List of fossil species in the London Clay

A list of prehistoric and extant species whose fossils have been found in the London Clay, which underlies large areas of southeast England.

Plant fossils, especially seeds and fruits, are found in abundance and have been collected from the London Clay for almost 300 years.^[1] Some 350 named species of plant have been found, making the London Clay flora one of the world's most diverse for fossil seeds and fruits.^[2] The flora includes plant types found today in tropical forests of Asia and demonstrates the much warmer climate of the Eocene epoch, with plants such as Nypa (Nipah palms) and other palms being frequently encountered. The following plants list is incomplete and is based on the research by Marjorie Chandler.^[1] and research works done by the paleobotanist Steven R. Manchester^[3] and by professor of plant palaeobiology Margaret Collinson.^[4]

Plants[]

Pteridophytes[]

• Pteridaceae

• Acrostichum – mangrove fern
• Pteris sp. - brake
• Vittaria sp. – shoestring fern, similar to

• Cyatheaceae – scaly tree fern

• Cyathea sp. – similar to Cyathea delgadii

• Thyrsopteridaceae

• Thyrsopteris sp. – similar to Thyrsopteris elegans

• Osmundaceae

• Osmunda sp. – similar to Osmunda javanica

• Dryopteridaceae – wood fern, male fern

• Dryopteris sp.

• Athyriaceae

• Diplazium sp. - similar to

• Onocleaceae

• Onoclea sp. – similar to Onoclea sensibilis (the sensitive fern)

• Nephrolepidaceae – macho ferns

• Nephrolepis sp.

• Salviniaceae – water ferns

• Azolla

• Marsilea – water clover

• Marsilea sp. - similar to Marsilea quadrifolia

Lycopodiophytes[]

• Lycopodiaceae – clubmosses

• Lycopodium sp.
• Phylloglossum sp. – similar to Phylloglossum drummondii (pygmy clubmoss)

Gymnosperms[]

• Ginkgoaceae

• Ginkgo sp.

• Cycadaceae

• Cycas sp. - similar to Cycas schumanniana

• Zamiaceae

• Zamia sp. – similar to Zamia pumila

• Araucariaceae – monkey puzzle, bunya pine, and Norfolk pine

• Agathis sp. - similar to Agathis dammara
• †Araucarites spp.
• †Doliostrobus stenbergi - fossils in the past named †Araucarites are said to be of this genus, it is now placed in its own family, †Doliostrobaceae.

• Pinaceae

• Pinus spp.

• Taxaceae

• ?Taxaceae indet.
• †Cephalotaxus bowerbanki – plum yew
• Torreya sp.

• Cupressaceae

• †Callitris curta (Callitrites curta) – cypress pine
• † spp.
• Libocedrus adpressa
• †Quasisequoia sp.
• Sequoia couttsiae
• Widdringtonia sp. – African cypresses

• Podocarpaceae

• Afrocarpus sp. – similar to Afrocarpus falcatus (common yellowwood)
• ?
• Podocarpus sp. – similar to Podocarpus elatus (plum pine)
• Podocarpus sp. – similar to Podocarpus novae-caledoniae
• Podocarpus sp. – similar to Podocarpus nubigenus (Chilean podocarp, cloud podocarp)
• Prumnopitys sp. – similar to Prumnopitys andina (the Chilean plum yew)

Angiosperms[]

• Arecaceae – palms

• †Caryotispermum cantiense
• Corypha sp.
• Livistona minima
• Nypa burtini (syn. Nipa burtini)
• Oncosperma anglica
• †Palmospermum bracknellense
• †Palmospermum cooperi
• †Palmospermum davisi
• †Palmospermum elegans
• †Palmospermum jenkinsi
• †Palmospermum minutum
• †Palmospermum ornatum
• †Palmospermum ovale
• †Palmospermum subglobulare
• Sabal grandisperma
• Serenoa sp.
• ?Trachycarpus sp.

• Cyclanthaceae

• Cyclanthus lakensis

• Cyperaceae - sedges

• †Caricoidea obovata
• †Polycarpella caespitosa

• Posidoniaceae - seagrass family

• Posidonia parisiensis

• Nymphaeaceae – water lilies

• †Protobarclaya eocenica
• Victoria sp - similar to Victoria cruziana

• Magnoliaceae

• Liriodendron gardneri - tulip tree
• Magnolia angusta
• Magnolia crassa
• Magnolia davisi
• Magnolia lata
• Magnolia lobata
• Magnolia oblonga
• Magnolia pygmaea
• Magnolia rugosa
• Magnolia subquadrangularis
• Magnolia symmetrica

• Myristicaceae - nutmeg family

• †Myristicacarpum chandlerae

• Annonaceae - the custard apple family

• Alphonsea sp.
• †Anonaspermum anonijorme - related to the genera and Polyalthia, most similar species is Annona muricata
• †Anonaspermum cerebellatum - Uvaria, Melodorum and Orophea shows closest resemblance to the fossil
• †Anonaspermum commune
• †Anonaspermum complanatum - related to and Melodorum
• †Anonaspermum corrugatum - related to the genera Anonna and Melodorum
• †Anonaspermum minimum - related to Dasymaschalon clusiflorum
• †Anonaspermum obscurum
• †Anonaspermum ovale - related to the genera and Melodorum
• †Anonaspermum pulchrum - related to Dasymaschalon clusiflorum
• †Anonaspermum punctatum - related to the genera Bocagea, Orophea, Unonopsis, and Guatteria
• †Anonaspermum rotundatum - distantly related to Polyauhia
• †Anonaspermum rugosum
• †Anonaspermum subcompressum
• Asimina sp. - similar to Asimina reticulata
• Orophea sp.
• Polyalthia sp.
• Rollinia sp.
• Uvaria sp.

• Lauraceae – avocado and cinnamon family

• Beilschmiedia bognorensis
• Beilschmiedia eocenica
• Beilschmiedia gigantea
• Beilschmiedia oviformis
• Beilschmiedia pyriformis

• Cinnamomum grande
• Cinnamomum globulare
• Cinnamomum oblongum
• Cinnamomum ovoideum

• †Crowella globosa

• Endiandra spp.

• †Laurocalyx bowerbanki
• †Laurocalyx dubius
• †Laurocalyx fibrotorulosus
• †Laurocalyx globularis
• †Laurocalyx magnus

• †Laurocarpum crassum
• †Laurocarpum cupuliferum
• †Laurocarpum davisi
• †Laurocarpum inornatum
• †Laurocarpum minimum
• †Laurocarpum minutissimum
• †Laurocarpum ovoideum
• †Laurocarpum paradoxum
• †Laurocarpum proteum
• †Laurocarpum pyrocarpum
• †Laurocarpum sheppeyense

• Litsea pyriformis

• Ocotea sp.

• †Protoaltingia europaea

• †Protoravensara sheppeyensis

• Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family

• Aristolochia sp.

• Schisandraceae

• Illicium sp. - similar to Illicium floridanum

• Dilleniaceae

• Hibbertia bognorensis
• Tetracera? cantiensis
• Tetracera crofti
• Tetracera eocenica

• Platanaceae – sycamore or plane tree

• †Plataninium decipiens^[5]

• Proteaceae

• Dryandra acutiloba

• Fagaceae – beech, oak and chestnut family

• †Quercinium pasanioides

• Betulaceae – birch, alder and hornbeams

• Alnus richardsoni (syn. Petrophiloides richardsoni) – an alder

• Ticodendraceae

• †Ferrignocarpus bivalvis

• Myricaceae - wax-myrtle, bayberry family

• Myrica boveyana

• Juglandaceae – walnut, hickory and pecan family

• †Juglandicarya bognorensis
• †Juglandicarya cooperi
• †Juglandicarya depressa - the most common Juglandacarya species in the London Clay
• †Juglandicarya lubbocki
• †Juglandicarya minuta
• †Petrophiloides richardsoni - among the two most abundant Juglandaceae species in the London Clay
• †Pterocaryopsis bognorensis - related to the genus Pterocarya

• Trochodendraceae

• Trochodendron pauciseminum

• Haloragaceae

• †Haloragicarya sp.

• Sabiaceae

• †Bognoria venablesi
• Meliosma cantiensis
• Meliosma jenkinsi
• Meliosma sheppeyensis

• Menispermaceae – moon seed family

• †Bowerbankella tiliacoroidea
• †Davisicarpum gibbosum
• Diploclisia bognorensis
• †Eohypserpa parsonsi
• †Frintonia ornata
• Hypserpa sp.
• sp.
• †Menispermicarpum rariforme
• †Menispermoxylon - close to the extant genus Tinomiscium
• †Microtinomiscium foveolatum
• †Palaeococculus lakensis
• †Palaeosinomenium pulchrum
• †Tinomiscoidea scaphiformis
• Tinospora excavata
• †Wardenia davisi

• Cardiopteridaceae

• Citronella sp.

• Torricelliaceae

• Toricellia sp. - very similar to Torricellia bonesii from the Clarno Formation of Oregon

• Hamamelidaceae – witch-hazel family

• Corylopsis? bognorensis
• Corylopsis? latisperma
• Corylopsis venablesi
• †Jenkinsella sp.
• †Protoaltingia europaea

• Altingiaceae

• Altingia sp.
• Liquidambar palaeocenica - sweetgum

• Oleaceae

• Fraxinus sp.

• Styracaceae

• Styrax sp.

• Theaceae

• Camellia sp. - tea
• Gordonia sp.
• Stewartia sp.

• Pentaphylacaceae

• Eurya sp.

• Symplocaceae – sapphire-berry, sweet leaf.

• Symplocos curvata
• Symplocos quadrilocularis
• Symplocos trilocularis
• Symplocos bognorensis

• Ericaceae

• ?Leucopogon quadrilocularis
• Lissanthe sp.
• Rhododendron sp.

• Sapotaceae

• †Sapoticarpum rotundatum
• †Sapoticarpum latum
• †Sapoticarpum duhium
• †Sapotispermum sheppeyense - allied to Chrysophyllum and Sideroxylon

• Bataceae - saltwort or beachwort

• Batis sp. - similar to Batis maritima

• Myrtaceae

• †Hightea elliptica
• †Hightea turgida
• †Myrtospermum variabile
• †Palaeorhodomyrtus subangulata - allied to Rhodomyrtus

• Staphyleaceae

• ?Tapiscia sp. - bladdernut

• Fabaceae

• Acacia sp. – similar to Vachellia farnesiana
• Caesalpinia sp. - seed pods very similar to seed pods of C. claibornensis from the middle Eocene of Tennessee
• Dalbergia sp.
• †Leguminocarpon gardneri - seed pods most compatible to seed pods of species in Caesalpinia and Peltogyne
• †Leguminocarpon nervosum
• †Mimosites browniana

• Rosaceae

• Rubus sp.

• Elaeagnaceae

• Elaeagnus sp. - oleaster, silverberry

• Myrsinaceae

• Ardisia eocenica

• Rhizophoraceae - mangrove

• Ceriops sp.
• †Palaeobruguiera elongata
• †Palaeobruguiera lata

• Salicaceae

• Oncoba variabilis
• †Oncobella sp.
• † Saxifragispermum spinosissimum

• Linaceae

• †Decaplatyspermum bowerbanki
• †Wetherellia variahilis - related to Hugonia

• Nyctaginaceae - the four o'clock family

• Pisonia sp. - the birdcatcher tree

• Olacaceae

• Erythropalum europaeum - Only one extant species of this genus which is a scandent shrubs or liana
• Erythropalum jenkinsi
• Erythropalum turbinatum
• Olax depressa

• Lamiaceae

• Satureja sp.

• Boraginaceae

• Ehretia clausentia
• Ehretia ehretioides
• Heliotropium sp.

• Solanaceae

• †Cantisolanum daturoides
• Datura sp. - similar to Datura ferox
• Datura sp. - similar to Datura metel

• Apocynaceae - the dogbane family

• Allamanda sp.
• †Ochrosella ovalis
• †Ochrosoidea sheppeyensis

• Burseraceae - the incense tree family

• Boswellia sp.
• †Bursericarpum aldwickense
• †Bursericarpum bognorense
• †Bursericarpum ovale
• †Bursericarpum venablesi
• †Palaeobursera bognorensis
• †Protocommiphora europaea

• Anacardiaceae

• Choerospondias sheppeyensis
• Dracontomelon minimum
• Dracontomelon subglobosum
• Lannea europaea
• Lannea jenkinsi
• †Lobaticarpum variabile
• Mangifera sp. - mango
• Odina europaea
• Odina jenkinsi
• Odina subreniformis
• Poupartia sp.
• †Pseudosclerocarya subalata
• †Spondiaecarpon operculatum - according to several botanists, the pyritized specimens, originally described as Spondiaecarpon operculatum, represent locule casts of Torricellia sp.
• †Xylocarya sp.

• Onagraceae

• †Palaeeucharidium cellulare - allied to Eucharidium

• Lythraceae

• †Cranmeria trilocularis
• †Minsterocarpum alatum - closely related to the crape myrtle or crepe myrtle genus Lagerstroemia
• †Pachyspermum quinqueloculare
• †Tamesicarpum polyspermum

• Malvaceae

• †Cantitilia polysperma

• Elaeocarpaceae

• †Echinocarpus sheppeyensis

• Moraceae – mulberry and fig family

• Artocarpus sp. – breadfruit
• Ficus sp. – fig
• Maclura sp.
• ?Morus sp.

• Urticaceae

• †Urticicarpum scutellum

• Euphorbiaceae - the spurge family

• Aleurites sp.
• Croton sp.
• Euphorbia sp. – similar to Euphorbia cotinifolia
• †Euphorbiospermum bognorense
• †Euphorbiospermum cooperi
• †Euphorbiospermum eocenicum
• †Euphorbiospermum obliquum
• †Euphorbiospermum subglobulare
• †Euphorbiospermum subovoideum
• †Euphorbiospermum venablesi
• †Euphorbiotheca minima
• †Euphorbiotheca sheppeyensis
• †Lagenoidea bilocularis
• †Lagenoidea trilocularis

• Manihot sp. – cassava
• †Wetherellia variabilis

• Cucurbitaceae - the gourd family

• †Cucurbitospermum cooperi
• †Cucurbitospermum equiaelaterale
• †Cucurbitospermum sheppeyense
• †Cucurbitospermum triangulare

• Vitaceae

• Ampelopsis sp.
• †Palaeovitis sp.
• Tetrastigma corrugata
• Tetrastigma davisi
• Tetrastigma elliotti
• Tetrastigma sheppeyensis:*†Vitacexoylon sp. - close to the extant genus Rhoicissus
• Vitis bilobata
• Vitis bognorensis
• Vitis bracknellensis
• Vitis elegans
• Vitis longisulcata
• Vitis magnisperma
• Vitis obovoidea
• Vitis platyformis
• Vitis pygmaea
• Vitis rectisulcata
• Vitis semenlabruscoides
• Vitis subglobosa
• Vitis venablesi

• Sapindaceae – soapberry

• Atalaya sp. – similar to Atalaya variifolia from Australia
• †Cupanoides grandis - related to Cupania
• †Cupanoides tumidus - related to Cupania
• †Palaeallophylus minimus
• †Palaeallophyllus ovoideus
• †Palaeallophylus rotundatus
• †Palaealectryon spirale
• †Sapindospermum cooperi
• †Sapindospermum davisi
• †Sapindospermum grande
• †Sapindospermum jenkinsi
• †Sapindospermum ovoideum
• †Sapindospermum revolutum
• †Sapindospermum subovatum
• Toechima sp.

• Meliaceae - the mahogany family

• Cedrela sp.
• †Melicarya variabili
• Toona sulcata

• Rutaceae - the rue family

• †Canticarya gracilis
• †Canticarya ovalis
• †Canticarya sheppeyensis
• †Canticarya ventricosa
• †Caxtonia elongata
• †Caxtonia glandulosa
• †Caxtonia rutacaeformis
• †Citrispermum sheppeyense
• †Clausenispermum dubium
• †Eozanthoxylon glandulosum
• Euodia costata
• †Rutaspermum bognorense
• †Rutaspermum minimum
• †Shrubsolea jenkinsi
• †Zanthoxylon compression
• †Zanthoxylon bognorense

• Celastraceae - the staff vine or bittersweet family

• †Canticarpum celastroides
• Catha sp. – most similar to Catha edulis (Khat)
• †Cathispermum pulchrum
• †Celastrinoxylon ramunculiformis

• Sterculiaceae

• Dombeya sp.
• †Sphinxia ovalis

• Cornaceae

• †Beckettia mastixioides
• Cornus ettingshausenii
• †Dunstania ettinghauseni
• †Dunstania multilocularis
• †Langtonia bisulcata
• †Lanfrancia subglobosa
• Mastixia cantiensis
• Mastixia grandis
• Mastixia parva
• †Portnallia bognorensis
• †Portnallia sheppeyensis

• Nyssaceae - the tupelo family

• Nyssa bilocularis
• Nyssa cooperi
• †Palaeonyssa multilocularis

• Curtisiaceae

• Curtisia quadrilocularis

• Alangiaceae

• Alangium jenkinsi

• Icacinaceae

• †Faboidea crassicutis
• †Icacinicarya amygadaloidea
• †Icacinicarya bartonensis
• †Icacinicarya becktonensis
• †Icacinicarya bognorensis
• †Icacinicarya echinata
• †Icacinicarya elegans
• †Icacinicarya emarginata
• †Icacinicarya forbesii
• †Icacinicarya foveolata
• †Icacinicarya glabra
• †Icacinicarya inornata
• †Icacinicarya jenkinsi
• †Icacinicarya minima
• †Icacinicarya mucronata
• †Icacinicarya nodulifera
• †Icacinicarya ovalis
• †Icacinicarya ovoidea
• †Icacinicarya platycarpa
• †Icacinicarya pygmaea
• †Icacinicarya reticulata
• †Icacinicarya rotundata
• †Icacinicarya transversalis
• Iodes acutiform
• Iodes bilinica
• Iodes corniculata
• Iodes davisii
• Iodes eocenica
• Iodes multireticulata
• Mappia sp.
• Miquelia sp.
• Natsiatum eocenicum
• †Palaeophytocrene ambigua
• †Palaeophytocrene foveolata
• †Perforatocarpum echinatum
• †Sphaeriodes ventricosa
• †Stizocarya communis

Animals[]

Animal fossils include bivalves, gastropods, nautilus, worm tubes, brittle stars and starfish, crabs, lobsters, fish (including shark and ray teeth), reptiles (particularly turtles), and a large diversity of birds. A few mammal remains have also been recorded. Preservation varies; articulated skeletons are generally rare. Of fish, isolated teeth are very frequent. Bird bones are not infrequently encountered compared to other lagerstätten, but usually occur as single bones and are often broken.

The following fauna species list follows Clouter (2007).^[6]

Vertebrates[]

Mammals[]

• Coryphodon eocaenus – a pantodont
• Hyracotherium – a palaeothere
• Oxyaena – a creodont
• Platychoerops richardsoni - from Herne Bay, a primate belonging to the order Plesiadapiformes

Birds[]

• Anatalavis oxfordi – a waterbird possibly related to the magpie-goose of Australia
• - an Archaeotrogonid
• – perhaps a landfowl
• – a quail-like bird
• Dasornis, Odontopteryx and Pseudodontornis – pseudo-tooth birds
• – a coliiform
• Eostrix – an owl
• Gastornis - from the Isle of Grain, a very large flightless anseriform
• – a parrot or roller relative
• Lithornis and Promusophaga – paleognaths
• – perhaps a diurnal raptor
• – a paleognath or landfowl
• – perhaps another landfowl
• "Precursor" – apparently a chimera of Charadriiformes and Psittaciformes (and possibly other) bones
• Primapus – a swift-like bird
• – a tubenose, possibly a storm-petrel
• Prophaeton – a tropicbirds relative
• – another waterbird
• – a stork or ibis
• – a parrot relative^{[Note 1]}
• – probably a hawk relative

Reptiles[]

Crocodylians

• Diplocynodon – an alligatoroid
• Kentisuchus spenceri – a crocodylid

Snakes

• Palaeophis toliapicus and P. typhaeus

Turtles and tortoises

• Allaeochelys – a pig-nosed turtle
• Argillochelys, Eochelone, Puppigerus and "Thalassochelys" sp. – true sea-turtles
• Chrysemys bicarinata and C. testudiniformis – pond turtles
• Eosphargis – a leatherback sea-turtle
• Homopus comptoni – a tortoise
• crassicostatum and L. planimentum – prehistoric sea-turtles
• bowerbanki – a bothremydid
• Trionyx pustulatus and T. sp. – softshell turtles
• and – incertae sedis

Bony fish[]

• Acestrus elongatus, A. ornatus, Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus, A. venablasi, Xiphiorhynchus parvus and X priscus – swordfish relatives
• Acipenser toliapicus – a true sturgeon
• Albula oweni – a bonefish
• Ampheristus toliapicus – a scorpionfish
• Ardiodus marriotti – incertae sedis
• Argillichthys toombsi – a lizardfish relative
• Aulopopsis depressifrons, A. egertoni and Labrophagus esocinus – flagfins
• Beerichthys ingens and B. sp. – Two species of luvar or luvar-like fish^[7]
• Bramoides brieni and Goniocranion arambourgi – pomfrets
• Brychaetus muelleri – an arowana
• diluvii – a naked catfish
• Cylindracanthus rectus and Hemirhabdorhynchus elliotti – Blochiidae
• Cymbium proosti, Eocoelopoma colei, E. curvatum, E. gigas, E. hopwoodi, Eothynnus salmoneus, Scombramphodon crassidens, S. sheppeyensis, Scombrinus macropomus, S. nuchalis, Sphyraenodus priscus, decipiens, Wetherellus brevior, W. cristatus, W. longior and Woodwardella patellifrons – mackerel and tuna relatives
• Diodon sp. – a porcupinefish
• Egertonia isodonta and Phyllodus toliapicus –
• Elops sp., Esocelops cavifrons, Megalops oblongus, M. priscus, Promegalops sheppeyensis and P. signeuxae – ladyfish
• Enniskillenus radiatus – acanthomorph
• winkleri – a cutlassfish
• Halecopsis insignis –
• alticeps and tamesis – spadefish
• sheppeyensis – a bowfin
• Myripristis toliapicus, Naupygus bucklandi and Paraberyx bowerbanki – soldierfish
• Percostoma angustum, Plesioserranus cf. wemmeliensi and Serranopsis londinensis – groupers
• Podocephalus curryi, P. nitidus, Sciaenuropsis turneri and Sciaenurus bowerbanki – porgies
• Progempylus edwardsi – a snake mackerel
• Pseudosphaerodon antiquus and P. navicularis – wrasses?
• Pycnodus bowerbanki and P. toliapicus –
• Rhinocephalus planiceps and Trichurides sagittidens – hakes
• branchialis and R. major –
• antiquitatis – a jack mackerel

Cartilaginous fish[]

• Abdounia beaugi, Carcharhinus sp.^{[Note 2]} and Physogaleus secundus^{[Note 3]} – requiem sharks
• irregularis, Burnhamia daviesi,^{[Note 4]} Myliobatis dixoni, M. latidens, M. raouxi and M. toliapicus – eagle rays
• Anomotodon sheppeyensis – a goblin shark
• Carcharias hopei,^{[Note 5]} trigonalis, Odontaspis winkleri, rutoti and Striatolamia macrota^{[Note 6]} – sand sharks
• Edaphodon bucklandi and hunteri – chimaeras
• Dasyatis davisi and D. wochadunensis – stingrays
• Galeorhinus lefevrei, G. minor, G. recticonus, G. ypresiensis, Mustelus whitei and Triakis wardi – hound sharks
• Heterodontus vincenti, H. wardenensis and H. woodwardi – bullhead sharks
• Hexanchus agassizi, H. collinsonae, H. hookeri, Notorhynchus serratissimus and burnhamensis – cow sharks
• trituratus and Squalus minor^{[Note 7]} – dogfish sharks
• Isurolamna affinis, Isurus nova, I. praecursor, Lamna inflata, L. lerichei, Otodus obliquus, O. aksuaticus and Xiphodolamia eocaena^{[Note 8]} – white sharks
• cooperi, Scyliorhinus casieri, S. gilberti, S. pattersoni and S. woodwardi – catsharks
• sp? – an indeterminate shark
• Raja sp.? – an indeterminate ray
• Squatina prima – an angel shark

Crustaceans[]

• Lobsters and shrimp
  • Callianassa sp.
  • Homarus morrisi ^[8]
  • Hoploparia gammaroides
  • Linuparus eocenicus & L. scyllariformis
  • Scyllarides tuberculatus
• Barnacles
  • and S. quadratum
• Crabs
  • Desmarest
  • ^{[Note 9]}
  • & D. lamarki
  • Desmarest
  • cf. quadrilo
  • Portunites incerta & P. stintoni
  • , Z. dufori, Z. leachei, Z. nodosa and Z. unispinosa
• Mantis shrimp
  • Squilla wetherelli

Molluscs[]

Cephalopods[]

• ziczac, imperialis, sowerbyi, regale, Eutrephoceras urbanum, cassiniana and centrale^{[Note 10]} – nautiluses
• Belopterina levesquei, Belosepia blainvillei and B. sepioidea – cuttlefish

Bivalves[]

• Abra splendens – Semelidae
• Amygdalum depressum^{[Note 11]} and Modiolus tubicola – Mytilidae

Anomiidae

• Anomia scabrosa – a jingle shell
• Enigmonia aenigmatica – a jingle shell
• Arca nitens, A. tumescens and Glycymeris wrigleyi^{[Note 12]} – ark clams
• Arctica planata^{[Note 13]} – Arcticidae
• Astarte davisi, A. filigera and A. rugata^{[Note 14]} –

Astartidae

• sulcataria^{[Note 15]} – a venus clam
• Corbula globosa – Corbulidae
• Cuspidaria inflata and C. lamallosa^{[verification needed]} – Cuspidariidae
• Nuculana amygdaloides^{[Note 16]} and N. prisca – Nuculanidae
• corneus^{[Note 17]} and Pecten sp. – scallops
• Nemocardium nitens^{[Note 18]} and N. semigranulatum – Cardiidae
• Nucula consors – Nuculidae
• Ostrea sp. – a true oysters
• Pinna affinis – a pen shell
• media^{[verification needed][Note 19]} and Pteria papyracea – pearl oysters
• Pycnodonte gryphovicina^{[Note 20]} – Pycnodontidae
• Teredina personata and Teredo sp. – shipworms
• Thyasira angulata – Thyasiridae
• Thyasira goodhali – Thyasiridae
• Venericardia trinobantium – Carditidae
• Verticordia sulcata – Verticordiidae

Gastropods[]

• cymaea, perforata, scalaroides and primaeva^{[Note 21]} – wentletraps
• Aporrhais sowerbii^{[Note 22]} and lucida^{[Note 23]} – true conchs
• Bathytoma granata, B. turbida, Clavatula conica,^{[Note 24]} Cochlespira gyrata, concinnus,^{[Note 25]} cerithiformis, Fusiturris selysi,^{[Note 26]} F. simillima, F. wetherelli,^{[Note 27]} Gemmula koninckii,^{[Note 28]} fasciolata, H. prestwichi, Pseudotoma topleyi, errans,^{[Note 29]} S. velatus, Turricula crassa, T. helix, T. latimarginata,^{[Note 30]} T. nanodis,^{[Note 31]} T. symmetrica and T. teretrium – Conoidea
• Bonellitia clathratum and B. laeviuscula – nutmeg shells
• sp., elongatum, ? sp., Scaphander ?parisiensis and simulata – opisthobranchs
• prisca, mercinensis, S. taylori and S. tutelina – sea-butterflies
• Cassis striata and gallica^{[Note 32]} – tun shells
• cepacea, Daphnobela juncea, Litiopa sulculosa, elongatus^{[Note 33]} and pulcher^{[Note 34]} – incertae sedis
• oviformis – a cowrie
• Euspira glaucinoides^{[Note 35]} and Sinum clathratum – moon snails
• londini,^{[Note 36]} Fusinus coniferus, F. wetherelli, curta,^{[Note 37]} Siphonalia highgatensis, triliniatus, S. zonulatus, complanata^{[Note 38]} and W. transversaria^{[Note 39]} – true whelks
• Ficopsis multiformis^{[Note 40]} – a fig shell
• sp. – a periwinkle
• sororcula – Mathildidae
• Murex subcristatus and Paziella argillacea^{[Note 41]} – murex snails
• sp. and Turbonilla subterranea^{[Note 42]} – pyramid shells
• Patella sp. – Patellidae
• Ptychatractus aff. interuptus, Scaphella wetherelli^{[Note 43]} and Volutospina nodosa – volutes
• Rilla cf. tenuistriata – Streptaxidae
• Ringicula turgida – Ringiculidae
• Sassia morrisi – a triton shell
• Sigapatella sp.^{[Note 44]} – Calyptraeidae
• Tornus sp.^{[Note 45]} and cf. misera – Rissoidae
• Xenophora extensum^{[Note 46]} – a carrier shell

Tusk shells[]

• Antalis anceps and A. nitens

Echinoderms[]

• crispatus, colei, bowerbanki, Hippasteria tuberculata, wetherelli and stokesii^{[Note 47]} – starfish
• Coelopleurus wetherelli, Micraster sp. and Schizaster sp. – sea urchins
• londinensis^{[Note 48]} – crinoid
• ? sp., wetherelli, Ophiomusium sp. and Ophiura wetherelli – brittlestars

Annelids[]

• Rotularia bognoriensis
• Serpula trilineata

Cnidarians[]

• brevis and P. caryophyllus – corals
• wetherelli – hydrozoan

Other invertebrates[]

• wetherelli, sp., clithridiata, sp., Cribrilina sp., sp., wetherelli, Entalophora sp., sp., sp., sp., incisa, sp. and Websteria crissioides – bryozoans
• Hemiptera gen. et sp. indet. – true bug
• Lingula tenuis, Terebratulina striatula and T. wardenensis – lampshells
• sp. – sponge

Ichnofossils[]

• plana – polychaete worm tubes?

Notes[]

References[]