohan-Guéméné branch in 1541. It is named after the town of Gyé-sur-Seine (Aube).
(†1525) married in 1517 (1485-1529) heiress of the eldest branch, and through this marriage became Viscount of Rohan, Lord of Léon and Count of Porhoët. His son, René of Rohan-Gié (1516-1552) married in 1534 Isabeau of Albret, a.k.a. Isabeau de Navarre (1512-1570) and was the father of René II, Viscount of Rohan and Lord of Léon († 1586) head of the Protestant party in France.[2]
This branch became extinct in 1638 with Henry II of Rohan first Duke of Rohan (1603), who married Marguerite de Béthune (1595-1660), daughter of Maximilien I de Béthune-Sully (1559-1641). His only daughter Marguerite de Rohan (1617-1684) married in 1645 Henri Chabot (1615-1655) and gave birth to the Rohan-Chabot family.
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Rohan-Gué-de-l'Isle branch[]
The Rohan-Gué-de-l’Isle branch is a junior branch said to be descended (c. 1270) from (1232-1304), Viscount of Rohan, and his second wife Thomasse of La Roche-Bernard (c. 1245 - after 1304). It is named after the estate of Saint-Étienne-du-Gué-de-l'Isle (Côtes-d'Armor).
The branch was extinct around 1530.
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Rohan-Polduc branch[]
Also called Rohan-Pouldu. This little-known branch is a junior branch of the Rohan-Gué-de-l'Isle branch and appeared around 1500. It was named after the estate of Pouldu near Pontivy (nowadays Saint-Jean-Brévelay). Its best-known member is Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc, Magister Magnus of the Knights Hospitaller from 1775 to 1797.
The branch became extinct in 1800.
- John II of Rohan-Gué-de-l'Isle (?-1517), married (1500) Guillemette Malor'
- Tristan de Rohan-Gué-de-l'Isle (Tristan de Rohan-Polduc), married Alix de Brebant
- Louis de Rohan-Polduc (?-1584), married (1577) Michelle de L'Hospital
- Samsonne de Rohan-Polduc, married François Josset
- Jérôme de Rohan-Polduc, married (1610) Julienne Le Métayer
- Anne de Rohan-Polduc, married (1638) Jean de Coëtlagat
- Isaac de Rohan-Polduc, married (1638) Aliénor de Kerpoisson
- Anne de Rohan-Polduc, married François de Broel
- Jean de Rohan-Polduc (?-1726), married (1690) Marie de Trello
- Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc (?-1711), married (1690) Pélagie Martin, Mady of Châteaulin
- Jean-Baptiste II de Rohan-Polduc (1675-1755), married (1723) Marie Louise de Velthoven
- Jean-Baptiste de Rohan-Polduc (1724-1782))
- Marie Pélagie de Rohan-Polduc (1724-1753), married (1737) François de Groesquer, Count of Groesquer
- Emmanuel Marie-des-Neiges de Rohan-Polduc (1725-1797), ambassador, , baillif of Justice, general of the land and naval forces, Knight Hospitaller, Magister Magnus of the Knights Hospitaller
- Jean Léonard de Rohan-Polduc (?-1748)
- Jean-Baptiste II de Rohan-Polduc (1675-1755), married (1723) Marie Louise de Velthoven
- Louis de Rohan-Polduc (?-1584), married (1577) Michelle de L'Hospital
- Tristan de Rohan-Gué-de-l'Isle (Tristan de Rohan-Polduc), married Alix de Brebant
Rohan-Montauban branch[]
This branch is said to be descended from Josselin of Rohan, son of Alan III, Viscount of Rohan and his second wife Françoise de Corbey around 1185, but its filiation has not been proven. It became extinct around 1494. Named after the estate of Montauban-de-Bretagne near Rennes. Several Seneschals and Marshals of Brittany belonged to this branch.
This branch became extinct in the Rohan-Guéméné branch in 1494.
House of Rohan-Chabot[]
The House of Rohan-Chabot is the eldest branch of the , from Poitou. It is descended from the House of Rohan in female line through the marriage of Marguerite de Rohan (1617-1684) (only daughter and heiress of Henry II, Duke of Rohan) with Henri Chabot (1616-1655), from the eldest branch of the Chabot de Jarnac family, in 1645. Henri Chabot was created Duke of Rohan in 1648 by Louis XIV, and his descendants bear the name Rohan-Chabot.
Portraits[]
Marguerite de Rohan (v. 1330-1406) and her husband the Constable of Clisson.
Pierre de Rohan-Guéméné, also known as Marshal of Gié (1451-1513), Marshal of France.
Jacqueline de Rohan-Gié (1520-1587), Lady of Blandy-les-Tours, Marchionness of Rothelin, Princess of Neuchâtel.
Claude de Rohan-Gié, Countess of Thoury
Henri II de Rohan (1579-1638) viscount then Duke of Rohan, Prince of Léon, Generalissimo of the Protestant armies, Ambassador of France, Colonel-général des Suisses et des Grisons.
Benjamin de Rohan, also known as “the Duke of Soubise” (1583-1642) Duke of Frontenay.
Marie Aimée de Rohan-Guéméné (1600-1679), Duchess of Luynes and Chevreuse.
Marguerite de Rohan (1617-1684), Princess of Léon.
Louis de Rohan-Guéméné, also known as “the Knight of Rohan” (1635-1674), Grand Huntsman of France, Louis XIV's Colonel of the Guards.
Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan-Soubise (1674-1749) Prince of Rohan, Prince of Soubise, Bishop of Strasbourg, Cardinal, member of the Académie française, Grand Almoner of France.
Armand Jules de Rohan-Guéméné (1695-1762) Duke-Archbishop of Reims and Peer of France.
Louis César Constantin de Rohan-Guéméné, also known as “the Cardinal de Rohan” (1697-1779), Bishop of Strasbourg, Cardinal.
Charles de Rohan-Soubise, also known as “the Marshal of Soubise” (1715-1787) Prince of Soubise, Duke of Rohan-Rohan, minister of Kings Louis XV and Louis XVI, Marshal of France.
Charlotte Louise de Rohan-Guéméné, Princess of Masseran, also known as “Mademoiselle de Rohan” (1722-1786).
Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc (1725-1797), ambassador, Général des galères, Knight Hospitaller, Magister Magnus of the Knights Hospitaller.
Louise de Rohan-Rochefort (1734-1815).
Louis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné (1734-1803), Prince of Rohan, Cardinal, Archbishop of Strasbourg, member of the Académie française, Grand Almoner of the King and Head of the Sorbonne.
Charlotte de Rohan-Soubise (1737-1760), Princess of Condé.
Victoire Armande Josèphe de Rohan-Soubise also known as “Madame de Guéméné” (1743-1807), Princess of Maubuisson.
Charles Alain Gabriel de Rohan-Guéméné (1764-1836), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guéméné, Duke of Bouillon.
Charlotte de Rohan-Rochefort (1767-1841), wife the Duc d'Enghien.
Jules Armand Louis de Rohan-Guéméné (1768-1836).
Marie Victoire de Rohan (1779-1836).
Notable members[]
Several members of the Rohan-Guéméné family migrated to Sychrov Castle in North Bohemia, Austria, and were naturalized. After this branch became extinct in 1846, the princes of Rohan-Rochefort younger branch inherited the properties in Bohemia but were deprived of them in 1945, following the Beneš decrees. They also inherited the titles Serene Highness, Prince of Rohan, Prince of Guéméné, Prince of Rochefort and Prince of the Holy-Roman-Empire (in Austria until 1919), Duke of Rohan-Rohan, Duke of Montbazon with the Peerage of France attached to it, and Duke of Bouillon.
There were three Grand Almoners of France, eight Knights of the , two Marshals of France, and three members of the Académie française in the family.
Clergy[]
- (? – c. 1377), Bishop of Vannes, then Saint-Brieuc.
- (? - Saint-Malo, 21 March 1388), Bishop of Saint-Malo.
- (1480 - Paris, 13 October 1536), [Bishop of Angers (1501-1532) and Archbishop of Lyon (1532-1536).
- (1480 - 8 July 1540), Bishop of Quimper and Cornouaille.
- Armand-Gaston-Maximilien de Rohan-Soubise (Paris, 26 June 1674 – Paris, 19 July 1749), who may have actually been an illegitimate son of Louis XIV, Prince of Rohan, Bishop of Strasbourg in 1704, he became cardinal in 1712, then Grand Almoner in 1713. He was elected at the Académie française in 1704.
- Armand-Jules de Rohan-Guéméné (Paris, 10 February 1695 – Saverne, 28 August 1762), abbot of Gard and Gorze, Duke-Archbishop of Reims, who anointed Louis XV, peer of France
- (Paris, 24 March 1697 – Paris, 11 March 1779), Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756, appointed cardinal in 1761.
- François-Armand de Rohan-Soubise (Paris, 1 December 1717 – Saverne, 28 June 1756), Coadjutor Bishop to his uncle Armand-Gaston. He took the name Soubise to be distinguishable from him; he became a cardinal himself in 1747 and Bishop of Strasbourg in 1749. He was Grand Almoner and Chancellor of the University of Paris. He was elected at the Académie française in 1741.
- Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné (Paris, 25 September 1734 – Ettenheim, 17 February 1803), Prince of Rohan, cardinal-Archbishop of Strasbourg, Grand Almoner of the King and Head of the Sorbonne. He was involved in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace and was sent to the Bastille. He went into exile in 1791 to Ettenheim, in the German part of his diocese, and married his niece Charlotte de Rohan-Rochefort to the Duc d'Enghien. He died in February 1803. He was elected at the Académie française in 1761.
- Ferdinand de Rohan-Guéméné (Paris, 7 November 1738 - Paris, 31 October 1813), Prince of Rohan-Guéméné, Archbishop of Bordeaux in 1769, Prince-Archbishop of Cambrai in 1781 and of Liège in 1790. He was First Almoner to Empress Joséphine in the early 19th century.
Soldiers[]
- , also known as Pierre I de Rohan-Gié or the “Marshal of Gié” (Saint-Quentin-les-Anges, 1451 – Paris, 22 April 1513), Lord of Gié, viscount of Fronsac, Marshal of France. He was a diplomat and councillor of the kings Louis XI, Charles VIII and Louis XII. He was charged with treason in 1504. In 1506, was suspended for five years and exiled from the Court. He was later absolved of the crime of lèse-majesté.
- Henri II de Rohan (Blain, 25 August 1579 – Geneva, 28 February 1638), peer of France, viscount, then Duke of Rohan, Prince of Léon, Lord of Blain, Generalissimo of the Protestant armies, Ambassador of France, Colonel Général des Suisses et des Grisons. A Protestant, he fought in the south of France against the royal troops between 1615 and 1629. He was pardoned by Louis XIII, took the Valtellina from the Spanish and was mortally wounded while fighting for the Duke of Saxe-Weimar on 13 April 1638 at the battle of Koenigsfeld. He was buried in Geneva cathedral.
- Charles de Rohan-Soubise, also known as the Marshal de Soubise (Versailles, 16 July 1715 – Paris, 1 July 1787), Prince of Soubise and Épinoy, Duke of Rohan-Rohan, Ventadour and GoëloCount of Saint-Pol, Lord of Roberval and Clisson, minister of the kings Louis XV and Louis XVI, Marshal of France. Louis XV’s general and friend, he took part to the Seven Years' War.
- Hercule Mériadec de Rohan (13 November 1688 - 21 December 1757), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guéméné, standard-bearer of the Gendarmes de la Garde.
- Jules Hercule Mériadec de Rohan (25 March 1726 - 10 December 1788), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guéméné, chief-lieutenant of the King's armies.
- Henri-Louis de Rohan-Guéméné (30 August 1745-24 April 1809), Prince of Rohan-Guéméné and Duke of Montbazon, lieutenant-captain of the Gendarmes de la Garde, Brigadier of the King's armies, Grand Chamberlain of France. The eldest of this branch, he went bankrupt and ruined many people in 1782, but his debts were partially paid off by the Cardinal of Strasbourg Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné who was a victim in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace in 1785.
Politicians[]
- (16 November 1452 – Blain, 1 April 1516), Viscount of Rohan and Léon, Count of Porhoët, Lord of Blain, La Garnache and Beauvoir-sur-Mer, councillor and chamberlain of King Charles VIII, chief-lieutenant of Brittany in 1494 with under Charles VIII.
- Marie-Aimée de Rohan-Guéméné (Coupvray, December 1600 – 12 August 1679), first Duchess of Luynes through her marriage with Charles d'Albert (1578–1621), Duke of Luynes, Grand Constable of France, Peer of France, then Duchess of Chevreuse (the title she is best known for) through her marriage with Claude de Lorraine, also known as Claude de Guise (1578-1657), Duke of Chevreuse; she became known as Princess of Chevreuse during her widowhood.
- Charles III of Rohan (30 September 1655 - 10 October 1727), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guéméné, Peer of France.
- Emmanuel-Marie-des-Neiges de Rohan-Polduc (18 April 1725 - La Valette, 14 July 1797), last member of the Rohan-Polduc branch (or Pouldu branch), he was the last but one Magister Magnus of the Knights Hospitaller from 1775 to 1797,[98] author of the "Maltese Code" also called "Code de Rohan".
- (8 January 1853 - 23 February 1914), Duke of Montbazon, Duke of Bouillon, Prince of Guéméné, member of the Herrenhaus, deputy at the Parliament of Bohemia.
- Marie-Berthe Françoise Félicie Jeanne de Rohan-Rochefort (21 May 1868 - 19 January 1945), wife of Charles de Bourbon (1848-1909), Duke of Madrid, pretender to the throne of France and eldest of the House of Bourbon.
- Albert-Marie de Rohan-Rochefort, also known as Albert Rohan (Melk, 9 May 1936 – 4 June 2019), Prince of Guéméné, Austrian diplomat.
Others[]
- , also known as the Knight of Rohan (1635 - Paris, 27 November 1674), Grand Huntsman of France, Colonel of the Guards of Louis XIV, with whom he had been brought up. Executed for a crime lèse-majesté, having taken part in the .
- Hercule Mériadec de Rohan (1669–1749)
- Charles, Prince of Soubise
- Victoire de Rohan
- Marie de Rohan, depicted in Maria di Rohan
- Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc
- Charles Edward Stuart, Count Roehenstart
- Berthe de Rohan
- , contracted marriage (civil 19 June 1999, religious 10 July 1999) with Prince Eudes of Orléans, Duke of Angoulême, youngest son of Henri, Count of Paris, Duke of France, the late Orleanist claimant to the throne of France.
Arms[]
The mascles on the arms of the House of Rohan refer to crystal twinnings, which are large crystals of chiastolite (andalusite) that develop in Ordovician schists. They are almost square-sectioned prisms. These stones, which were called appelées pendant des siècles "mascles", abound in the Salles de Rohan, so much that the Viscounts of Rohan, stricken by their beauty and the likeness with the lozenge, put seven mascles or on their coat of arms; their descendants added two more in the middle of the 16th century.[99]
Former arms[]
Used by between 1216 and 1222: gules, seven mascles or, 3, 3, 1.
Modern arms[]
Used by between 1552 and 1575). The change from the old arms to the modern ones can be explained by the change of the shape of shields from the 14th century: the base is now flat, not pointed, and the empty space is filled by two new mascles.
Motto[]
A plus: battle cry which may mean “without more”, that is to say, without superior, reminding the Rohans’ claim to be the second most important Breton noble family after the Ducal family, or “even more”, which would be an invitation to always surpass themselves[100]) is ’s personal motto, often attributed to the whole family. It is symbolized by the letter A topped with a Ducal crown accompanying the mascles on the coat of arms.[101]
Another, apocryphal motto, modelled on that of the , is often attributed to the Rohans: Duc je ne daigne, Roi je ne puis, Prince de Bretaigne, de Rohan je suis (Duke I will not, King I cannot, Prince of Brittany, of Rohan I am) or more often: Roi ne puis, duc ne daigne, Rohan suis (King I cannot, Duke I will not, Rohan I am).[102] Roland Barthes will use this model in a joke:[103] Then all writers will say: “Insane I cannot, Sane I will not, neurotic I am.”.
Another motto: Rather dead than soiled (Latin: Potius mori quam foedari) which is the motto of the old Dukes of Brittany, the Rohans having been their heirs presumptive since 1532 and the treaty of perpetual Union between Brittany and France.
Titles[]
The members of the Rohan family were first styled viscount of Porhoët, the viscount of Rohan and were granted the following titles:
- Comte de Montbazon (1566)
- Prince de Guéménée (1570)
- Duchesse de Loudun (1579) title held in her lifetime by Françoise de Rohan, daughter of René I of Rohan[104]
- Duc-pair de Montbazon (1588 et 1594)
- Duc de Rohan (1603)
- Comte de Montauban (1611)
- Duc-pair de Frontenay (1626, not recorded)
- Prince de Soubise (erected in 1667 but not recorded)
- Duc de Rohan-Rohan (1714, extinct 1787)
- Comte de l'Empire (1808)
- Pair de France (1814)
- Pair héréditaire (1815)
- Duc pair (1817)
- Prince du Saint-Empire and Serene Highness (Austria 1808 and 1830)
- Duc de Bouillon (1814 and 1816 through succession of the House of La Tour d'Auvergne)
The family's many branches held the titles of Prince de Léon, Prince de Montauban, Prince de Rochefort etc. although none of these titles were genuinely created.[105]
Estates[]
- Rohan Castle in Saverne (now a )
- Palais Rohan in Strasbourg for the bishop-princes (it now hosts three museums)
- Episcopal palace of Bordeaux (now the city hall)
- Josselin Castle (Morbihan)
- Pontivy Castle (Morbihan)
- La Roche-Maurice Castle (Finistère)
- Château de Joyeuse Garde in La Forest-Landerneau (Finistère)
- in Saint-Quentin-les-Anges (Mayenne)
- in Seiches-sur-le-Loir (Maine-et-Loire)
- Château de Blain (Loire-Atlantique)
- Château du Gué de Lisle ()
- Coupvray Castle (Seine-et-Marne)
- Hôtel de Rohan in (now the town hall)
- Rochefort-en-Yvelines Castle (Yvelines)
- Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine Castle (Indre-et-Loire)
- Sychrov Castle (Bohemia)
- Palais Rohan in Prague (Czech Republic)
- Palais Rohan in Vienna (Austria)
- The (also known as Hôtel de Rohan-Strasbourg for it used to be the residence of the bishops belonging the branch living in Strasbourg — see supra: Clergy) and the Hôtel de Soubise, in Le Marais, which form an ensemble that hosts part of the Archives nationales nowadays.
- The , also known as the "Maison de Victor Hugo" (who lived only in a small part of the hôtel), is located at 6 Place des Vosges and went to the and the .
- The , 29 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré.
- The Hôtel de Soubise in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, now Café "Le Soubise".
See also[]
- Duke of Brittany
- Duchy of Montbazon
- Duke of Rohan
- French nobility
- List of French peerages
- Almanach de Gotha
- Bohemian nobility
- Josselin
- Rohan Castle
- Princess of Soubise
- Hotel de Soubise, Paris
- , Paris
- , Paris
- House of Rohan-Chabot
- Palais Rohan, Bordeaux
- Palais Rohan, Strasbourg
- Château des Rohan (Mutzig)
- Rohan, Morbihan
- Sychrov Castle
- Lysa nad Labem
Sources[]
- Alain Boulaire, Les Rohan, éd. France-Empire, 2001;
- W. & R. Chambers, Chambers' encyclopædia: A dictionary of universal knowledge, 1891, p. 764;
- Jean-Claude Fauveau, Le Prince Louis Cardinal de Rohan-Guéméné ou les diamants du roi, L'Harmattan, 2007;
- Charles Floquet Au coeur de l'Arcoat, Editions France Empire Paris, 1982;
- Bertrand Galimard Flavigny, Histoire de l'ordre de Malte, Paris, Perrin, 2005;
- Yvonig Gicquel, Alain IX de Rohan, 1382-1462, Éditions Jean Picollec, 1986;
- Yvonig Gicquel, Jean II de Rohan ou l'indépendance brisée de la Bretagne, Éditions Jean Picollec, 1994;
- Laurent Guitton, Un vicomte dans la cité : Jean II de Rohan et Dinan (1488-1516), Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest vol. 114, no 2, 2007;
- Suzanne d'Huart, Archives Rohan-Bouillon, Inventaire, 1970, Paris, Archives Nationales, 246 p., genealogical charts (répertoire imprimé de la sous-série 273 AP, Archives Nationales);[106][107]
- Prosper Jean Levot, Biographie bretonne: recueil de notices sur tous les Bretons, vol. 2;
- Georges Martin, Histoire et généalogie de la Maison de Rohan, 1998, Lyon, 1 vol. in 8°, 256 p. ill.;
- Éric Mension-Rigau, Les Rohan, Histoire d'une grande famille, Perrin, 2017, 320 p., read online;
- Pierre-Hyacinthe Morice, Mémoires pour servir de preuves à l'histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne, 1742–1746;
- Frédéric Morvan, Alain VI, vicomte de Rohan, ou l’origine de la fortune des Rohan, Bulletin et mémoires de la Société polymatique du Morbihan, vol. CXXXIV, 2008, p. 79-122;
- Frédéric Morvan, La Chevalerie bretonne et la formation de l'armée ducale 1260-1341, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2009, Annexes Généalogie n°35 « les Rohan »;
- Frédéric Morvan, Les règlements des conflits de succession dans la noblesse bretonne au XIIIème siècle, 2010, accessed 8 October 2013;
- Frédéric Morvan, Les Chevaliers bretons. Entre Plantagenets et Capétiens du milieu XIIe siècle au milieu du XIIIe siècle éditions Coop Breizh, Spézet 2014, « Généalogie des Rohan », 286;
- Claude Muller, Le siècle des Rohan : une dynastie de cardinaux en Alsace au XVIIIème siècle, La Nuée bleue, Strasbourg, 2006;
- Tudchentil. Inventaire 4/23;
- Musée protestant. Henri de Rohan (1574-1638);
- Les Protestants bretons. Les Salles de Rohan;
- Revue des deux mondes.
Notes and references[]
- ^ Fernand de Saint-Simon, Etienne de Séréville, Dictionnaire de la noblesse française, 1975, p. 869.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Henri Jougla de Morenas Raoul de Warren, Grand Armorial de France, vol. 6, p. 45, read online.
- ^ Fernand de Saint-Simon, Etienne de Séréville, Dictionnaire de la noblesse française, 1975, p. 870.
- ^ Henri Jougla de Morenas, Raoul de Warren, Grand Armorial de France, vol. 2, p. 366 read online.
- ^ Jean-Yves Copy, ‘’Art, société et politique au temps des ducs de Bretagne’’, Aux Amateurs de livres, 1986, p. 1118.
- ^ J.-P. Soubigou, "Le Léon dans la Bretagne des Xe-XIe siècles", Annales de Bretagne, no 120-4, 2013, p. 14.
- ^ Yvonig Gicquel, Alain IX de Rohan, 1382-1462, Éditions Jean Picollec, 1986, p. 212
- ^ The rohannais triangle corresponds to the Rochefort-Malestroit-Elven triangle of the .
- ^ Yvonig Gicquel Alain IX de Rohan, 1382-1462, Éditions Jean Picollec, 1986, p. 102.
- ^ In the north, the castle of Guingamp which covered Tréguier and Paimpol; the castles of the valley (Tonquédec castle, ) which covered Lannion
- ^ Alain Guillerm, Fortifications et marine en Occident, L'Harmattan, 1994, p. 92.
- ^ Nicolas Martin, La France fortifiée : châteaux, villes et places fortes, Nathan, 1990, p. 70.
- ^ Jean-Loup Avril, Mille Bretons : dictionnaire biographique, Les Portes du Large, 2002, p. 387.
- ^ Jean-Paul Soubigou, "Le Léon dans la Bretagne des Xe-XIe siècles", Annales de Bretagne, no 120-4, 2013, p. 14.
- ^ Daughter of Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond (1095- 30/03/1146), Count of Penthièvre and Avaugour, Lord of Guingamp, and Bertha, Duchess of Brittany (c. 1114-1154).
- ^ Daughter of Raoul II of Fougères (?-24/07/1257), Baron of Fougères, Grand Seneschal of Brittany, crusader, and Joan of Dol.
- ^ Daughter of Alan of Vitré, a.k.a. Alan II of Dinan (1155 - before 1197), Lord of Vitré, Southern-Dinan and Bécherel, Seneschal of Brittany, and Clemencia of Fougères (c. 1175-1252).
- ^ Daughter of Odo III of Porhoët (1148-1234), Viscount of Porhoët, and Eleanor of Léon (c. 1165-?).
- ^ Daughter of Josselin of La Roche-Bernard and Mahaut of Montfort (c. 1214-1279), Lady of Montfort(-sur-Meu) and [[Boutavent Castle|Boutavant]].
- ^ Daughter of Thibaut II of Rochefort (c. 1260 – after 1327), , Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine and Assérac, Viscount of Donges, and Anne of Neuville (c. 1265 – after 1327).
- ^ Daughter of Peter V of Rostrenen (c. 1270-1347), Lord of Rostrenen, and Anne du Pont (c. 1280-?).
- ^ Daughter of Harvey VII, Lord of Léon (?-1343), Lord of Noyon-sur-Andelle, and Margaret of Avaugour, Lady of Noyon-sur-Andelle.
- ^ Daughter of Oliver V of Clisson (23/04/1336 in Clisson – 23/04/1407), Lord of Clisson, Viscount of Porhoët, Lord of Blain, Josselin, Belleville, Montaigu, La Garnache, Yerrick and Beauvoir, Baron of Pontchâteau, Grand Constable of France, and (c. 1335 – before 1378), Lady of Villemomble.
- ^ Daughter of John IV of Montfort a.k.a. John IV “the Conqueror” of Brittany (1339-09/11/1399 in Nantes), Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort-l'Amaury and Earl of Richmond, and Joan of Évreux a.k.a. Joan of Navarre (1370-09/07/1437).
- ^ Daughter of Francis of Montfort-Laval a.k.a. Guy XIV of Laval (28/01/1406-02/09/1486 in Châteaubriant), 1st Count of Laval, Viscount of Rennes, Baron of Vitré, Viscount of Rennes, Lord of Châtillon, dAcquigny, Aubigné, Courbeveille, Montfort(-sur-Meu), Gaël, Baron of La Roche-Bernard, Lord of Tinténiac, Bécherel and Romillé, Castellan of La Brétesche, Lord of Lohéac, and La Roche-en-Nort, and Isabella of Montfort a.k.a. Isabelle de Dreux (1411-14/01/1443), Queen of Sicily.
- ^ Son of Louis I of Valois-Orléans (13/03/1372 in Paris – 23/11/1407 in Paris), Duke of Touraine and Orléans, Count of Dreux, and Valentina Visconti (1366-1408 in Blois), Countess of Asti.
- ^ Son of (?-06/08/1556), Viscount of Brosse, Lord of Loué, Benais, , Marcillé, Le Parvis and Bressuire, Baron of Pontchâteau, and Françoise of Maillé (c. 1493-?), Viscountess of Brosse, Baroness of Pontchâteau, Lady of Maillé, La Rochecorborn, La Haye and La Motte-Sainte-Heraye.
- ^ Son of John III of Rieux (16/06/1377-08/01/1431), Lord of Rieux and Rochefort, Baron of Ancenis, Viscount of Lord of Assérac, Lord then Baron of Malestroit, and Joan of Harcourt (11/09/1399-03/03/1456).
- ^ Son of (?-1418), Lord of Montafilant and Châteaubriant, and .
- ^ Son of Charles II of Albret (1407-1741), Count of Dreux, and Anne of Armagnac (1402 – before 1473).
- ^ Beatrice of Rohan was betrothed to Gilles de Rais but died in infancy.
- ^ Daughter of Antoine I of Lorraine the Victorious (1396-22/03/1458), Count of Vaudémont and Duke of Guise, Lord of Joinville, and Marie of Harcourt (1398-1476).
- ^ Daughter of Francis of Montfort a.k.a. Francis I of Brittany (11/05/1414 in Vannes – 18/07/1450 in Vannes), Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort-l'Amaury, and Isabella Stuart a.k.a. (c. 1426-1494).
- ^ Son of Charles of Valois a.k.a. Charles II “the Magnanimous” of Alençon (1297-26/08/1346), Count of Chartres, Perche and Alençon, et de María de La Cerda (1310-13/03/1379).
- ^ Son of Ingelger I of Amboise (?-1373), Lord of Amboise and Berrie, and , Countess of Dreux and Benon.
- ^ Daughter of John of Châteaubriant (? – after 1380), Lord of Portric and La Marousière, and Marie of Montrelais.
- ^ Daughter of Philip III of Évreux a.k.a. Philip III of Navarre (27/03/1306-16/09/1343), Count of Évreux, King of Navarre, and Joan of France a.k.a. Jeanne II de Navarre (18/01/1311-06/10/1349), Queen of Navarre.
- ^ Daughter of (1412-1466), Admiral of France, and Anne of Keranrais.
- ^ Daughter of Francis I of Rieux (11/08/1418-20/11/1458), Lord of Rieux and Rochefort, Baron of Malestroit, Count of Harcourt, Lord of Assérac, Viscount of Donges, Councillor and Chamberlain of Francis I of Brittany, Knight of the Order of the Ermine, Chamberlain of the Dauphin Louis XI, and Joanna of Rohan (1415 – after 1459) (cited in the tree).
- ^ Son of John VIII of Maure (?-1529), Lord of Maure, and Marie du Plessis-Angier (?-1497).
- ^ Son of Hardouin IX of Maillé (1415-1487), Baron of Maillé, and Antoinette of Chauvigny (c. 1428-20/04/1473), Lady of Brosse.
- ^ Daughter of Nicolas of Montfort-Laval a.k.a. Guy XVI de Laval (01/10/1476-20/05/1531), Count of Laval and Montfort(-sur-Meu), Baron of Quintin, Lord of Tinténiac, Bécherel, Aubigné, Montfort, Gaël, Beaumanoir, Le Guildo and Comper, and (c. 1497-29/06/1525).
- ^ Daughter of Guy of Rieux (?-12/02/1591), Lord of Châteauneuf, Viscount of Donges, Governor of Brest, and Madeleine of Espinay (?-27/09/1597).
- ^ Daughter of Charles d'Avaugour (?-1608), Count of Vertus, Goëlo, Viscount of Saint-Nazaire, Baron of Avaugour and Ingrandes, Lord of Clisson, Champtoceaux and Montfaucon, and Philippa of Saint-Amadour, Viscountess of Guiguen, Lady of Thouaré and La Touche-Limouzinière.
- ^ Daughter of Henry III of Lenoncourt (?-1584), Lord of Lenoncourt, and Françoise of Montmorency-Laval (?-1614).
- ^ Daughter of Henri de Schomberg (1575 in Paris – 1632 in Bordeaux), Count of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin and Durtal, Duke of Halluin, and Anne de La Guiche (?-1663).
- ^ Daughter of Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes (1620-1690), Duke of Luynes, Duke of Chevreuse, Prince of Léon, and Anne de Rohan-Guéméné (1640-1684) (cited in the tree).
- ^ Daughter of Charles de Cochefilet, Count of Vauvineux.
- ^ Son of François Léonor de Créquy (?-30/10/1721), Baron of Frohans, and Marie Antoinette de Schouteeten, Lady of Robermez and Ardennes.
- ^ Daughter of Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d’Auvergne (1641-1721), Duke of Bouillon, and Marie Anne Mancini (1649 in Rome – 1714 in Paris).
- ^ Daughter of Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne (11/07/1706 in Paris – 24/12/1771 in Issou), Duke of Bouillon, Grand Chamberlain of France, and Marie-Charlotte Sobieska (1697-1740).
- ^ Daughter of François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil (17/04/1686-07/01/1743 in Issy-les-Moulineaux), Marquis of Fontenay-Trésigny, Lord of Villebert, Breteuil, Mesnil-Chassemartin, Chapelles, Villenavotte and Palaiseau, Baron of Boitron and Preuilly, and Marie Anne Angélique Charpentier d'Ennery (1689-1760).
- ^ Daughter of Charles Edward Stuart (31/12/1720-31/01/1788), and Clementina Walkinshaw (1720-1802).
- ^ Son of Honoré d'Albert (?-06/02/1592), and Anne de Rodulf.
- ^ Son of Henri de Lorraine a.k.a. Henri I de Guise Scarface (31/12/1550-23/12/1588 in Blois), Duke of Guise, Prince of Joinville, and Catherine de Clèves a.k.a. Catherine de Nevers (1548 in Paris – 11/05/1633 in Paris), Countess of Eu, Princess of Château-Renault.
- ^ Daughter of Claude I d'Avaugour (1581 in Thouaré-sur-Loire – 06/08/1637 in Paris), Count of Vertus and Goëlo, Viscount of Saint-Nazaire, Baron of Avaugour and Ingrandes, Lord of Clisson, Champtoceaux and Montfaucon, and Catherine Fouquet de La Varenne (1590-10/05/1670).
- ^ Son of Charles d'Albert (05/08/1578 in Pont-Saint-Esprit – 15/12/1621 in Longueville), Marquis of Albert, Duke of Luynes, Grand Constable of France, Peer of France, and Marie Aimée de Rohan-Guéméné (December 1600 in Coupvray – 12/08/1679), Duchess of Luynes and Chevreuse (cited in the tree).
- ^ Son of Claude of Espinay (c. 1552 – after 1584), Larquis of Espinay, Count of Durtal, and Françoise of La Rochefoucauld.
- ^ Daughter of Henry III of Lenoncourt
- ^ Daughter of René II of Montmorency-Laval (?-1557), Viscount of Bresteau, Lord of Saint-Aubin, Coudrayes, Boisdauphin, Aulnay, Louaillé, Saint-Mars, La Mousse, Rouperreux, Saint-Georges, Rofay and Maugasteau, and Catherine of Baif.
- ^ Son of (? – December 1559), Viscount of Brosse, Lord of Loué, Benais, Montsabert, Marcillé, Parvis, Bressuire, Maillé, La Rochecorborn, La Haye and La Motte-Sainte-Heraye, and Louise of Sainte-Maure (? – after 1549), Countess of Nesle and Joigny.
- ^ Son of Giles II of Laval-Montmorency
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Son of Hardouin IX of Maillé
- ^ Son of (c. 1300-09/08/1343 in Paris), Lord of Clisson and Blain, Baron of Pontchâteau, and Jeanne de Montaigu a.k.a. Jeanne de Belleville (c. 1300-1359), heiress of Belleville-sur-Vie, Montaigu, Palluau and La Garnache.
- ^ Daughter of Harvey VI, Lord of Léon, Lord of Léon, Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais and Hacqueville, and Matilda of Poissy (?-1290), Lady of Radepont and Noyon-sur-Andelle.
- ^ Son of John of Kergolay (? – after 1303), Lord of Kergolay, and Alix of Avaugour, Lady of Frinandour.
- ^ Son of Oliver du Pont a.k.a. Oliver I of Pontchâteau]] (? – after 1126), Baron of Pontchâteau, and his wife Agnes.
- ^ Son of Guihomar IV, Viscount of Léon (after 1130-11/09/1179), Lord of Léon, and his wife Nobilis.
- ^ Daughter of William II of Montfort (?-1235), Lord of Montfort(-sur-Meu) and Boutavent, and .
- ^ Daughter of Philip III of Navarre
- ^ Daughter of John of Montauban
- ^ Fille de François Ier de Rieux
- ^ Son of John VIII of Maure
- ^ Daughter of Nicholas of Montfort-Laval
- ^ Daughter of Guy of Rieux
- ^ Daughter of Charles of Avaugour
- ^ Daughter of Henry III de Lenoncourt
- ^ Daughter of Henri de Schomberg
- ^ Daughter of Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes
- ^ Daughter of Charles de Cochefilet
- ^ Son of François Léonor de Créquy
- ^ Daughter of Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne
- ^ Daughter of Charles-Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne
- ^ Daughter of François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil
- ^ Daughter of Charles Edward Stuart
- ^ Son of Honoré d'Albert
- ^ Son of Henri de Lorraine
- ^ Daughter of Claude I d'Avaugour
- ^ Son of Charles d'Albert
- ^ Son of Claude d'Espinay
- ^ Daughter of Henri III de Lenoncourt
- ^ Daughter of René II de Montmorency-Laval
- ^ Jump up to: a b Son of Gilles II de Laval-Montmorency
- ^ Daughter of Jacques d'Armagnac-Nemours
- ^ Daughter of Claude I of Avaugour
- ^ Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Jullien de Courcelles, Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France, des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe, précédée de la généalogie de la maison de France, Arthus-Bertrand, Paris, 1827, vol. 8, p. 209
- ^ Daughter of Josselin of La Roche-Bernard
- ^ B. Galimard Flavigny (2006) p. 317-319
- ^ Louis Chauris, Minéraux de Bretagne, Saint-Julien-du-Pinet, Les Éditions du Piat, 2014.
- ^ Éric Mension-Rigau, Les Rohan. Histoire d'une grande famille, Perrin, 2017, p. 11.
- ^ Alain Boulaire, Les Rohan, France-Empire, 2001, 346.
- ^ Édouard Drumont, 1897, p 392. Mon vieux Paris. E. Flammarion (Paris), 2 vol. (XIX-384, XI-435 p.)
- ^ Le Plaisir du texte, Paris, Seuil, 1973
- ^ Source: Recueil des lettres missives d'Henri IV, publié par m. Berger de Xivrey, Jules Berger de Xivrey, Joseph Gaudet, Imprimerie Royale, 1843
- ^ Bulletin de la Société héraldique et généalogique de France, 1879, p. 275 read online.
- ^ Fonds Rohan-Bouillon (XIe - XIXe siècle), France Archives, 2004, accessed 14 October 2018
- ^ Fonds Rohan-Bouillon (XIe-XIXe siècle), Archives Nationales, 2004, accessed 14 October 2018
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Rohan. |
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 459–460.
- Spanish Royal Genealogy, Henri Vanoene
- The Rohan-Chabot family in Josselin
- Marek, Miroslav. "Family de Rohan". Genealogy EU.
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