Kadapa district

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This article is about the district. For the similarly-named district headquarters, see Kadapa.

Kadapa district

Cuddapah
District of Andhra Pradesh
YSR district
Paddy fields, Kalasipadu
Paddy fields, Kalasipadu
Nickname(s): 
Gadapa
Location of Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh
Location of Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh
Coordinates: 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.467°N 78.817°E / 14.467; 78.817Coordinates: 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.467°N 78.817°E / 14.467; 78.817
Country India
StateAndhra Pradesh
Named forY. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
HeadquartersKadapa
Administrative Divisions
  • 3 Revenue divisions
  • 51 Mandals
  • 919 Villages
    (830 inhabited, 89 uninhabited)
  • 18 Towns
    (7 statutory, 11 census)
Government
 • District collectorCh. Hari Kiran
 • Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha list
 • Assembly
Assembly list
Area
 • District of Andhra Pradesh15,359 km2 (5,930 sq mi)
 • Urban
[1]:14
482.25 km2 (186.20 sq mi)
 • Rural
[1]:14
14,876.75 km2 (5,743.95 sq mi)
Area rank7th
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • District of Andhra Pradesh2,882,469
 • Rank18th
 • Density188/km2 (490/sq mi)
 • Density rank21st
 • Urban
[1]:14
979,132
 • Rural
[1]:14
1,903,337
 • Households
706,204
 • Sex ratio
985 (females per 1,000 males)
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Literacy
 • Literates1716766
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Postal Index Number
516xxx
Area codes+91–8562
ISO 3166 codeIN-AP
Vehicle registrationAP-04 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[3]
Websitekadapa.ap.gov.in
Kadapa district is a part of Rayalaseema region (highlighted in blue) in Andhra Pradesh
Pylon commemorative of 200 years, kadapa

Kadapa district (officially: YSR District[4] formerly: Cuddapah[1]:19) is one of the thirteen districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also one of the four districts in the Rayalaseema region of the state. Kadapa is the seat of administration for the district.[5] The district was renamed as YSR District in honour of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, commemorating former Chief Minister of combined Andhra Pradesh.[6]

History[]

Rock paintings[]

Paleolithic rock paintings found at Chintakunta caves[7] near Muddanuru in Kadapa district are said to be the second largest group of paintings in India after Bhimbetika rock art paintings. The rock paintings with mystic figures are also found at Dappalle village[8] near Mylavaram Dam in Jammalamadugu Taluk of the district.

Prehistoric culture[]

Many Paleolithic sites were found in Kadapa district, as the surroundings of Jammalamadugu, Mailavaram Dam[8] and Gandikota.

Some megalithic burial sites were explored near Porumamilla, Sankhavaram and at Yellatur[9] village near Kadapa. The surroundings of Vontimitta are also noted as Megalithic cultural sites.

The section of Rayachoti consists of many documented and undocumented Megalithic sites and stone circles. A noted megalithic site is at Devandlapalli[10] in Tsundupalle taluk of the district.

Buddhism & Jainism[]

Kadapa has historical importance since BC era. It was ruled by the Mauryan Empire and the Satavahana Empire (Andhras).[11] Buddhism must have flourished here for many years along the banks of rivers Cheyyeru and Penna. Nandalur[12] is an important Buddhist site in the district along with Tallapaka, Rajampeta, Konduru, Khazipeta in the district. Jainism also had a place in Kadapa district history; the remnants of a buried Jain temple were found at Danavulapadu[13] village on the banks of river Penna.

Medieval history[]

Gandikota fort view

It was part of the area ceded to the British by Nizam. The district was formed by splitting the ceded districts into two in 1808 during the British rule, the other district being Bellary.[14] The British spelt the district as Cuddapah.

The district is part of Rayalaseema, commemorating the name of Rayulu (Kings) of the Vijayanagar Empire, who ruled the area in the 16th century. Gandikota fort located on the bank of the Penna river was the citadel of Pemmasani Nayaks, commanders of Vijayanagar army and who won the battles of Raichur and Gulbarga for the Vijayanagar kings.

The old records of the district reveal that Kadapa previously called Gadapa which translated in Telugu to threshold. The ancient village of Kadapa with its large tank and temple of Lord Venkateswara at Devuni Kadapa was convenient camping place for the myriads of pilgrims travelling to the holy shrine of Tirupathi. There was a belief that the pilgrims have to first visit Devuni Kadapa, before going to Tirupathi to pray to Saint Annamacharya and Saint Potuluri Veera Brahmam who foretold the future and advocated a classless society. The ancient temple at Vontimitta which inspired Pothana to compose Andhra Maha Bhagavatham is also in the district. In the olden days Kadapa was also called "Hiranyanagaram".

Recent historical records reveal that in Jyothi village located in Siddavatam mandal has 108 Shiva lingas on the bank of Penna river.

Modern history[]

After the Treaty of Seringapatam, Nizam of Hyderabad acquired the district. He ceded it to the British in 1800 and eight years later they created the present-day administrative entity. The district headquarters were situated in Siddavatam but moved to Kadapa in 1812.[15]

Geography[]

Districts of Andhra Pradesh

Kadapa district occupies an area of 15,938 square kilometres (6,154 sq mi),[16] comparatively equivalent to Canada's Prince Patrick Island.[17] The main rivers in this district are Penna, Chitravathi, Kunderu, Papagni, Sagileru, Bahuda and Cheyyeru.

Reservoirs[]

Brahmam Sagar reservoir

Kadapa district has several reservoirs, some of which are Brahmamsagar Reservoir, Mylavaram Dam Reservoir, Annamayya Project, Gandikota Reservoir.[18]

Volcanogenic bedded Barytes[]

Volcanogenic bedded Barytes located at Mangampet in Obulavaripalle mandal has been declared the National Geological Monuments of India by the Geological Survey of India (GSI), for their protection, maintenance, promotion and enhancement of geotourism.[19][20][21]

Demographics[]

hidePopulation Growth of Kadapa district 
CensusPopulation %±
18711,351,194
—
18811,121,038−17.0%
18911,272,07213.5%
19011,291,2671.5%
20012,601,797
—
20112,884,52410.9%
source:1871-1901[22]

As of 2011 census, Kadapa district has a population of 2,884,524. This gives it a ranking of 132nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 188 inhabitants per square kilometre (490/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 10.87%. It has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.88%.

Economy[]

Besides its historical importance, the district has occupied an important place in the industrial map of Andhra Pradesh with its valuable mineral resources.

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹26,342 crore (US$3.7 billion) and contributes 5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹70,821 (US$990). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹6,204 crore (US$870 million), ₹6,935 crore (US$970 million) and ₹13,203 crore (US$1.9 billion) respectively.[23]

Black corson soil lands are 24%, black soil 19%, sandy soil lands 4%, red soil lands 25%. The first variety lands are very fertile, sand soil lands less so. 'Korra', orange, lime and betel leaf are the special crops. They are cultivated near river beds. Starting at Sunkesula Dam on Tungabadra river K. C. Canal flows through Kadapa and Kurnool districts providing water to 40 km2 (15 sq mi) of cultivable land. The main source of drinking water to this district is Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravanthi Project Canal.

This district is the repository of mineral wealth. As per the 1983 survey of geological survey of India 3 million tons of lead, 74,000,000 tons of barytes, and 27000 tons of asbestos deposits are there. It is estimated that 70 million tons of barytes deposits might be in Mangampet. There are clay deposits in Rajampet. This is used to make stone implements. Limestone is available in Yerraguntla. National Mineral Development Corporation is extracting asbestos in Brahman palli and barytes in Mangampet. Kadapa is also famous for its stone called "kadapa stone" used in building construction and for slabs especially in south India. In Tummalapalle, there are 49,000 tonnes of confirmed uranium deposits which are mined and processed locally.[24][25] Apart from these minerals and industries Agriculture also forms a part district economy.

Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station

Industries[]

In 2006 the Indian government named Kadapa district as one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[26] It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[26]

Administration[]

The present district collector is Ch. Hari Kiran.[27]

Divisions[]

Kadapa district Collectorate Complex

Kadapa district has three Revenue Divisions viz., Kadapa, Rajampeta and Jammalamadugu divisions.[28] The district has 51 mandals under these revenue divisions.[29] It also has a Municipal Corporation of Kadapa and seven municipalities namely Badvel, Mydukur, Proddatur, Pulivendula, Rayachoti, Jammalamadugu, Rajampet.

Mandals[]

The mandals are listed with respect to their revenue divisions in the following table:[28][30]

# Kadapa Division Rajampeta Division Jammalamadugu Division
1 Chakrayapet Atlur Chapadu
2 Chennur B Matham Duvvur
3 Chinnamandem B.Kodur Jammalamadugu
4 Chinthakommadinne Badvel Kondapuram
5 Kadapa Chitvel Lingala
6 Galiveedu Gopavaram Muddanur
7 Kamalapuram Kalasapadu Mydukur
8 Khajipet Kodur Mylavaram
9 Lakkireddipalle Nandalur Peddamudium
10 Pendlimarri Obulavaripalle Proddatur
11 Ramapuram Penagalur Pulivendula
12 Rayachoti Porumamilla Rajupalem
13 Sambepalle Pullampeta Simhadripuram
14 T Sundupalle Rajampet Thondur
15 Vallur Siddavatam Vempalle
16 Veeraballi Sri Avadhuth Kasinayana Vemula
17 Veerapunayunipalle Vontimitta
18 Yerraguntla

Before the formation of mandals, Administration was done through Taluka system.

Erstwhile Talukas in Kadapa district were

S.No. Erstwhile Talukas in 1971 Newly Formed Talukas in 1978 New Mandals formed in 1985
1. Kadapa Kadapa Kadapa, Vallur, Chennur, Khajipeta, Chinthakommadinne, Pendlimarri,
2 Kamalapuram Kamalapuram Kamalapuram, Yerraguntla, Veerapunayunipalle
3 Jammalamadugu Jammalamadugu Jammalamadugu [part], Mylavaram, Peddamudium
Muddanur [10] Muddanur, Kondapuram, Jammalamadugu [part]
4 Proddutur Proddutur Proddutur, Mydukur, Chapad, Rajupalem, Duvvur,
5 Badvel Badvel Badvel, Kalasapadu, Sri Avadutha kasinayana, Porumamilla, B.Kodur, Brahmamgari mattam, Gopavaram [part]
6 Sidhout Sidhout Sidhout, Atlur, Gopavaram, Vontimitta, Gopavaram [part]
7 Rajampeta Rajampeta Rajampeta, Nandalur, Penagalur
Kodur [11] Kodur, Pullampeta, Chitvel, Obulavaripalle,
8 Rayachoty Rayachoty Rayachoty, Veeraballe, Sambepalle, Chinnamandem, T sundupalle
Lakkireddipalli[12] Lakkireddipalle, Chakrayapeta, Ramapuram, Galiveedu
9 Pulivendula Pulivendula Pulivendula, Vempalle, Lingala, Thondur, Simhadripuram, Vemula

Assembly constituencies[]

Towns in Kadapa District[]

 
Largest cities or towns in Kadapa District
As per the 2011 Census
Kadapa
Kadapa
Proddatur
Proddatur 		1 Kadapa Kadapa Division 344,893 Rayachoti
Rayachoti
Badvel
Badvel
2 Proddatur Jammalamadugu Division 194,850
3 Rayachoti Kadapa Division 98,299
4 Badvel Rajampeta Division 70,626
5 Pulivendula Jammalamadugu Division 65,706
6 Jammalamadugu Jammalamadugu Division 61,218
7 Rajampeta Rajampeta Division 54,050
8 Mydukur Jammalamadugu Division 45,790
9 Railway Kodur Rajampeta Division 39,408
10 Yerraguntla Kadapa Division 32,574

The Population of Towns in Kadapa district is as follows[31]

Municipal Bodies in Kadapa District
S.No. Town Name Civic Status of Town Municipality

Formation

Year

No. of

Wards[32]

2011 Census

Population

2001 Census

Population

1991 Census

Population

1981 Census

Population

1971 Census

Population

1. Kadapa Municipal Corporation 1868 50 344,893 278,039 215,866 103,125 66,195
2 Proddutur Municipality Special Grade 1915 41 194,850 165,216 133,914 107,070 70,822
3 Rayachoty Municipality Grade-1 2005 34 98,299 72,297 51,931 35,257 16,721
4 Badvel Municipality Grade-2 2006 35 70,626 47,954 13,679 11,460 9,083
5 Pulivendula Municipality Grade-2 2005 33 65,706 38,566 28,317 21,104 11,704
6 Jammalamadugu Nagar Panchayat 2005 20 61,218 54,218 46,133 33,729 20,008
7 Rajampeta Municipality Grade-2 2005 29 54,050 45,957 26,181 19,927 13,345
8 Mydukur Municipality Grade-3 2011 24 45,790 31,838 24,222 16,405 10,982
9 Yerraguntla Nagar Panchayat 2012 20 32,574 26,838 19,361 11,784 6,191
10 Kamalapuram Nagar Panchayat 2020 20 20,623 17,540 12,364 9,873 8,443
Erstwhile Talukas Population
S.No. Town Civic status of Town 2011 Census

Population

1. Railway Kodur Census Town 39,408
2 Lakkireddipalli Grama Panchayat 10,303
3 Muddanur Census Town 9,775
4 Sidhout Grama Panchayat 4,787
Census Towns in Kadapa District
S.No. Town Civic Status of Towns 2011 Census

Population

1 Nagireddipalle [Nandalur] Census Town 12,318
2 Veparala [Mylavaram] Census Town 6,712
3 Mangampeta [Obulavaripalle] Census Town 5,175

Transport[]

Pulivendula-Kadapa 4 lane road near pulivendula
Kadapa Airport Terminal

Kadapa district is well-connected by road, rail and airways with neighbouring districts of Andhra Pradesh.

Roadways[]

The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,088 km (676 mi).[33] National Highway 40, National Highway 716 and National Highway 67 pass through the district.

Railways[]

The district has railway administration under Guntakal railway division. Kadapa, , Yerraguntla Junction, Proddatur, Jammalamadugu are some of the main railway stations in the district.

Airways[]

Kadapa Airport is located north west to Kadapa city.

Education[]

JNTUACEP Entrance, Pulivendula
RIMS Medical College Block, Kadapa

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[34][35] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 4,488 schools. They include, 22 government, 3,094 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 1,181 private, 10 model, 29 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 88 municipal and 63 other types of schools.[36] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 416,782.[37]

There are junior colleges for (10+2) education, among which 25 are under government, 13 are social welfare, 26 private aided, 83 are private unaided and also there are a few incentive, co-operative, government model colleges. For the purpose of imparting and the students sit for the certificate of Board of Intermediate Education.[38] The government colleges of Kadapa, Proddatur, Pulivendula, Rayachoti, Jammalamadugu, and Rajampet are the oldest government colleges of the district, established in 1969.[38]

The higher education colleges have various fields of study like medical, nursing, degree, post graduate, polytechnic, law, teaching, pharmacy, engineering, veterinary, etc. The Yogi Vemana University is a state university which has one autonomous college as per the Universities Grant Commission.[39] Sri Venkateswara College of Veterinary Sciences. The engineering colleges of the district are, KSRM College of Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, etc.[39]

Notable personalities[]

  • Annamacharya, Hindu saint and musician
  • Potuluri Veerabrahmam, a well-known saint and astrologer, often called as 'Nostradamus of India'
  • Allasani Peddana, one of the poets in Astdiggajalu in Srikrishnadevarayalu
  • Molla (poet), poet
  • C.P. Brown, Telugu author, he also worked as a Collector
  • Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, former Chief Minister of combined Andhra Pradesh
  • B. Nagi Reddy, South Indian film producer
  • B. Padmanabham, veteran film comedian and producer
  • B. N. Reddy, film director
  • P. Kannamba, first generation Telugu heroine and producer, famous for sword fights
  • Santha Kumari, musical artist and film actress
  • Dr. Y. V. Reddy, former Reserve Bank of India Governor
  • Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy, former Supreme Court Judge, former National Law Commission Chairman, former Press Council of India Chairman, member of the Expert Group appointed by United Nations
  • V. N. Reddy, cinematographer
  • Yogi Vemana, Telugu philosopher and poet
  • Y. Vijaya, well known character artist in Telugu and Tamil films
  • Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh

References[]

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  2. ^ "Population". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  3. ^ "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  4. ^ "YSR District".
  5. ^ "Six districts in Andhra reel under drinking water crisis". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 13 May 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  6. ^ "Ex-Andhra Pradesh CM YSR's native district Kadapa to be named after him". The Times of India. 18 June 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  7. ^ Subramanyam, M.V. (25 July 2012). "Second largest rock art painting site explored". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ Murty, M. L. K. (2003). Comprehensive History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: Pre- and protohistoric ... google.co.in. ISBN 9788125024750.
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  17. ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1998. Retrieved 11 October 2011. Prince Patrick Island 15,848
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  21. ^ national geo-heritage of India, INTACH
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  25. ^ "India: 'Massive' uranium find in Andhra Pradesh". BBC News – South Asia. BBC. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
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  39. ^ Jump up to: a b "Autonomous colleges" (PDF). University Grants Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.

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