List of French cheeses
This is a list of French cheeses documenting the varieties of cheeses, a milk-based food that is produced in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms, which are found in France. In 1962, French President Charles de Gaulle asked, "How can you govern a country which has two hundred and forty-six varieties of cheese?"[1] There is immense diversity within each variety of cheese, leading some to claim closer to anywhere between 1,000 and 1,600 distinct types of French cheese.[2] French cheeses are broadly grouped into eight categories, 'les huit familles de fromage'.[2]
Protected designation of origin[]
Under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, certain established cheeses, including many French varieties, are covered by a protected designation of origin (PDO), and other, less stringent, designations of geographical origin for traditional specialities, such as the EU Protected Geographical Indication. The systems has largely replaced national systems, such as the French appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) system, as any cheese registered as a PDO or PGI can not use the designation AOC anymore in order to avoid confusion.[3]
French cheese production is classified under four categories, and PDO/PGI/(AOC) rules dictate which category or categories each protected cheese may be assigned to:[4]
- Fermier: farmhouse cheese, which is produced on the farm where the milk is produced.
- Artisanal: producer producing cheese in relatively small quantities using milk from their own farm, but may also purchase milk from local farms.
- Coopérative: dairy with local milk producers in an area that have joined to produce cheese. In larger coopératives quantities of cheese produced may be relatively large, akin to some industriel producers (many may be classed as factory-made[5]).
- Industriel: factory-made cheese from milk sourced locally or regionally, perhaps all over France (depending on the AOC/PDO regulations for specific cheeses).
Some cheeses are classified, protected, and regulated under French law. The majority are classified as Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), the highest level of protection. Some are also protected under the less stringent but still legally regulated designation Label Régional (LR). A few French cheeses are protected under the European Union's Protected Geographic Indication designation (PGI). Many familiar generic types, like Boursin, are not covered, while others originally from other countries, such as Emmental cheese, may have certain varieties protected as a French cheese. This list differs from those of AOC status.
Cheese | Year designated appellation | Producing region | Type of milk | Designation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abondance | 1990 | Haute-Savoie | Cow | PDO |
Banon | 2003 | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur | Goat | PDO |
Beaufort | 1968 | Savoie | Cow | PDO |
Bleu d'Auvergne | 1975 | Auvergne | Cow | PDO |
Bleu des Causses | 1979 | Midi-Pyrénées | Cow | PDO |
Bleu de Gex Haut-Jura / Bleu de Septmoncel | 1977 | Franche-Comté | Cow | PDO |
Bleu du Vercors-Sassenage | 1998 | Rhône-Alpes | Cow | PDO |
Brie de Meaux | 1980 | Île-de-France | Cow | PDO |
Brie de Melun | 1980 | Île-de-France | Cow | PDO |
Brillat-Savarin | 2015 | Burgundy | Cow | PGI |
Brocciu Corse or Brocciu | 1983 | Corsica | Sheep | PDO |
2018 | PDO | |||
Cabécou | 1988 | Midi-Pyrénées | Goat | AOC |
Cancoillotte | n/a | Franche-Comté | Cow | LR |
Cantal, Fourme de Cantal | 1956 | Auvergne | Cow | PDO |
Camembert de Normandie | 1983 | Normandy | Cow | AOC |
Cazelle de Saint Affrique | n/a | Midi-Pyrénées, Aveyron Department | Sheep | PDO |
Chabichou du Poitou | 1990 | Poitou-Charentes | Goat | PDO |
Chaource | 1970 | Champagne-Ardenne | Cow | PDO |
2010 | PDO | |||
Chevrotin | 2003 | PDO | ||
Comté | 1952 | Franche-Comté | Cow | PDO |
Crottin de Chavignol/Chavignol | 1976 | Centre-Val de Loire | Goat | PDO |
Emmental de Savoie | n/a | Savoie | Cow | PGI |
Emmental français est-central | n/a | Franche-Comté | Cow | PGI |
Époisses | 1991 | Burgundy | Cow | PDO |
Faisselle | Rians | Cow, Goat, Sheep | ||
Fourme d'Ambert | 1972 | Auvergne | Cow | PDO |
Fourme de Montbrison | 1972 | Auvergne | Cow | PDO |
Gruyère | 2018[6] | central eastern regions | Cow | PGI |
Laguiole | 1961 | Auvergne | Cow | PDO |
Langres | 1991 | Champagne-Ardenne | Cow | PDO |
Livarot | 1972 | Normandy | Cow | PDO |
Mâconnais | 2006 | Burgundy | Goat | PDO |
Maroilles or Marolles | 1976 | Nord-Pas-de-Calais | Cow | PDO |
Mimolette | n/a | Nord-Pas-de-Calais | Cow | LR |
Mont d'or, or Vacherin du Haut-Doubs | 2006 | Franche-Comté | Cow | PDO |
Morbier | 2000 | Franche-Comté | Cow | PDO |
Munster or Munster-Géromé | 1969 | Alsace and Vosges départements in Lorraine (region) | Cow | PDO |
Neufchâtel | 1969 | Normandy | Cow | PDO |
Ossau-lraty | 1980 | Aquitaine | Sheep | PDO |
Pélardon | 2000 | Languedoc-Roussillon | Goat | PDO |
Picodon | 1983 | Rhône-Alpes | Goat | PDO |
Pont-l'Évêque | 1976 | Normandy | Cow | PDO |
Pouligny-Saint-Pierre | 1972 | Centre-Val de Loire | Goat | PDO |
2015 | PGI | |||
Reblochon or Reblochon de Savoie | 1958 | Savoie and Haute-Savoie | Cow | PDO |
Rigotte de Condrieu | 2008 | Lyon | Goat | PDO |
Rocamadour | 1996 | Midi-Pyrénées | Goat | PDO |
Roquefort | 1925 | Midi-Pyrénées | Sheep | PDO |
Sainte-Maure de Touraine | 1990 | Centre-Val de Loire | Goat | PDO |
Saint-Marcellin | 2010 | PGI | ||
Saint-Nectaire | 1955 | Auvergne | Cow | PDO |
Saint-Félicien | n/a | Rhône-Alpes | Cow | LR |
Salers | 1979 | Auvergne | Cow | PDO |
Selles-sur-Cher | 1975 | Centre-Val de Loire | Goat | PDO |
Soumaintrain | 2014 | PGI | ||
2002 | Savoie | Cow | PDO | |
Tome fraîche | n/a | Auvergne and Aubrac | Cow | AOC |
Tomme de Savoie | n/a | Savoie | Cow | PGI |
Tomme des Pyrénées | n/a | Midi-Pyrénées | Cow | PGI |
Trou du Cru | n/a | Burgundy, Côte-d'Or Department | Cow | AOC |
Valençay | 1998 | Centre-Val de Loire | Goat | PDO |
Other cheeses[]
- Abbaye de Belloc
- Abbaye de Tamié
- Abbaye de Timadeuc Cheese
- Babybel
- Baguette laonnaise
- Bleu de Bresse
- Boulette d'Avesnes
- Boursin cheese
- Brie Noir (Black Brie)
- Brillat-Savarin
- Bucheron
- Cabécou
- Cancoillotte
- Canut
- Carré de l'Est
- Cathare
- Chaource
- Chaubier
- Chaumes
- Coulommiers
- Coutances
- Délice de Bourgogne
- Édel de Cléron
- Explorateur
- Faisselle
- Ficello
- Fromage blanc
- Fromage frais
- Fromager d'Affinois
- Gaperon
- La Vache qui Rit
- Metton
- Mont des Cats
- Olivet cendré
- Pavin
- Perail
- Port Salut
- Raclette
- Rochebarron
- Saint Albray
- Saint-André
- Saint-Paulin
- Vieux-Boulogne
See also[]
Notes[]
- ^ Les Mots du Général, Ernest Mignon (1962))
- ^ a b "Quelles sont les grandes familles de fromages ? - Module fromage - Sommaire - Tout savoir sur le fromage - Fromages et Nutrition - Institut Fromages & Santé". Institut-fromages-et-sante.com. 2009-02-25. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
- ^ "L'Appellation d'origine protégée; L'Appellation d'origine contrôlée" (PDF). INAO (in French).
- ^ Masui, T.; Tomoko, Y.; Hodgson, R.; Robuchon, J. (2004). French Cheeses. DK. ISBN 1-4053-0666-1.
- ^ Barthélemy, Roland; Sperat-Czar, Arnaud (2004). Cheeses of the world. Hachette Illustrated (London). ISBN 1-84430-115-X.
- ^ "Gruyère". European Union. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cheese from France. |
- Intellectual property law
- Geographical indications
- French cheeses
- Lists of cheeses
- French cuisine-related lists
- Cheeses with designation of origin protected in the European Union