Kawartha Lakes

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This article is about the city. For the lakes, see Kawartha Lakes (Ontario).
Kawartha Lakes
City (single-tier)
City of Kawartha Lakes
Kawartha Lakes city hall in Lindsay
Kawartha Lakes city hall in Lindsay
Flag of Kawartha Lakes
Flag
Official logo of Kawartha Lakes
Motto(s): 
"Catch the Kawartha Spirit"
Kawartha Lakes' location within Ontario
Kawartha Lakes' location within Ontario
Coordinates: 44°21′N 78°45′W / 44.350°N 78.750°W / 44.350; -78.750Coordinates: 44°21′N 78°45′W / 44.350°N 78.750°W / 44.350; -78.750
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
County (historical)Victoria
Formed by political mergerJanuary 1, 2001
SeatLindsay
Government
 • Mayor
 • CouncilCity of Kawartha Lakes Council
 • MPJamie Schmale (CPC)
 • MPPLaurie Scott (PC)
Area
 • Land3,084.38 km2 (1,190.89 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[1]
 • Total75,423
 • Density24.5/km2 (63/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Postal Code
beginning with K and L
Area code(s)705
Websitewww.kawarthalakes.ca

The City of Kawartha Lakes (2016 population 75,423[1]) is a unitary municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. It is a municipality legally structured as a single-tier city; however, Kawartha Lakes is the size of a typical Ontario county and is mostly rural. It is the second largest single-tier municipality in Ontario by land area (after Greater Sudbury).

The main population centres are the communities of Bobcaygeon, Fenelon Falls, Lindsay, Omemee and Woodville.

History[]

The Kawartha Lakes area is situated on the traditional territory of the Anishinaabeg, Huron-Wendat and more recently, the Haudenosaunee peoples.[2] The city's name is from the Kawartha Lakes. Kawartha is an anglicization of Ka-wa-tha (from Ka-wa-tae-gum-maug or Gaa-waategamaag), which was coined in 1895 by Martha Whetung of the Curve Lake First Nations. It meant "land of reflections" in the Anishinaabe language, according to Whetung. The word was later changed by tourism promoters to Kawartha, meaning "bright waters and happy lands."[3]

Prior to its restructuring as a city, the area was known as Victoria County. The city was created in 2001, during the ruling provincial Progressive Conservative party's "Common Sense Revolution". Through provincial legislation, the former Victoria County and its constituent municipalities were amalgamated into one entity named the City of Kawartha Lakes.

This act was implemented by the Victoria County Restructuring Commission, led by commissioner Harry Kitchen.[4] Despite a general opposition from residents of the area, the provincial government pushed forward with the amalgamation,[5][6] which officially came into effect on January 1, 2001.

By a narrow margin (51% for, 49% against), the citizens of Kawartha Lakes voted to de-amalgamate in a November 2003 local plebiscite, but the provincial and municipal governments have not taken any steps since the vote to initiate de-amalgamation.[6]

Demographics[]

Population trends[]

hideCanada census – Kawartha Lakes community profile
2016 2011 2006
Population: 75,423 (3% from 2011) 73,219 (-1.8% from 2006) 74,561 (7.8% from 2001)
Land area: 3,084.38 km2 (1,190.89 sq mi) 3,083.06 km2 (1,190.38 sq mi) 3,059.47 km2 (1,181.27 sq mi)
Population density: 24.5/km2 (63/sq mi) 23.7/km2 (61/sq mi) 24.4/km2 (63/sq mi)
Median age: 46.7 (M: 45.8, F: 47.6) 48.4 (M: 47.6, F: 49.2) 45.1 (M: 44.3, F: 45.9)
Total private dwellings: 38,444 37,161 37,986
Median household income: $69,465 $52,955
References: 2016[7] 2011[8] 2006[9] earlier[10]

In the 2016 census, the population of the Lindsay urban area was 20,713, up from 20,291 in 2011.[11]

Town of Lindsay
Census Population Change (%)
2016 20,713 Increase24.1%
1991 16,696 Increase22.8%
1981 13,596 Increase6.7%
1971 12,746 Increase11.8%
1961 11,399 Increase18.7%
1951 9,603 Increase15.1%
1941 8,345 Increase11.2%
1931 7,505 Decrease1.5%
1921 7,620 Increase9.4%
1911 6,964 Decrease0.6%
1901 7,003 Increase15.2%
1891 6,081 Increase19.7%
1881 5,080 Increase25.5%
1871 4,049 n/a

Census Division rankings[]

National rank in terms of population (2016): 73
Provincial rank in terms of population (2016): 33

Ethnocultural and racial statistics[]

Only ethnic groups that comprise greater than 1% of the population are included. Note that a person can report more than one group[12]

  • English: 45.2%
  • Canadian: 35.0%
  • Irish: 27.6%
  • Scottish: 20.3%
  • French: 10.4%
  • German: 9.4%
  • Dutch: 6.3%
  • First Nations: 2.9%
  • Welsh: 2.6%
  • Polish: 2.2%
  • Italian: 2.2%
  • Ukrainian: 2.2%
  • British Isles (other): 2.0%
  • Hungarian: 1.0%
  • Native: 2.9%
  • Non-European Ethnicities: 1.6%
Canada 2006 Census Population % of Total Population
group
Source:[13]		 South Asian 365 0.5%
Chinese 95 0.13%
Black 250 0.34%
Filipino 55 0.07%
Latin American 70 0.1%
Arab 45 0.06%
Southeast Asian 20 0.03%
West Asian 0 0%
Korean 165 0.22%
Japanese 25 0.03%
Other Non-European Ethnicities 50 0.07%
Mixed Ethnicities 60 0.08%
Total Non-European Ethnicities population 1195 1.63%
Aboriginal group
Source:[14]		 First Nations 805 1.1%
Métis 420 0.57%
Inuit 0 0%
Total Aboriginal population 1255 1.71%
White 70915 96.66%
Total population 73365 100%

Government[]

Kawartha Lakes is governed by a City Council consisting of the Mayor and one councillor from each of the City's wards. From 2001 to the 2018 election, there were 16 wards and councillors, but this was changed to 8 wards for the 2018 election.[15] The mayor and councillors are elected for four-year terms, as mandated by the Government of Ontario for all municipalities in the province. The mayor of Kawartha Lakes is Andy Letham.

For purposes of electing representatives both provincially and federally, the city is within the riding of Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock. Its Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is Laurie Scott of the Progressive Conservative Party, elected in 2018. Its federal Member of Parliament (MP) is Jamie Schmale of the Conservative Party, who was elected in 2015.

Communities[]

The following is a list of all the former incorporated villages, unincorporated hamlets and communities, rural post offices, and rural post offices abandoned after the start of rural mail delivery.

Note:

*ghost town
** abandoned includes: solely a rural post office (no other local "community") abandoned after the start of rural mail delivery; abandoned rural post office with some local community that became ghost town over time; and communities planned during surveying of the county in the 1830s, but were never built

Climate[]

The Kawartha Lakes area has a humid continental climate with warm, sometimes humid summers and cold snowy winters. The snowier areas are typically the ones closer to large lakes, and snow usually ranges from 150 cm to 200 cm in a year in most areas.

hideClimate data for Janetville, Ontario, 1981-2010 normals, extremes 1981-2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		24.5
(76.1) 		30.5
(86.9) 		33.0
(91.4) 		34.0
(93.2) 		36.5
(97.7) 		36.0
(96.8) 		33.0
(91.4) 		27.5
(81.5) 		21.0
(69.8) 		18.5
(65.3) 		36.5
(97.7)
Average high °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		18.2
(64.8) 		23.8
(74.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.3
(77.5) 		20.6
(69.1) 		13.4
(56.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		11.9
(53.5)
Average low °C (°F) −12.0
(10.4) 		−11.4
(11.5) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		0.4
(32.7) 		6.0
(42.8) 		11.2
(52.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		13.0
(55.4) 		8.9
(48.0) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		1.4
(34.4)
Record low °C (°F) −35.0
(−31.0) 		−31.0
(−23.8) 		−31.5
(−24.7) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−18.5
(−1.3) 		−33.0
(−27.4) 		−35.0
(−31.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 72.3
(2.85) 		55.3
(2.18) 		61.7
(2.43) 		74.6
(2.94) 		88.7
(3.49) 		84.0
(3.31) 		73.7
(2.90) 		89.2
(3.51) 		97.2
(3.83) 		80.7
(3.18) 		99.0
(3.90) 		72.7
(2.86) 		949.1
(37.38)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 47.2
(18.6) 		34.0
(13.4) 		29.4
(11.6) 		10.3
(4.1) 		0.1
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		2.1
(0.8) 		21.2
(8.3) 		42.3
(16.7) 		186.6
(73.5)
Source: Environment Canada[17]
hideClimate data for Lindsay (1981−2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.5
(52.7) 		11.5
(52.7) 		24.0
(75.2) 		29.5
(85.1) 		32.0
(89.6) 		34.0
(93.2) 		36.5
(97.7) 		36.5
(97.7) 		32.5
(90.5) 		27.0
(80.6) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.5
(63.5) 		36.5
(97.7)
Average high °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		2.9
(37.2) 		11.2
(52.2) 		18.2
(64.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		26.0
(78.8) 		24.8
(76.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		5.6
(42.1) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		11.5
(52.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −8.4
(16.9) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		6.0
(42.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.3
(68.5) 		19.2
(66.6) 		14.8
(58.6) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		6.6
(43.9)
Average low °C (°F) −12.7
(9.1) 		−11.4
(11.5) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		6.8
(44.2) 		11.9
(53.4) 		14.4
(57.9) 		13.5
(56.3) 		9.4
(48.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−8.1
(17.4) 		1.7
(35.1)
Record low °C (°F) −36.5
(−33.7) 		−35
(−31) 		−30.5
(−22.9) 		−14
(7) 		−4
(25) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−18.5
(−1.3) 		−34
(−29) 		−36.5
(−33.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 66.8
(2.63) 		54.9
(2.16) 		55.7
(2.19) 		65.2
(2.57) 		87.3
(3.44) 		82.6
(3.25) 		75.8
(2.98) 		85.7
(3.37) 		88.2
(3.47) 		76.6
(3.02) 		89.8
(3.54) 		68.5
(2.70) 		896.9
(35.31)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 22.4
(0.88) 		22.2
(0.87) 		30.4
(1.20) 		57.5
(2.26) 		87.3
(3.44) 		82.6
(3.25) 		75.8
(2.98) 		85.7
(3.37) 		88.2
(3.47) 		74.9
(2.95) 		72.3
(2.85) 		29.4
(1.16) 		728.6
(28.69)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 44.4
(17.5) 		32.7
(12.9) 		25.3
(10.0) 		7.7
(3.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.7
(0.7) 		17.5
(6.9) 		39.0
(15.4) 		168.3
(66.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 17.2 13.4 13.0 13.8 14.7 12.4 11.0 12.2 13.6 16.1 16.5 16.0 169.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 4.5 4.2 7.4 12.2 14.7 12.4 11.0 12.2 13.6 15.8 12.2 6.2 126.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 13.8 10.4 7.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.58 5.6 11.1 51.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 89.4 100.8 144.2 176.0 204.0 220.4 278.5 221.1 156.2 128.7 80.0 60.1 1,859.2
Percent possible sunshine 31.1 34.3 39.1 43.7 44.6 47.5 59.3 50.9 41.5 37.7 27.6 21.7 39.9
Source: Environment Canada[18]

Victoria County[]

Main article: Victoria County, Ontario

Prior to 2001, Victoria County consisted of 13 separate townships and 6 incorporated communities, each with their own local governments:[19]

Townships[]

Population centres:

  • Bexley (Victoria Road, Coboconk)
  • Carden (Dalrymple)
  • Dalton (Sebright, Uphill, Sadowa)
  • Eldon (Glenarm, Kirkfield)
  • Emily (Omemee, Downeyville, Fowlers Corners)
  • Fenelon (Cameron, Cambray, Powles Corners)
  • Laxton, Digby and Longford (Uphill, Norland)
  • Longford (largely uninhabited)
  • Manvers (Janetville, Bethany, Pontypool)
  • Mariposa (Oakwood, Little Britain, Manilla)
  • Ops (Reaboro)
  • Somerville (Coboconk, Kinmount)
  • Verulam (Dunsford, Bobcaygeon)

The township of Laxton, Digby and Longford is an amalgamation of the once individual townships of Digby and Laxton, and half of the original Longford Township. The separate township of Longford is uninhabited, though dotted with abandoned logging towns. In 2000, just prior to amalgamation into the city of Kawartha Lakes, the township of Verulam and the village of Bobcaygeon were amalgamated into the Municipality of Bobcaygeon/Verulam, and the separate townships of Carden and Dalton amalgamated into the Township of Carden/Dalton.[20]

Incorporated communities[]

Transportation[]

Air transportation[]

Kawartha Lakes Municipal Airport, a Transport Canada certified airport, has 24-hour radio operated lighting and provides access to key points throughout Ontario. Kawartha Lakes Municipal Airport is located one nautical mile west north west of Lindsay. It offers a card lock fuel system and can be used by both private and commercial airplanes.

Water transportation[]

Towns and villages in City of Kawartha Lakes are interconnected by rivers, lakes and streams that can be best navigated May to October. The Trent-Severn Waterway, which extends from Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario to Georgian Bay in the north, is part of the waterways in City of Kawartha Lakes. Five locks, Bobcaygeon 32, Lindsay 33, Fenelon Falls 34, Rosedale 35, and Kirkfield 36 are part of the Trent-Severn National HistoricSsite and operated by Parks Canada. Coboconk is noted as being Canada's fresh water summit with waters flowing two different directions. It is the highest navigable point in Canada from which it is possible to reach the world. There are no water taxis operating in City of Kawartha Lakes. Boat and houseboat rentals are available.

Land transportation[]

The following King's Highways pass through the city:

  • Highway 7, part of the Trans-Canada Highway
  • Highway 7A
  • Highway 35
  • Highway 115
  • Highway 7B also exists entirely within the city, following the length of Kent Street through Lindsay, and cosigning with Highway 35 for 800 m.
Further information: List of numbered roads in Kawartha Lakes, Ontario

The following multi-use trails pass through the city:

  • Lindsay-Peterborough (east-west) rail line, part of the Trans Canada Trail
  • Bethany-Haliburton (north-south) rail line, known as the Victoria Rail Trail [21]

Public transportation[]

Because of the largely rural composition of the City of Kawartha Lakes, there is limited public transportation. City of Kawartha Lakes has public bus transit in the town of Lindsay only (known as Lindsay Transit), running three lines of hourly service Monday-Saturday from 7am-7pm.[22]

On June 21, 2015 a pilot project rural bus route serving part of City of Kawartha Lakes ended service. The rural bus stopped in Lindsay, Dunsford, Bobcaygeon, Fenelon Falls, and Cameron.[23]

Most school children are bussed to elementary and high school.

Bus companies[]

TOK Coachlines (formerly called CanAr Bus Lines) offers service between Toronto and Haliburton with several stops in City of Kawartha Lakes.[24]

Train routes[]

The last Canadian National Railway (CN) train to run through City of Kawartha Lakes was on the Lindsay - Uxbridge line which ceased operation in 1990.[25] The last passenger train to run through the City of Kawartha Lakes was No. 189 with Budd Car VIA 6104 from Havelock to Toronto Union Station over Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) lines on January 14, 1990.[26]

CP freight trains continue to operate through the City of Kawartha Lakes on the Havelock Subdivision (MP 133.23 - MP 143.22) which passes through Pontypool (MP 139.1)[27]

High-level discussions organized by the Shining Waters Railway continue about returning passenger rail-service to the Midtown Toronto to Havelock line with a stop in Pontypool.[28]

The Trans Canada Trail which is situated on the old rail line from Uxbridge, continues to be a possibility for commuter service to Toronto and Pearson Airport, from the Highway 7 bridge.

Taxi services[]

There are several private taxi services in City of Kawartha Lakes licensed by the local government.

Car/van pools[]

Several businesses and organizations offer car and van pooling through Car Pool World including Sir Sandford Fleming College.[29]

Attractions[]

  • Academy Theatre
  • Lindsay Little Theatre
  • The Lindsay Gallery
  • Maryboro Lodge: The Fenelon Museum
  • Devil's Elbow Ski Area, Bethany
  • Trans-Canada Trail, and Doube's Trestle Bridge[30]
  • Lindsay Airport, Lindsay
  • [31]
  • Victoria Recreation Corridor
  • Highland Cinema and Museum, Kinmount
  • Trent-Severn Waterway

Protected areas[]

Media[]

  • Kawartha Lakes This Week (established as Lindsay This Week in 1977)
  • The Kawartha Promoter[32] (bi-weekly news magazine published out of Bobcaygeon)
  • 91.9 BOB FM (CKLY-FM) transmits from Lindsay
  • CKLR - City of Kawartha Lakes Radio Broadcasts from Fenelon Falls[33][34]
  • CHEX-TV transmits on Channel 12 from Peterborough
  • 100.3 LIFE FM, transmitting at 89.3 from Peterborough
  • The Lindsay Post (established in Beaverton as The Canadian Post in 1857, moved to Lindsay in 1861. Ceased publication in 2013.)
  • The Lindsay Advocate (online and print news magazine focused on social and economic issues.)

Surrounding counties[]

  • Muskoka District Municipality
  • Haliburton County
  • Northumberland County
  • Peterborough County
  • Regional Municipality of Durham
  • Simcoe County

See also[]

  • List of secondary schools in Ontario#City of Kawartha Lakes

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Kawartha Lakes, City [Census subdivision], Ontario". Statistics Canada. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  2. ^ "Kawartha Lakes (Ont) | The Canadian Encyclopedia". thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  3. ^ Rayburn, Alan. Place Names in Ontario. University of Toronto Press. p. 176.
  4. ^ "Municipal Government for Victoria County: A New Beginning - Final Report and Order" (PDF). ODW Ontario Government Documents. 2000-04-19. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "Yes Victoria - Citizens for the de-amalgamation of the city of Kawartha Lakes". Yesvictoria.com. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Voices of Central Ontario - Historical summary". Voconews.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-27. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  7. ^ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 21, 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  8. ^ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 5, 2013. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  9. ^ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
  10. ^ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 17, 2012.
  11. ^ "Lindsay, Ontario Census Profile". 2016 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  12. ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Statistics Canada: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". 12.statcan.ca. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  13. ^ Lakes&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision
  14. ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Statistics Canada: Aboriginal Peoples Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". 12.statcan.ca. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  15. ^ "Ward Boundaries". City of Kawartha Lakes. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  16. ^ "Salem Corners". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  17. ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2000, Janetville". Environment Canada.
  18. ^ "Lindsay Frost". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  19. ^ Algonquin Park and Kawarthas map. MapArt Corporation. 1998.
  20. ^ Order of the Commission, (on Victoria County) (PDF), April 19, 2000, archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2008, retrieved 2009-08-05
  21. ^ "Victoria Rail Trail Corridor (VRTC) — City of Kawartha Lakes". City.kawarthalakes.on.ca. Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  22. ^ "Lindsay Transit — City of Kawartha Lakes". City.kawarthalakes.on.ca. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  23. ^ "Rural Transit" (PDF). City of Kawartha Lakes. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 14, 2014.
  24. ^ "Schedules: Toronto – Haliburton & Toronto – Port Elgin Scheduled Services". TOK Coachlines. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  25. ^ McKechnie, Ian (April 4, 2018). "'A whole chapter is nearly over:' How Lindsay lost its train service". Lindsay Advocate. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  26. ^ "6104". Cnrphotos.com. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  27. ^ "2011 Subdivision List" (PDF). Canadian Pacific Railway. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2014.
  28. ^ "Shining Waters Railway". Shiningwatersrailway.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-04. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  29. ^ "Kawartha Lakes Car Pooling - Need A Ride?". Kawarthalakesmums.blogspot.ca.
  30. ^ "Kawartha Trans Canada Trail - Kawartha Trans Canada Trail". Ktct.ca. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  31. ^ Krewen, Nick (26 March 2011). "Neil Young: take a look at his life" – via Toronto Star.
  32. ^ "Magazine". Thepromoter.ca. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  33. ^ "CKLR City of Kawartha Lakes Radio". Facebook.com. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  34. ^ "All Southern half of the City of Kawartha Lakes including the communities of Lindsay, Omemee, Pontypool, Little Britain, Cameron, Woodville and Kirkfield Categories". Lindsaychamber.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  35. ^ Municipal Government for Victoria County - A New Beginning (Final Report) (PDF), 2000-04-19, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21, retrieved 2009-07-22
  36. ^ "Kawartha Lakes (city) community profile". 2006 Census data. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-06-10.

External links[]

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