Huludao

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Huludao
葫芦岛市
Hulutao
Prefecture-level city
The new district of Huludao
The new district of Huludao
Location of Huludao City jurisdiction in Liaoning
Location of Huludao City jurisdiction in Liaoning
Huludao is located in Liaoning
Huludao
Huludao
Location of the city centre in Liaoning
Coordinates (Huludao municipal government): 40°42′40″N 120°50′13″E / 40.711°N 120.837°E / 40.711; 120.837Coordinates: 40°42′40″N 120°50′13″E / 40.711°N 120.837°E / 40.711; 120.837
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceLiaoning
Municipal seatLonggang District
Districts and Counties
List
Government
 • CPC Party SecretaryChen Xiaokun
 • MayorLiu Tengfei
Area
[1]
 • Prefecture-level city10,415 km2 (4,021 sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2017)[3]
443.77 km2 (171.34 sq mi)
Population
 (2007)[2]
 • Prefecture-level city2,787,032
 • Urban
 (2017)[3]
724,800
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
125000
Area code(s)429
ISO 3166 codeCN-LN-14
Licence plates辽P
Administrative division code211400
Websitewww.hld.gov.cn

Huludao (simplified Chinese: 葫芦岛; traditional Chinese: 葫蘆島; pinyin: Húludǎo), formerly known as Jinxi (锦西) until 1994, is a coastal prefecture-level city in southwestern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. Its name literally means "Gourd Island", referring to the fiddle-shaped contour of the peninsula ("half-island" in Chinese), which resembles a bottle gourd, at the city's Longgang District. It has a total area of 10,415 km2 (4,021 sq mi) and a population of 2.87 million, of whom some 531,000 live in the city proper.[2]

Located on the northwestern shore of the Liaodong Bay, Huludao is one of the three principal cities (along with Jinzhou and Hebei province's Qinhuangdao) in the Liaoxi Corridor, and is Northeast China's gateway through the Shanhai Pass into North China. It borders Jinzhou to the northeast, Chaoyang to the north, and Qinhuangdao to the southwest, as well as sharing maritime boundaries with Yingkou and Dalian to the east and southeast across the bay.

History[]

The area occupied by Huludao city has been settled by mankind since ancient times. Archeological evidence indicates that during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the region enjoyed advanced Bronze Age technology, while urban civilization first developed during the Warring States era.

The Ming dynasty saw the construction of the Liaoning section of the Great Wall through Huludao. During this time the town of Xingcheng was fortified with a defensive wall which still stands today.[4]

In 1906, the county of Jinxi was established. It became an important center for resistance during the Japanese occupation. During 1945–1948, it was a battleground between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist forces, and over one million Japanese prisoners of war were repatriated from its port.

Jinxi county was granted city status in 1982 under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou, before becoming a prefecture-level city in 1989.[5] The city was renamed Huludao, originally the name of the peninsula and port in the city area, in 1994.

Geography[]

Huludao is a coastal city on the Bohai Sea at 120°38' east longitude and 40°56' north latitude. It lies in the southwest of Liaoning, at the border with Hebei, forming the Bohai Sea economic rim with such cities as Dalian, Yingkou, Qinhuangdao, and Qingdao. As the first city outside the Shanhai Pass, it serves as the gateway into the Northeast.

Climate[]

Huludao is in the north temperate zone with a continental monsoon climate that brings cold dry winters and hot humid summers. Annual precipitation averages between 550 to 650 millimetres (22 to 26 in) while the year round mean temperature is 8.5 to 9.5 °C (47.3 to 49.1 °F).[6]

hideClimate data for Huludao (Lianshan District), 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.4
(52.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		23.4
(74.1) 		33.7
(92.7) 		38.9
(102.0) 		39.7
(103.5) 		37.7
(99.9) 		37.3
(99.1) 		35.6
(96.1) 		30.3
(86.5) 		23.3
(73.9) 		14.4
(57.9) 		39.7
(103.5)
Average high °C (°F) −1.5
(29.3) 		2.1
(35.8) 		8.3
(46.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		22.7
(72.9) 		26.2
(79.2) 		28.4
(83.1) 		28.7
(83.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		18.0
(64.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		1.1
(34.0) 		15.3
(59.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.7
(18.1) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		2.6
(36.7) 		10.8
(51.4) 		17.3
(63.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.2
(75.6) 		19.3
(66.7) 		11.9
(53.4) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		9.8
(49.7)
Average low °C (°F) −12.8
(9.0) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		5.4
(41.7) 		12.1
(53.8) 		17.2
(63.0) 		20.9
(69.6) 		19.9
(67.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		6.1
(43.0) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		4.9
(40.7)
Record low °C (°F) −26.7
(−16.1) 		−22.3
(−8.1) 		−14.1
(6.6) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		3.0
(37.4) 		8.1
(46.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		10.3
(50.5) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−23.3
(−9.9) 		−26.7
(−16.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.1
(0.12) 		2.8
(0.11) 		9.7
(0.38) 		28.1
(1.11) 		48.7
(1.92) 		82.2
(3.24) 		151.0
(5.94) 		144.4
(5.69) 		59.8
(2.35) 		32.0
(1.26) 		12.3
(0.48) 		3.5
(0.14) 		577.6
(22.74)
Average relative humidity (%) 51 50 48 53 58 71 81 79 69 60 54 53 61
Source: China Meteorological Administration[7]

Administrative divisions[]

Huludao has six immediate sub-municipal divisions:

Map
# Name Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Population (2003 est.) Area (km2) Density (/km2)
1 Longgang District 龙港区 Lónggǎng Qū 170,000 138 1,232
2 Lianshan District 连山区 Liánshān Qū 620,000 1,653 375
3 Nanpiao District 南票区 Nánpiào Qū 150,000 512 293
4 Xingcheng City 兴城市 Xīngchéng Shì 560,000 2,147 261
5 Suizhong County 绥中县 Suízhōng Xiàn 620,000 2,764 224
6 Jianchang County 建昌县 Jiànchāng Xiàn 610,000 3,161 193

Economy[]

More than 40 mineral resources have been discovered in the Huludao region, including gold, zinc, molybdenum, lime and manganese. West of the city center, the town of Yangjiazhangzi is an important global center for molybdenum mining.[8]

Huludao boasts a long coastline of 237 km, and the surrounding waters are rich in fish, shrimp and shellfish, with plentiful reserves of natural gas and oil. With a climate suitable for the cultivation of fruit trees, Suizhong county is home to the Qiansuo orchard, Asia's largest, which grows a wide variety of fruits including apples, pears, nectarines and jujubes.

Huludao's economy is dominated by some of China's most important industrial enterprises, providing employment for a large proportion of the population. These include Asia's biggest zinc manufacturing operation, the Huludao Zinc Smelter, the Jinxi oil refinery and Jinhua chemical engineering, as well as Huludao's massive shipyard, the building site of China's nuclear submarines. The oilfield off the coast of Suizhong county produces 5 million tons of crude oil annually. Electricity generation is set to increase annual capacity to 3.6 million kilowatts.[8]

In the city itself are special development areas designed to attract foreign investment to the region, including the Huludao Economic Development Zone and the Huludao Hi-tech Development zone, which is the location for a Siemens turbomachinery plant.

Transport[]

Huludao Railway Station

Huludao is an important link in rail and road networks between Beijing and northern cities such as Shenyang and Harbin. The newly renovated North Station (葫芦岛北站) serves high-speed passenger trains that cover the 300 km (190 mi)to Beijing in about three hours.

Public transportation in the city is provided by over 25 bus services and innumerable taxis. Traditional cycle rickshaw and auto rickshaws were banned from the city in 2010 but can be seen in smaller cities and towns in the region. Long-distance buses and trains link the centers in the greater Huludao region.

Tourism[]

Huludao is endowed with scenic areas and sites of historical interest. It attracts many domestic tourists in summer with its picturesque sandy beaches, including Longwan Beach near the city center and Xingcheng Beach, a traditional resort known as the 'second Beidaihe'.[9]

The old town in Xingcheng is a beautifully preserved Ming Dynasty city, with its original walls intact and an interior studded with temples and historical architecture. The hot springs in the Xingcheng region and its uncrowded beaches have contributed to its fame as a health destination for Party cadres across the country, while the stunning Juhua island is a significant tourist attraction.

The Great Wall passes through Huludao in spectacular fashion at on the Hebei border, where the wall spans the Daqing river in nine gates. It is the only section of the Great Wall to be built over water and was listed as a World Heritage site in 2002.[10]

Other attractions in the area include the remains of Jieshi palace, built by the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty over 2,000 years ago.

Education[]

Tertiary institutions of importance in Huludao include:

Sister cities[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Introduction to Huludao". Huludao Government. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b 人口. Huludao Government. Archived from the original on 2009-10-05. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 50. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  4. ^ "History of Huludao". Huludao Government. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  5. ^ 历史沿岸. Archived from the original on 2009-10-05. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  6. ^ 气候. Huludao Government. Archived from the original on 2009-10-05. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  7. ^ 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data. China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2018-11-09.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b "Investment Guide of Huludao City". Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. Retrieved 2009-12-30.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ "Huludao - First City out of Shanhai Pass". Shenyang Guide. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  10. ^ "Huludao - Corridor of Western Liaoning". CRIENGLISH.com. Retrieved 2009-12-31.

External links[]

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