List of beaches in Indonesia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kuta Beach in Bali.

Beaches in Indonesia are extensive, characterized by coral reefs, deposits from volcanoes, rich marine biodiversity, strong ocean currents, and associated with diverse cultural traditions. With around 17,500 islands,[1] Indonesia has an intricate coastline of over 80,000 km,[2] the fourth longest in the world.

Indonesia is located in a region of abundant coral reefs known as the Coral Triangle[3] as well as being the country with the most volcanoes in the world.[4] Some beaches are derived from fluvial sands and gravels, others from cliff erosion. Coral reefs form white or yellow sanded beaches, while beach sediments derived from volcanic rocks are typically black or grey, such as those of northern Bali and southern Java. In the granitic zone of the Riau, Bangka and Belitung Islands, white quartz sands as well as granite boulders dominate. Sandy backshores are colonized by coastal vegetation, notably Ipomoea pes-caprae and , then coconut and casuarina trees. Coastal dunes are poorly developed in the humid tropics, but on the southern shores of Java and Sumatra, prograded beaches are backed by dunes, some of which carry woodland vegetation. Large deposits of lava and ash from volcanic eruptions may transport large quantities of pyroclastic sediment down to the coast, such as at Mount Merapi in southern Java and Mount Agung in Bali.[2] The area within the Coral Triangle is associated with rich marine biodiversity.[5] Beaches in the area, such as those that are important turtle nesting beaches, are protected by the government.[6]

Wave action in Indonesian waters is largely generated by local winds, gentle in the equatorial zone but stronger on the northern and southern coasts subject to northeast and southeast trade winds, respectively. Ocean swell moves into the southern coast from the Indian Ocean and to the northern coast from the southwest Pacific, are creating particularly large waves in this area.[2]

Some beaches are considered sacred and ritual processions are held on these. Sea temples are erected on the coasts of Bali, Lombok, and Java to appease the god or goddess of the Sea.[7][8] Some beaches on the southern coast of Java are considered sacred because of their association with the figure of Nyai Roro Kidul, Queen of the Southern Sea. In accordance with Javanese beliefs, people are warned not to wear green clothes on these beaches because the color is sacred to her and wearing it may offend her and cause the person to drown into the sea.[8][9][10] Rituals are enacted on beaches such as Parangtritis, Pangandaran, Karang Bolong Beach, , , and Banyuwangi.[8][10]

Below is a list of notable Indonesian beaches. The list is sorted by provinces roughly west to east, north to south; and then alphabetically by the name of the beach, ignoring the words "beach" or "pantai" (Indonesian "beach"). To avoid mistranslation, the names of the beaches are listed by translating the word pantai into "beach". Translation of other words, such as Tanjung (Indonesian for "cape") or Pasir Putih (Indonesian for "white sand"), are ignored.

Aceh[]

Lhôk Mata Ië Beach
Lhôk Mè Beach
Lampuuk Beach
Lhok Nga Beach

The most notable beaches for tourism in Aceh are located to the northern tip of the province, near the archipelago of Sabang, the capital city of Banda Aceh and the northern regency of Aceh Besar.[11] Normally formed in a bay area, many beaches contains the word Lhok, Acehnese for "bay". Owing to their strategic location during World War II, some of the northern beaches contain bunkers and concrete pillboxes constructed by the Japanese troops.[12]

The western coastal areas of Aceh were among the areas hardest hit by the 2004 tsunami. Many of the pristine beaches and coral reefs were devastated.[13] The area was slowly rebuilt after the disaster and tourism is slowly returning to normal.[14]

Weh Island[]

Weh Island is a volcanic island known for its underwater fumaroles which can be accessed by diving.[15] There are many beaches in this island:

  • Gapang Beach. The beach contains the highest variation of accommodation in the Weh Island.[16] The sea of Gapang Beach contains underwater fumaroles called Hydrothermal Point and is suitable for diving[15]
  • Iboih Beach. A few meters from Iboih is the Rubiah islet that is known for its coral reefs and the beach is popular for diving.[17]
  • Kasih Beach[18]
  • Paradiso Beach[18]
  • Sumur Tiga Beach[18]

Aceh Besar Regency[]

There are many beautiful beaches in Aceh Besar Regency:

  • Lampu'uk Beach, Lhoknga subdistrict. The beach was devastated by the 2004 Tsunami. The beach has been restored and tourists are returning to the beach.[14]
  • Lhoknga Beach, Lhoknga subdistrict. The beach and the neighboring town of Lhoknga was completely wiped out by the 2004 tsunami. The beach has been restored and tourists are returning to the beach.[14]
  • Lhok Me Beach in subdistrict.
  • Hidden beaches of Ujông Pancu:
    • Lhôk Mata Ië Beach
    • Lhôk Keutapang Cut Beach
    • Lhôk Keutapang Rayek Beach
    • Ië Rah Beach
    • Langè Beach
  • Ujong Batee Beach. The beach is known for the concrete pillboxes constructed by the Japanese during the World War II.[12]

Lhokseumawe[]

Located in the northern side of Sumatra, the insular city of Lhokseumawe (part of the North Aceh Regency until its separation in 2001 to form an independent city) contains beaches that is known for its calm water.

North Sumatra[]

Notable beaches of North Sumatra province are on the island of Nias and are surfing destinations.[9] Despite the long history of surfing in Nias, international surfing in has slowed down in part due to the 2004 tsunami and following earthquakes.[21] The situation is slowly changing, however.[22]

Riau Islands[]

Riau Islands Province being insular in character, contains many beaches. The most notable of these are located in Bintan Island, the largest island in the province. Bintan Resorts contains beach-front International hotels and resorts. Many of the resorts are Singaporean owned and the island is marketed to Singaporeans for whom Bintan is a short ferry trip away. Currently, Indonesian government is promoting Bintan as the next best tourist destination after Bali.[23]

West Sumatra[]

The ritual of Tabuik in Gandoriah Beach.

The beaches of West Sumatra are located on the western coast of the province.[11]

Bangka-Belitung Islands[]

Parai Tenggiri Beach of Bangka Island.

Bangka-Belitung Islands are known for their white sanded beaches with clear blue water and granite boulders. Granite boulders and white sand quartz that dominate the beaches are associated with the late Paleozoic-early Triassic Era's Granite Belt formation on the western side of Indonesia.[2][33]

Bengkulu[]

The beaches of Bengkulu are located on the Indian Ocean western coast of the province.[11]

South Sumatra[]

The northern coastline of South Sumatra is mostly covered in mangrove forests with rare well-formed beaches. The water carry large sandy deposits, forming a deltaic plains in the river mouth. Most cities or towns are located to the south of the province.[11]

Lampung[]

The beaches of Lampung are located to the east, west, and south of the province.[11] The beaches of the southeast coast in the Sunda Strait were affected by the historical volcano blast of Krakatau in 1883.[2]

  • Bagus Beach, South Lampung[39]
  • Merak Belantung Beach, South Lampung[39]
  • Mutun Beach, Lempasing[11]
  • Sapenan Beach, South Lampung[39]
  • Terbaya Beach, Kota Agung. Hindu people performs the Melasti ritual on Terbaya beach.[11]

Banten[]

Large block of coral washed by the tsunami to the beach of Anyer after the Krakatau explosion in 1883.

Notable beaches of Banten are located on the western coast of the province.[11] The coast between Anyer and is mainly formed by an emerged fringing coral reef.[2] Coral boulders are widespread along the shore, swept in from fringing coral reefs by the 1883 tsunami and deposited on the shore platform and the coastal plain.[2] Monuments are erected on several beach to commemorate the victim of the tsunami.[40]

West Java[]

Samudra Beach Hotel and the Cimaja Beach. Samudra Beach Hotel is a historic hotel with one of its room reserved for Nyai Roro Kidul, queen of the southern sea.

The province of West Java contains beaches on both its northern coast and southern coast. The beaches of the northern coast are known for its calm water due to the low wave-energy of the Java Sea.[2] The more notable beaches on the southern coast are known for the big waves and famous for surfing.[9] Some beaches on the southern coast are considered sacred due to their association with Nyai Roro Kidul.[8] The Javanese beliefs warn people not to wear green clothes on these beaches because the color is sacred and wearing one may offend her and cause the person to drown into the sea.[8][9]

The Samudra Beach Hotel, one of the first resort of Indonesia in Pelabuhan Ratu Beach, keeps one of its room, room 308, furnished with green colors as part of the sacred reservation for Nyai Roro Kidul, a sacred figure believed to be the ruler of the Southern Sea.[8][43]

  • Batu Hiu Beach. Batu Hiu translates as "shark rock", it is called so because of a nearby rock formation shaped like a shark's fin.[44]
  • Batu Karas Beach, [11]
  • Cijayana Beach, Garut[45]
  • Cimaja Beach, Pelabuhan Ratu Subdistrict, Sukabumi.
  • Karang Hawu Beach, Sukabumi Regency. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul; the place where Nyai Roro Kidul leapt into the ocean to regain her lost beauty and never returned.[46] A shrine was built on top of the cliff.[46]
  • Karang Paranje Beach, Garut[45]
  • Pangandaran Beach, Pangandaran. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.[11]
  • Pelabuhan Ratu Beach, Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.[11]
  • Rancabuaya Beach, Garut[45][47]
  • Santolo Beach, Garut[45]
  • Ujung Genteng Beach, Sukabumi Regency[48]

Jakarta Special Capital Region[]

Festival Beach in North Jakarta.

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, has a beach on its northern coast in Jakarta Bay. The water of Jakarta Bay is relatively polluted, the result of the poor living condition of the majority of people living along the bay, as well as nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff, industrial pollution, and waste water.[49][50]

The more pristine beaches of Jakarta are located in Thousand Islands, the only regency of Jakarta Special Capital Region. Being located further away from Java island, the islands' beach are less effected by pollution coming from the Jakarta Bay. Being a coral island, the beaches of Thousand Islands are white-sanded.[11]

See also: Thousand Islands (Indonesia)

Central Java[]

A giant marine turtle sculpture in Kartini Beach, Jepara.
Karang Bolong Beach, Cilacap

The beaches of Central Java are located both on the northern and southern coast.[11] Many of the notable beaches are located to the northern coast, known for the relatively calm water of the Java Sea[2]

Yogyakarta (special region)[]

Baron Beach with a limestone cliff in the background.

Beaches in Yogyakarta are located on the southern coast.[11] In Gunung Kidul Regency, the beaches are known for its karst formation, forming hills and limestone caves near the beach.[58]

Other notable beaches are the ones around Parangtritis: Parangtritis Beach and Parangkusumo Beach. The sacred Parangkusumo beach is considered as the place where Panembahan Senopati sought the support of the goddess of the Southern Ocean, Nyai Roro Kidul, Queen of the Southern Sea. A procession of the labuhan alit (giving an offering by throwing out certain things to the sea) is done annually on the beach.[8][59] These beaches are also known for the coastal sand dune formations.[60]

East Java[]

A temple at Balekambang Beach.

Both the north and south coasts of East Java contain beaches. As with the other provinces of Java, the southern beaches are known for their large waves while the northern beaches are known for their calm waters. Several beaches on the southern coast are considered sacred due to their association with Nyai Roro Kidul.[8]

  • , Malang[11]
  • G-Land or Plengkung Beach, Alas Purwo National Park[11]
  • Goa China Beach, Bantengan Village, Malang. The beach is known for its large rocky outcrops and white sand beach.[11]
  • Klayar Beach, Pacitan[11]
  • Ngliyep Beach, Malang. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.[8]
  • , Jember. The beach is one of the sacred beaches of Nyai Roro Kidul.[8] Puger Beach is known as a surfing spot and the beach also contains extensive sand dunes which reach the height up to 20 meters.[72]
  • Sendang Biru Beach, Malang[11]
  • , Meru Betiri National Park. A turtle conservation area was established on the beach in 1972, older than the National Park itself.[11]
  • Tamban Beach, Malang, www.tambanindah.tk [11]
  • Watu Karung Beach, Pacitan[11]
  • Wedi Ireng Beach, Pancer, Banyuwangi.

Bali[]

A Balinese funeral procession on a beach.
Kuta main street along the beach of Kuta.
Sanur Beach, southeastern coast of Bali.

Bali is surrounded with beaches and coral reefs. Most of the beaches are variation of tan or grey sanded beaches, while the white sand beaches are not that common. Surf conditions range from limp to torrid, depending on whether there is an offshore reef.[73]

The beach of Bali plays an important part in the Balinese Hindu ritual. Before the day of Nyepi, Hindu worshipers have to perform the Melasti Ritual, which should be enacted in a Balinese temple that is located near the sea (Pura Segara or "Sea Temple"). This is done to purify the sacred objects belonging to several temples, as well as to acquire the sacred water from the sea.[74]

  • Amed Beach, Karangasem. Amed Beach is a black sand beach lined with traditional outrigger fishing boats. The beach is known for it marine sea life and is a snorkeling spot.[75]
  • Beaches of Nusa Lembongan[11][76]
    • Mushroom Bay Beach[76]
  • Beaches of Nusa Dua. Nusa Dua is home to some of the most exclusive resorts in Bali.[11][77]
  • Beaches of Nusa Penida[79]
  • Beaches of Pecatu. The resort area contains beaches surrounded with cliffs. The beaches are popular surfing spot.[78]
    • Bingin Beach[78]
    • Balangan Beach[78]
    • Crystal Bay Beach. The water is best known for the sightings of Mola mola[80]
    • Impossible Beach[78]
    • Padang Padang Beach[78]
    • Pandawa Beach
    • Suluban Beach[78]
  • Candidasa Beach, Karangasem[81]
  • Canggu Beach, Canggu[82]
  • Dreamland Beach.[83]
  • Kuta Beach, Kuta. Kuta beach is the most popular beach. Originally a surfing destination Kuta Beach is nowadays Bali's party beach and is packed with hotels, restaurants, bars and night clubs. The district is known as the location of the 2002 Bali bombings.[11]
  • Jimbaran Beach, Jimbaran. The beach is populated by many luxurious resorts.[11]
  • Legian Beach[11]
  • Lovina Beach, Lovina. Lovina contains black sand beaches, and is also known for dolphin spotting.[84]
  • Padang Bai Beach.[81]
  • Sanur Beach, Sanur. The historic beach is known for its old time flavor and local feeling.[11]
  • Seminyak Beach[11]

West Nusa Tenggara[]

Gili Meno Beach, Gili Islands, probably the most popular beach in Lombok

The beaches of the islands in the West Nusa Tenggara is less promoted than the neighboring island of Bali. Being surrounded by coral reefs, the white sand beach of the islands are the most notable.[85]

The second largest island of West Nusa Tenggara, Lombok, as well as the closest island to Bali, is gaining more popularity for the western tourists who are looking for a remote island experience.[85]

The largest island of West Nusa Tenggara, the island of Sumbawa, is less promoted and less developed than Lombok, although some of the beaches have become a popular spot for surf culture.[85]

East Nusa Tenggara[]

Kanawa Island at the borders of the Komodo Island.

East Nusa Tenggara is the southernmost province of Indonesia. The province consists of many small islands, often divided by deep oceanic trenches. The island's southern coast is affected by the swell of the Indian Ocean and produces large waves popular with surfers.[2]

The relatively isolated position of these islands of the southern part of the Lesser Sunda Islands means that the evolution of life is localized. The most famous of the islands is the Komodo Island, the only island where the Komodo dragon can be found. Climate on this part of Indonesia is the driest climate in Indonesia. This combination of effects create a rare form of beaches in Indonesia: a relatively dry beach surrounded with endemic plants or dry cliffs.[2][90]

  • Beaches of Flores:
  • Beaches of [92]
  • Beaches of Komodo Island[90]
  • Beaches of Sumba:
    • Etreat Beach[94]
    • Marosi Beach[94]
    • Nihiwatu Beach. The world class surf spot known as Occy's Left featured in the film The Green Iguana is located on this beach.[94] It is also a private beach that is owned by Nihi Sumba Resort. There are only 10 "surf slots" per day for Occy's Left which cost US$100 per surfer.[95]
    • Tarikaha Beach[94]
    • Wanokaka Beach[94]
  • Lasiana Beach, Kupang[96]

West Kalimantan[]

Notable beaches of West Kalimantan are located to the south of province, usually in the regencies of Bengkayang, Sambas, and Ketapang Regency.[11]

Central Kalimantan[]

Beaches of Central Kalimantan is located to the south of the province.[11]

South Kalimantan[]

East Kalimantan[]

Manggar Beach near Balikpapan.

Gorontalo[]

Saronde island
  • Saronde Island. This is one of the most beautiful white sand beach in Indonesia. Can be reach in 40 minutes from Gorontalo Airport. Many International Cruiser and yacht visit this Island frequently every year.
  • Lahilote Beach, Gorontalo. This brown sand beach has a clear calm water and contains a natural landmark which is a rock formed like the palm of a foot. The rock is said to be the footprint of Lahilote, a figure in local folklore.[112]

North Sulawesi[]

The black sand beach of Batuputih with Tangkoko Nature Reserve in the background.

The beaches of North Sulawesi are known for their high level of biodiversity due to their location within the Coral Triangle, making them a popular destination for snorkeling and diving.[3]

Central Sulawesi[]

Some of the most notable beaches of Central Sulawesi are the beach resorts of Togian Islands, with their characteristic coral reefs and white sanded beaches. Togian is known as the only place in Indonesia with three major reef environments; atoll, barrier, and fringing reefs.[114]

Southeast Sulawesi[]

The beaches of Southeast Sulawesi are well known for marine biodiversity and are notable spot for scuba diving.[3]

South Sulawesi[]

The beach of Tanjung Bira

The beaches of South Sulawesi are well known for its marine biodiversity and are noted for its scuba diving.[119]

  • Losari Beach, Makassar[120]
  • Beaches of Selayar Islands. The island is known for its white sand and clear water.[121]
  • Tanjung Bira Beach, Bulukumba Regency. Tanjung Bira (English "Cape of Bira") contains three beaches: Pantai Bira, Pantai Timur, and Pantai Barat.[11]

North Maluku[]

Being insular in character, beaches are extensive in North Maluku. The beaches are well known for their white sand and calm blue water. The largest island of Maluku, Halmahera, has a yet unexploited potential for diving and beach tourism. Relic of World War II can be found in the white-sand beach of where locals still look for discarded WWII machine guns, shell casings, and other valuable scrap.[122]

Maluku[]

The more notables beaches of Maluku are well known for their white sand and clear water.[122]

West Papua[]

One of the notable beaches of West Papua is the beach around Raja Ampat Islands. The sea around Raja Ampat contains the highest recorded marine life diversity on Earth.[129]

Papua[]

The southern beaches of Biak were used as landing sites by the United States Army during the Battle of Biak.

The northern coast of Papua is exposed to the Pacific Ocean. There are bordering beaches of sand and gravel, supplied mainly from rivers. Coral reefs are extensive in the northern coast. The southern coast of Papua is mainly covered in extensive swamps and beach formations are limited.[2]

  • Amai Beach, Jayapura[130]
  • Amban Beach, Amban[131]
  • Base-G Beach, Jayapura[130]
  • Beaches of Biak Island. During World War II, the beach in Biak Island was the site of the Battle of Biak, which was the first major tactical use of an ambush by the Japanese during the war.[132]
    • Bosnik Beach[133]
    • Korem Beach. The beach was destroyed by an earthquake and tsunami in 1996; the beach and the surrounding village has been rebuilt.[133][134]
    • Marau Beach[134]
    • Parai Beach. The beach contains a World War II Monument built by the Japanese government.[133]
    • Warsa Beach[134]
  • Hamadi Beach, Jayapura. The beach is the site of a US amphibious landing on April 22, 1944.[130] The beach contains a number of World War II wrecks and a World War II monument.[130]
  • Holtekamp Beach, Jayapura[135]
  • Ketuapi Beach, Yapen[136]
  • Mariadei Beach, Yapen[136]
  • Tanjung Ria Beach, Jayapura[130]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Information on Indonesia. ASEM Development conference II: Towards an Asia-Europe partnership for sustainable development. 26–27 May 2010, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. ec.europa.eu
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Bird, Eric (2010). Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms. 1. Springer Reference. p. 1158. ISBN 9781402086380. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Veron, J.E.N. (1995). Corals in space and time: biogeography and evolution of the Scleractinia. xiii. Sydney, Australia: UNSW Press. p. 321.
  4. ^ Williams, Stanley (2012). "General Facts About Volcanoes". Scholastic Inc. Scholastic Inc. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  5. ^ Allen, G. R. (2007). Conservation hotspots of biodiversity and endemism for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine Freshwater Ecosystem. doi:10.1002/aqc.880.
  6. ^ Freund, Jurgen (2012). "Coral Triangle Overview". World Wildlife Fund. WWF.org. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  7. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2009). Bali & Lombok 12. Lonely Planet. p. 28. ISBN 9781741048643. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Robson, Stuart (2007). The Kraton, KITLV Press 2003. Leiden, the Netherlands. ISBN 978-90-6718-131-0.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lueras, Lorca (2002). Action Guide: Surfing Indonesia: サーフィンポイントガイド(インドネシア). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9789625938530. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b Dr. C.W. Wormser. Het Hooge Heiligdom - Legend of Borobudur. Deventer / Bandung: W. Van Hoeve, N.V. Maatschappij Vorkink. p. 114.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be Peta Resmi Jalur Lebaran 2012 (August 13, 2012). "Rute Mudik Lebaran 2012". KOMPAS (in Indonesian).
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Oey, Eric (1991). SUMATRA. Periplus Editions. pp. 144–145.
  13. ^ For details of the impact of the tsunami in Aceh, see Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley in collaboration with Bhanupong Nidhiprabha, Budy P. Resosudarmo and Dushni Weerakoon, The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster, Cheltenham UK and Northampton MA USA: Edward Elgar and Asian Development Bank Institute, 2010.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. Lonely Planet. pp. 412–413. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "Pesona surga nan indah di ujung barat Indonesia" [Beautiful heavenly charm on the western tip of Indonesia] (in Indonesian). April 11, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  16. ^ Lonely Planet-Indonesia. Lonely Planet. 2010. p. 411. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  17. ^ "Pulau Weh". Asia Dive Site. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. Lonely Planet. p. 411. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b http://pesonapariwisataindonesia.blogspot.com/2011/03/pesona-wisata-kota-lhokseumawe.html Pesona Wisata Kota Lhokseumawe
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Pantai". Ensiklopedi Indonesia Seri Geografi. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru. 1990.
  21. ^ Rachel Rinaldo (February 15, 2004). "Strange Day in Nias". Boots n' All Travel. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  22. ^ ""All Time Nias" Surfing at Sorake Bay and Lagundri Beach". Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. Indonesia Travel. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  23. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. Lonely Planet. pp. 455–456. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  24. ^ azf (22 August 2012). "Pantai Arta Pariaman Ramai Pengunjung di Hari Raya Idul Fitri". Riau Pos (in Indonesian). Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8.
  26. ^ "Pantai Carocok". Pemerintah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan (in Indonesian). Pesisirselatan.go.id. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
  27. ^ mg6/padek/rpg (26 March 2012). "Pantai Caroline Telan Korban". Riau Pos (in Indonesian). Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  28. ^ Sjafnir Abu Nain (2006). Sirih pinang adat Minangkabau: pengetahuan adat Minangkabau tematis. Sentra Budaya. p. 203. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  29. ^ Mas'oed Abidin (2005). Ensiklopedi Minangkabau. Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau. p. 400. ISBN 9789793797236. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  30. ^ "Tabuik, A Culture Ceremony From West Sumatra". The Amazing Indonesia. The Amazing Indonesia. November 21, 2012. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  31. ^ Febrianti (September 4, 2012). "Tabuik, Shiites Legacy without Shia Teachings". Tempo Interaktif. Tempo. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  32. ^ @rkhi (November 25, 2012). "Tabuik Dibuang, Ombak Pantai Gandoriah "Mengganas"". Sumbar Online (in Indonesian). Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  33. ^ Voice of Nature. 85–95. Yayasan Indonesia Hijau. 1990. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e http://bangkanews.heck.in/daftar-nama-nama-pariwisata-pantai-di-pu.xhtml
  35. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 469. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Pantai Penyusuk". Indonesia Tourism (in Indonesian). DINAS KEBUDAYAAN DAN PARIWISATA PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  37. ^ "LENGKUAS ISLAND". Atlas Obscurfa. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 446. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Merak Belantung, Wisata Andalan Lampung Selatan". Lampung Post (in Indonesian). Wisata Melayu. May 25, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  40. ^ Winchester, Simon (2003). Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded, August 27, 1883. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-621285-5.
  41. ^ Ratino, Tri Maya Yulianingsih (2010). Pantai Sawarna (in Indonesian). Niaga Swadaya. p. 144. ISBN 9789797881665. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
  42. ^ Ratino, Tri Maya Yulianingsih (2010). Pantai Sawarna (in Indonesian). Niaga Swadaya. p. 146. ISBN 9789797881665. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
  43. ^ Döhne, Roy James. "Room 308 A room for the Javanese goddess of The South Sea". Website Roy James. Retrieved July 5, 2007.
  44. ^ "Pantai Batu Hiu". Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat (in Indonesian). Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat. 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Pariwisata Garut". Kabupaten Garut (in Indonesian). Garutkab.go.id. 2005. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b c Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia 8th Edition. Lonely Planet. p. 135. ISBN 9781741044355.
  47. ^ Badan Koordinasi Tata Ruang Nasional (1999). Profil 111 kawasan andalan Indonesia (in Indonesian). 1. Badan Koordinasi Tata Ruang Nasional. p. 82.
  48. ^ Afif Farhan (July 27, 2012). "Ujung Genteng, Tempat Sempurna untuk Akhir Pekan Anda". Detik Travel. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  49. ^ Sancia E.T. van der Meij; et al. (2009). "Decline of the Jakarta Bay molluscan fauna linked to human impact". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 59 (4–7): 101–107. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.02.021. PMID 19342065.
  50. ^ Sancia E.T. van der Meij; et al. (September 2010). "Long-term changes in coral assemblages under natural and anthropogenic stress in Jakarta Bay (1920–2005". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 60 (9): 1442–144. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.011. PMID 20615515.
  51. ^ Rosyid Hariyadi (2002). Wisata mudik Nusantara: Lebaran, Natal & Tahun Baru. Forumtek Indomitra. p. 54.
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. pp. 217–219. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8.
  53. ^ Budi Santoso (2004). Strategi pengembangan sektor pariwisata: perspektif manajemen strategik sektor publik (in Indonesian). YPAPI. pp. 5, 47, 112. ISBN 9789793564180. Retrieved 2014-06-23.
  54. ^ "PANTAI MARINA SEMARANG". Gamma. Garda Media Mandiri. 2 (33–40). 2000.
  55. ^ Jump up to: a b Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia 8th Edition. Lonely Planet. p. 163. ISBN 9781741044355.
  56. ^ "Pantai Purwahamba Indah". Dinas Pariwisata & Kebudayaan Kab. Tegal. Dinas Pariwisata & Kebudayaan Kab. Tegal. 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  57. ^ Rosyid Hariyadi (2002). Wisata mudik Nusantara: Lebaran, Natal & Tahun Baru. Forumtek Indomitra. p. 56.
  58. ^ Dunham, Ann (2009). Surviving Against the Odds: Village Industry in Indonesia. Duke University Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780822346876.
  59. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2007). "Parangkusumo Beach". YogYES.com. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  60. ^ Rovicky (2008). Gumuk Pasir (Sand Dune), Morfologi Hasil Ukiran Angin (in Indonesian).
  61. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Nur Said (2002). Jogja never ending Asia: menggelar potensi Jogja. Bagassindo Media Persada. p. 29. ISBN 9789799680006. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  62. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2007). "CONGOT BEACH - the Nuance of fishermen". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  63. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2007). "DEPOK BEACH - Enjoy Seafood Cuisine from Fresh Fish". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  64. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2007). "GLAGAH BEACH - from Lagoon Scenery to Agro Tourism". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  65. ^ "Indrayanti Beach - a clean beach with cafe and restaurants". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  66. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2006). "Ngobaran Beach - From Temple to Fried Sea Urchin". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  67. ^ "Pok Tunggal Beach - A Hidden Sanctuary with Beautiful Scenery". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  68. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2006). "SADENG BEACH - Visiting the Estuary of the Ancient Bengawan Solo River". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  69. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2006). "Sepanjang Beach - the old Kuta beach". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  70. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo. "SIUNG BEACH - Having 250 Routes for Cliff Climbing". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  71. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2007). "TRISIK BEACH - Enjoying the Nuance of a Coastal Village". YogYES. YogYES. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  72. ^ Martínez, M.L. (2004). Coastal Dunes: Ecology and Conservation. 171. Springer. ISBN 9783540408291.
  73. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2009). Bali & Lombok. 12. Lonely Planet. p. 20. ISBN 9781741048643.
  74. ^ Thomasson-Croll, Mary Justice (2010). Frommer's Bali & Lombok. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470497760. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  75. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia. 9. Lonely Planet. pp. 339–341. ISBN 9781741048308.
  76. ^ Jump up to: a b LiuLiu, Jen (2012). Frommer's Bali and Lombok. John Wiley & Sons. p. 122. ISBN 9781118236918.
  77. ^ "Bali: Beach breaks, jungle treks and wildlife watching". Independent.co.uk. 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  78. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia. 9. Lonely Planet. pp. 290–293. ISBN 9781741048643.
  79. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia. 10. Lonely Planet. pp. 301–305. ISBN 9781741048308.
  80. ^ LiuLiu, Jen (2012). Frommer's Bali and Lombok. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 130–131. ISBN 9781118236918.
  81. ^ Jump up to: a b van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia. 10. Lonely Planet. pp. 331–335. ISBN 9781741048308.
  82. ^ LiuLiu, Jen (2012). Frommer's Bali and Lombok. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 96–99. ISBN 9781118236918.
  83. ^ The Indonesian island paradise intoxicates visitors with its vivid spirit, bright colors and stunning scenery.Fort Worth Star-Telegram. January 27, 2002.
  84. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia. 10. Lonely Planet. pp. 358–360. ISBN 9781741048308.
  85. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia 9. Lonely Planet. pp. 488–491. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  86. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia 9. Lonely Planet. p. 589. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  87. ^ LiuLiu, Jen (2012). Frommer's Bali and Lombok. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 308–309. ISBN 9781118236918.
  88. ^ Jump up to: a b van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia 9. Lonely Planet. p. 523. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  89. ^ Jump up to: a b c van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia 9. Lonely Planet. p. 518. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 475. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  91. ^ Google (December 10, 2012). "List of beaches in Indonesia" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  92. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  93. ^ Google (December 10, 2012). "List of beaches in Indonesia" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  94. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. pp. 587–589. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  95. ^ Once in a Lifetime Journey (10 September 2017). "Nihi Sumba Hotel Review, the Best Hotel in the World".
  96. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 570. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  97. ^ Google (December 10, 2012). "List of beaches in Indonesia" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  98. ^ Ensiklopedi nasional Indonesia (in Indonesian). 14. Cipta Adi Pusaka. 1990. p. 368. ISBN 9789798265112. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  99. ^ "Pontianak Regency Highlights". Dinas Budaya dan Pariwisata Kalimantan Barat. Dinas Budaya dan Pariwisata Kalimantan Barat. 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  100. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia 9. Lonely Planet. p. 607. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  101. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Indonesia 9. Lonely Planet. p. 767. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  102. ^ "Pantai Selimpai". Dinas Budaya dan Pariwisata Kalimantan Barat (in Indonesian). Dinas Budaya dan Pariwisata Kalimantan Barat. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  103. ^ KiA (November 7, 2011). "Tanjung Belandang Jangan Sampai Seperti Pantai Sungai Jawi". Equator News (in Indonesian). Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  104. ^ Andy Candra (February 20, 2012). "Sirkuit Pantai Tanjung Batu Bertaraf Nasional Siap gelar Event Grasstrack". Humas Ketapang. Humas Ketapang. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  105. ^ "Wisata Indonesia - Kalimantan Tengah". Wisatanesia (in Indonesian). wisatanesia. 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  106. ^ Google (December 10, 2012). "List of beaches in Indonesia" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  107. ^ Investment opportunities in fisheries and marine sectors in Indonesia, Volume 1. 1. Dept. of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia. 2003. ISBN 9789799692719.
  108. ^ Google (December 10, 2012). "List of beaches in Indonesia" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  109. ^ "Hari Terakhir Liburan, Batu Lamampu Masih Diserbu". Tribun Kaltim (in Indonesian). August 22, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  110. ^ Rowthorn, Chris (2008). Lonely Planet Borneo 1st Edition. Lonely Planet. p. 267. ISBN 9781740591058. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  111. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ambar Susulorukmi; L. Sriwuryandari (2006). "Oil Derivatives in Water Bodies and Sediments of East Kalimantan". Teknologi Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. 29 (1): 4–6.
  112. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 794. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8.
  113. ^ Pickell, David (1999). Diving Indonesia: a guide to world's greatest diving. Periplus. p. 296. ISBN 9789625933146. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  114. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. 9. Lonely Planet. p. 697. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  115. ^ Reny Sri Ayu Taslim (August 16, 2008). "Menikmati Matahari Terbenam di Lalos". KOMPAS. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  116. ^ Jump up to: a b c Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 690. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  117. ^ Jump up to: a b "Number of Attractions by District in Parigi Moutong Regency, 2011". Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  118. ^ Jump up to: a b Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia 8th Edition. Lonely Planet. p. 714. ISBN 9781741044355.
  119. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. 9. Lonely Planet. p. 668. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  120. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. pp. 660–664. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  121. ^ Jump up to: a b Hajramurni, Andi (3 January 2012). "Discovering enchanting Selayar, South Sulawesi". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  122. ^ Jump up to: a b c van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. 9. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741048308. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  123. ^ Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia 8th Edition. Lonely Planet. p. 786. ISBN 9781741044355.
  124. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia 8th Edition. Lonely Planet. pp. 775–778. ISBN 9781741044355.
  125. ^ Jump up to: a b c Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. pp. 745–750. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  126. ^ Gagas Ulung (2011). Extremely Beautiful Maluku. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 9789792268089.
  127. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 727. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  128. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. pp. 755–756. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  129. ^ David Doubilet (September 2007). "Ultra Marine: In far eastern Indonesia, the Raja Ampat islands embrace a phenomenal coral wilderness". National Geographic. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  130. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia 8th Edition. Lonely Planet. p. 835. ISBN 9781741044355.
  131. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 786. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  132. ^ Robert Ross Smith (1996). "Chapter XIV - Frustration at Mokmer Drome". Center of Military History, United States Army. ibiblio.org. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  133. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wahyuana (July 28, 2012). "Dari Gua Jepang hingga Monumen Perdamaian". TEMPO Travel. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  134. ^ Jump up to: a b c Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. p. 799. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  135. ^ Satake, Kenji (2007). Tsunami and Its Hazards in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Springer. p. 442. ISBN 9783764383640. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  136. ^ Jump up to: a b Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia 8th Edition. Lonely Planet. p. 814. ISBN 9781741044355.
Retrieved from ""