List of fungi of South Africa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the lists of fungal taxa as recorded from South Africa. Names given are as provided by the source, but authorities and dates should be aligned with current practice where feasible. Currently accepted names have been appended where the listed name is out of date.

A fungus (plural: fungi[1] or funguses[2]) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, those being Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista.

A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), which share a common ancestor (from a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.

Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.

The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[3] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described,[4] with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[5] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within Kingdom Fungi, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.

A[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – A

B[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – B

C[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – C

D[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – D

E[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – E

F[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – F

G[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – G

H[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – H

I[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – I

K[]

Main article:

Genus: Berk. 1876, accepted as Lysurus Fr., (1823)

  • (Welw. & Curr.) Kalchbr. 1880[6] accepted as Welw. & Curr., (1868)
  • Berk. 1876[6]
  • var. microcephala Pole Evans[6]*

Genus: *

Genus: Kretzschmaria Fr. 1849

  • (Welw. & Curr.) Sacc. 1883[6]
  • Van der Byl 1932[6]
  • (Fr.) Sacc. 1882[6]

Genus: Kuehneola Magnus 1898

  • Kuehneola albida (J.G.Kühn) Magnus (1898),[6] accepted as Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arthur (1906)
  • (Castagne) E.J. Butler 1914[6] accepted as (Castagne) Arthur, (1917)
  • Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arthur (1906) recorded as Kuehneola albida (J.G.Kühn) Magnus (1898),[6]

Genus: Lloyd 1924, accepted as Lysurus Fr., (1823)

L[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – L

M[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – M

N[]

Main article:

Genus: Naemacyclus Fuckel 1874

  • (Pers.) Fuckel ex Sacc. 1884[7] accepted as (Pers.) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter, (1983)

Genus: Fr. 1824, accepted as Arthonia Ach., (1806)

Genus: Naucoria (Fr.) P.Kumm. (1871), accepted as Alnicola Kühner (1926)

  • (Berk.) Sacc. 1887[8] accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • Quel.(sic)[8] possibly (Fr.) Sacc. 1887, accepted as Agrocybe arvalis (Fr.) Singer, (1936)
  • Quel. (sic)[8] possibly (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.) Gillet, [1878]
  • Quel. (sic)[8] possibly (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • var. obscuripes Fayod 1890[8] accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • (Bull.) Gillet 1876[8] accepted as (Bull.) Singer, (1951)
  • (Cooke & Massee) Sacc. 1887[8]
  • (Fr.) Quél. 1875[8]
  • (Bull.) Quél. 1875[8] accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • (Fr.) Sacc. 1887[8]

Genus: Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849

  • Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. 1849[8]
  • Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849[8]
  • (Tul. & C. Tul.) Wollenw. & Reinking 1935[8] accepted as (Berk. & Ravenel) Rossman & Samuels, (1999)
  • Nectria ditissima Tul. & C. Tul. (1865),[8] accepted as Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman (2006)
  • (Tode) Fr. 1849,[8] accepted as (Tode) Cooke [as episphærica], (1884)
  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Nectria galligena Bres. 1901 [as gallingena][8] accepted as Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman, (2006)
  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Henn. 1895 [as mellopsicola][8] accepted as (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels [as 'meliopsicola'], (1999)
  • Sacc. 1913, Nom. illegit.[8]
  • Nectria peziza (Tode) Fr. 1849[8]
  • Nectria sp.[8]

Family: Sacc. 1884[8]

Genus: Peglion 1897

  • Nematospora coryli Peglion, 1901,[8] accepted as Eremothecium coryli Kurtzman, 1995
  • Nematospora gossypii Ashby & Nowell (1926),[8] accepted as Eremothecium gossypii Kurtzman, 1995

Genus: Syd. & P. Syd. 1913

  • Syd. & P. Syd. 1913,[8]

Genus: Kuntze 1898

  • (Berk. & Broome) Petch 1924[8] accepted as Deshpandiella jambolana (T.S. Ramakr., Sriniv. & Sundaram) Kamat & Ullasa, (1973)
  • P. Syd. 1899[8] accepted as Deshpandiella jambolana (T.S. Ramakr., Sriniv. & Sundaram) Kamat & Ullasa, (1973)

Genus: Neocosmospora E.F. Sm. 1899 accepted as Fusarium Link, (1809)

  • Neocosmospora vasinfecta E.F. Sm. 1899[8] accepted as O'Donnell & Geiser, (2013)
  • var. tracheiphila E.F. Sm. 1899[8] accepted as O'Donnell & Geiser, (2013)

Genus: Neopeckia Sacc. 1883

  • Doidge 1948[8] accepted as (Doidge) Sivan., (1972)
  • Syd. & P. Syd. 1917[8]

Genus: Nephroma Ach. 1809(Lichens)

  • Gyeln. 1931[8]
  • A. Massal. 1861[8]
  • (Sm.) Ach. 1810[8]
  • Gyeln. 1931[8]
  • Ach. 1810[8]
  • Ach. 1814[8]
  • Nephroma resupinatum f. helveticum Rabenh. 1845[8]
  • (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. 1925[8]

Genus: Nyl. 1860, accepted as Nephroma Ach., (1809)

  • (Ach.) Nyl. 1888[8] accepted as Ach. [as helvetica], (1810)
  • Müll. Arg. 1883[8]
  • (Ach.) Nyl. 1858[8] accepted as Ach. [as laevigata], (1814)

Genus: Nesolechia A. Massal. 1856 accepted as Phacopsis Tul., (1852)

  • (Stizenb.) Vouaux 1913;[8]

Family: Nidulariaceae Dumort. 1822[8]

Genus: Nidularia Fr. 1817

  • (Nees) Fr. 1823[8]

Genus: Nigrospora Zimm. 1902

  • Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch (1924),[8]
  • Zimm. 1902[8]
  • Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) E.W. Mason 1927[8] accepted as Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch (1924)

Genus: A. Massal. 1861, accepted as Caloplaca Th. Fr., (1860)

  • A. Massal. 1861[8]

Genus: A. Massal. 1861

  • A. Massal. 1861[8]

Genus: Nolanea (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871

  • (MacOwan) Sacc. 1887[8] accepted as (MacOwan) D.A. Reid, (1975)
  • Kalchbr.[8]*

Genus: Normandina Nyl. 1855

  • (Borrer) Nyl. 1861[8]

Genus: Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 accepted as Biscogniauxia Kuntze, (1891)

  • (Schwein.) Cooke 1883[8] accepted as (De Not.) Kuntze, (1891)
  • (Sacc.) J.H. Mill. 1942,[8] accepted as (Sacc.) Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, (1998)
  • Syd. 1924[8] accepted as (Sacc.) Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, (1998)
  • Cooke[8] accepted as (Sacc.) Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, (1998)
  • (Berk. & Ravenel) Sacc. 1882 [as punctulatum][8] accepted as (Berk. & Ravenel) Læssøe, J.D. Rogers & Whalley, (1989)
  • (Welw. & Curr.) Sacc. 1882, [as suborbiculare][8]
  • Penz. & Sacc. [as uni-apiculata], (1898)[8] accepted as (Penz. & Sacc.) Whalley & Læssøe, (1990)

O[]

Main article:

Oc[]

Genus: Ocellularia G. Mey. 1825 (Lichens)

  • var. feracior Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • var. leiothallina Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1882[8]
  • Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1887[8]

Genus: Ochrolechia A.Massal. (1852) (Lichens)

  • Ochrolechia africana Vain. 1926[8]
  • Ochrolechia africana Vain. 1926[8]
  • (L.) A. Massal. 1853[8]
  • Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal. 1852[8]

Genus: Octaviania Vittad. 1831

  • Lloyd 1922[8] accepted as (Lloyd) Singer & A.H. Sm., (1960)
  • (Wallr.) Corda 1854[8] accepted as Wallr., (1839)
  • G.H.Cunn.[8] accepted as (Rodway) G.W. Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K. Young, (1985)

Od[]

Genus: Pers. 1794

  • (Fr.) Quél. 1888[8] accepted as (Fr.) J. Erikss., (1958)
  • Van der Byl 1934[8] accepted as (Van der Byl) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, (2009)
  • Burt 1917[8] accepted as (Burt) Nakasone, (2000)

Oi[]

Genus: Oidiopsis Scalia 1902 accepted as Leveillula G. Arnaud, (1921)

  • Oidiopsis taurica (Lév.) E.S. Salmon 1906[8] accepted as Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud, (1921)

Genus: Oidium Link 1824

  • Thüm. 1878[8] accepted as (Thüm.) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook, (2012)
  • Rabenh. 1853[8] accepted as (Rabenh.) M. Bradshaw, U. Braun, Meeboon & S. Takam., (2017)
  • Oidium erysiphoides Fr. (1832),[8] accepted as (Ehrenb.) V.P. Heluta, (1988)
  • Oidium farinosum Cooke (1887),[8] accepted as Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon, (1900)
  • Jørst. 1925[8] accepted as (Jørst. ex S. Blumer) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook, (2012)
  • Fresen. 1850[8] accepted as Dipodascus geotrichum (E.E. Butler & L.J. Petersen) Arx, (1977)
  • Desm. 1829[8] accepted as Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary, (1870)
  • Cooke & Massee, (1888) [as lycopersicum][8] accepted as (Cooke & Massee) L. Kiss, (2019)
  • Oidium mangiferae Berthet 1914[8]
  • Thüm. 1878[8] accepted as Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam., (2000)
  • Thüm. 1879[8] accepted as Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta [as 'cichoraceorum'], (1988)
  • Oidium tuckeri Berk. 1847[8] accepted as Schwein., [1834]
  • Thüm. & P.C. Bolle 1885[8] accepted as (Thüm. & P.C. Bolle) J.A. Stev., (1975)
  • Oidium sp.[8]

Ol[]

Genus: Cornu 1872

  • du Plessis 1933[8]

Genus: Syd. & P. Syd. 1914 accepted as Ramularia Unger, (1833)

  • (G. Winter) Doidge 1921[8] accepted as (G. Winter) Joanne E. Taylor & Crous, (1999)
  • Syd. & P. Syd. 1914[8] accepted as (Syd. & P. Syd.) Arx, (1962)

Om[]

Genus: Ombrophila Fr. 1849

Genus: Omphalia (Fr.) Gray 1821, accepted as Omphalina Quél., (1886)

  • Bres. 1920[8]
  • Gill. (sic)[8] possibly (Lasch) Sacc. 1887
  • Quel.(sic)[8] possibly (Desm.) P. Karst. 1879 accepted as (Desm.) Watling, [1988]
  • Quel. (sic)[8] possibly (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871 accepted as (Pers.) Fayod, (1889)
  • (Kalchbr.) Sacc. 1887[8]
  • (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 1887[8]
  • (Fr.) Gillet 1876[8] accepted as (Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys [as onisca], (2002)
  • Bres. 1920[8] accepted as Pegler, (1966)
  • (Berk.) Sacc. 1891[8]
  • (Kalchbr.) Sacc. 1887[8] accepted as (Kalchbr.) D.A. Reid, (1975)
  • (Fr.) Quél. 1872,[8] accepted as (Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, (2002)
  • Quel. (sic)[8] possibly (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as (Fr.) Singer, (1946)
  • (Kalchbr.) Sacc. 1887;[8]
  • Quel. var. cinnabarina Berk.[8]*

Genus: Durieu & Mont. 1847 (?) accepted as Thyrea A. Massal., (1856)

  • (Nyl.) Vain. 1901[8]

Genus: Omphalodium Meyen & Flot. 1843 (?) (Lichens)

  • (Ach.) Flot. 1843[8] accepted as (Ach.) A. Thell, Feuerer, Elix & Kärnefelt, J. Hattori (2006)
  • var. phalacrum Hue 1900[8]
  • (Taylor) Minks 1900;[8]

On[]

Genus: Kalchbr. 1880

  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]

Oo[]

Genus: Oospora Wallr. 1833, accepted as Oidium Link, (1824)

  • Oospora citri-aurantii (Ferraris) Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902[8]accepted as Dipodascus geotrichum (E.E. Butler & L.J. Petersen) Arx, 336 (1977)
  • (Costantin & Matr.) Cub. & Megliola 1903,[8] accepted as (Cooke & Massee) W. Gams, (1971)
  • (Thüm.) Sacc. & Voglino 1886[8]
  • (Fresen.) Sacc. 1886[9] accepted as Dipodascus geotrichum (E.E. Butler & L.J. Petersen) Arx, (1977)
  • Oospora pustulans M.N. Owen & Wakef. 1919 [as pustularis][9] accepted as Polyscytalum pustulans (M.N. Owen & Wakef.) M.B. Ellis, (1976)
  • Thaxt. 1892[9]

Genus: Speg. 1918, accepted as Speg., (1886)

  • Syd. 1930[9]
  • Petr. 1928[9] accepted as (Petr.) Petr., (1952)
  • (Cooke) Doidge 1942[9] accepted as (Cooke) Petr., (1952)

Op[]

Genus: Opegrapha (Lichens)

  • Zahlbr. 1932[9]
  • Fée 1837[9]
  • Pers. 1794[9] accepted as (Pers.) A. Schneid., (1898)
  • Zahlbr. 1936[9]
  • Fée 1825[9]
  • Müll. Arg. 1888[9]
  • Nyl. 1869[9]
  • Stizenb. 1891[9]
  • Müll. Arg. 1887[9] accepted as (Sm.) Egea & Torrente, (1994)
  • Zahlbr. 1936 [as exigualla][9]
  • Zahlbr.[9]
  • Nyl. 1867[9]
  • Zahlbr. 1936[9]
  • (Sm.) Borrer ex Hook. 1833[9] accepted as (Sm.) Egea & Torrente, (1994)
  • Nyl. 1895[9]
  • Müll. Arg. 1893[9]
  • Nyl. 1876[9]
  • var. microcarpella Zahlbr. 1936[9]
  • Nyl. f. congesta Stizenb.[9]*
  • (L.) Ach. 1803[9] accepted as Graphis scripta (L.) Ach., (1809)
  • Müll. Arg. 1886[9]
  • Vain. 1926[9]
  • Zahlbr. 1932.[9]
  • Müll. Arg. 1895[9]
  • A. Massal. 1861[9]

Genus: Ophiobolus Riess 1854

  • Ophiobolus cariceti (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. (1883),[9] accepted as Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, (1952)
  • Ophiobolus graminis (Sacc.) Sacc. (1881),[9] accepted as Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, (1952)
  • Ophiobolus cariceti (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 1883,[9] accepted as Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, (1952)
  • Doidge 1941[9]
  • (Rabenh.) Sacc. 1883[9] accepted as (Riess) Phookamsak, Wanas., & K.D. Hyde, (2017)

Genus: Ophiodothella (Henn.) Höhn. 1910

  • (Berk. & Broome) Höhn. 1910[9]
  • Doidge 1942[9]

Or[]

Genus: Orbilia Fr. 1836

  • (Pers.) P. Karst. 1871[9]
  • (Fr.) Fr. 1849[9]

Family: Orbiliaceae Nannf. 1932[9]

Ot[]

Genus: Otthia Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870

Ov[]

Genus: Sacc. 1880, accepted as Ramularia Unger, (1833)

  • (Fuckel) Sacc. 1886[9] accepted as Fuckel, (1870)
  • Volkart 1903[9] accepted as (Volkart) U. Braun, (1988)

Genus: OvulariopsisPat. & Har. 1900

P[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – P

R[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – R

S[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – S

T[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – T

U[]

Main article: List of fungi of South Africa – U

V[]

Main article:

Va[]

Genus: Valsa

  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[10] accepted as (Kalchbr. & Cooke) Doidge, (1941)
  • Valsa leucostoma (Pers.) Fr. 1849[10] accepted as Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc., (1881)
  • (Pers.) Fr. 1849[10]
  • Valsa sordida Nitschke 1870[10] accepted as Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr., (1823)
  • (Fr.) Fr. 1849[10] accepted as (Fr.) Sacc., (1882)

Family: Valsaceae Tul. & C. Tul. 1861[10]

Genus: Valsaria Ces. & De Not. 1863

  • Valsaria batesii Doidge, (1948),[10] accepted as Valsaria insitiva (Tode) Ces. & De Not.,(1863)
  • (Kalchbr. & Cooke) Sacc. 1882,[10] accepted as (Fr.) Fuckel, (1870)
  • Doidge 1941[10]

Family: [10]

Genus: Varicellaria Nyl. 1858

  • (L.) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch, (2012) recorded as Wahlbg. (sic)[10] possibly (L.) Pers. 1794

Genus:

  • Pers. 1794[10] accepted as (Huds.) Hafellner, (2016)
  • Wahlbg. (sic)[10] possibly (L.) Pers. 1794, accepted as (L.) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch, (2012)

Ve[]

Genus: Venturia

Genus: Tode 1790 accepted as Colletotrichum Corda, (1831)

Genus: Verrucaria Schrad. 1794? (Lichens)

  • (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Kremp. 1867[10]
  • var. recepta (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Afzel. ex Ach. 1803[10] accepted as (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach., (1814)
  • Ach. 1814[10] accepted as (Ach.) Lücking, M.P. Nelsen & Aptroot, (2016)
  • var. fumida Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Wahlenb. 1809[10] accepted as (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr., (1861)
  • (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10] accepted as (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, (2016)
  • Nyl. 1866[10]
  • Müll. Arg. 1888[10]
  • Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • (Nyl.) Nyl. 1872[10] accepted as (Nyl.) Oxner, (1956)
  • (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10] accepted as Pyrenowilmsia ferruginosa (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot, (1991)
  • var. incusa Flot. 1843[10]
  • Stirt. 1877[10]
  • Stizenb. 1891[10] accepted as (Stizenb.) Zahlbr., (1922)
  • Zahlbr. 1932[10]
  • var. hilarior Zahlbr. 1932.[10]
  • Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. 1795[10]
  • (Weigel) Schrad. 1801[10] accepted as Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach., (1814)
  • var. nitidella Flörke 1815[10] accepted as Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach., (1814)
  • Nyl. 1867[10] accepted as (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking, (2016)
  • Nyl. 1895[10]
  • (Mont.) Nyl. 1858,[10] accepted as (Mont.) R.C. Harris, (1989)
  • Zahlbr. 1936[10]
  • (Nyl.) Nyl. 1863[10] accepted as (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., (1882)
  • (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Nyl. 1863[10]
  • Afzel. (sic)[10]possibly Ach. 1803 accepted as (Ach.) Müll. Arg., (1885)
  • (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb., (1891) [as transvaalensis]][10]
  • Mont. 1845[10]
  • (Schrad.) Ach. 1803[10]
  • (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]

Family: Verrucariaceae Eschw. 1824[10]

Genus: Verticillium Nees 1816

Genus: Rehm 1901

  • (Sacc.) Theiss. 1918[10]

Vo[]

Genus: Volutella Fr. 1832

Genus:

  • Quel. (sic)[10]possibly (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer, (1951)
  • Petch.[10]*
  • Quel. (sic)[10] possibly (Pers.) Lloyd 1899, accepted as (Pers.) Singer, (1951)
  • Gill. (sic)[10] possibly (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo, (2011)
  • sp.[10]

Genus: Volvariella Speg. 1898

  • Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer, (1951) recorded as Quel. (sic)[10]possibly (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871
  • (Pers.) Singer, (1951) recprded as Quel. (sic)[10] possibly (Pers.) Lloyd 1899

Genus: Volvopluteus Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011

  • Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo, (2011) recorded as Gill. (sic)[10] possibly (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871

W[]

Main article:

Genus: Woodiella Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899,

  • Woodiella natalensis Sacc. & P. Syd. (1899),[10]

Family: H.E. Petersen 1909[10]

Genus: Racib. 1898 accepted as Synchytrium de Bary & Woronin, (1863)

  • (Cooke) Syd. 1914[10] accepted as (Cooke) Gäum., (1927)

X[]

Main article:

Xa[]

Genus: Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. 1860,(Lichens)

  • (Ach.) Erichsen, (1930) reported as Xanthoria parietina var. aureola (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1860[10]
  • f. fibrillosa Hillmann 1922[10]
  • var. semigranularis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. 1931[10]
  • (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1931[10]
  • (L. f.) Hillmann 1922[10] accepted as (L. f.) Ach., (1810)
  • var. podetiifera Hillmann 1922[10]
  • Zahlbr. 1926[10] accepted as (Zahlbr.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting, (2013)
  • Xanthoria parietina Beltr. (sic)[10] possibly (L.) Th. Fr. 1860
  • Xanthoria parietina f. albicans (Müll. Arg.) Hillmann 1961[10]
  • Xanthoria parietina f. rutilans Th. Fr. 1871[10]
  • Xanthoria parietina var. aureola (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1860[10] Accepted as (Ach.) Erichsen, (1930)
  • Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea (Ach.) J. Kickx f. 1867,[10] accepted as Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr., (1860)
  • Xanthoria parietina var. ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1917[10] accepted as (Nyl.) Zahlbr. [as 'ectanoides'], (1931)
  • Xanthoria parietina var. macrophylla (Stizenb.) Hillmann 1920[10]
  • Vain. 1900[10] accepted as (Vain.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting, (2013)

Xe[]

Genus: Xerotus Fr. 1828

  • Mont. [as 'berteri'], (1850)[10]
  • Kalchbr. & MacOwan 1881[10] accepted as (Kalchbr. & MacOwan) D.A. Reid, (1975)
  • Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1860[10]
  • Lév. 1846[10] accepted as (Lév.) Kalchbr., (1881)

Xy[]

Genus: Xylaria Hill ex Schrank 1786

  • (Berk.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • (Mont.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • Cooke 1879[10]
  • Sacc. 1878[10]
  • Mont. 1856.[10] accepted as (Mont.) P.M.D. Martin, (1976)
  • (Pers.) Berk. & Broome 1860[10]
  • (Lév.) Sacc. 1883[10]
  • Pers. ex Fr.[10]
  • Berk. 1855[10]
  • (Fr.) Fr. 1849[10]
  • (Mont.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • (L.) Grev. 1825[10]
  • (Pat.) J.H. Mill. 1942[10]
  • Kalch.[10]*
  • (Lév.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • Penz. & Sacc. 1898[10] accepted as (Penz. & Sacc.) P.M.D. Martin, (1976)
  • Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. 1824,[10]
  • Speg. (1889) [as Hippoglossa][10]
  • (Kunze) Fr. 1851[11]
  • Mont. 1855[11]
  • (Klotzsch) Cooke 1883,[11] accepted as (Klotzsch) P.M.D. Martin, (1976)
  • Tul. & C. Tul. 1863,[11]
  • Nitschke[11]*
  • Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. 1824[11]
  • Lloyd 1925[11]
  • Mont. 1855 (Nom. inval.)[11] accepted as Kunze ex Sacc., (1882)
  • Van der Byl 1932[11]
  • Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1854[11]
  • Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[11]
  • (J. Kickx f.) Berk. 1851[11]
  • Berk. 1864[11]
  • Welw. & Curr. 1868[11]
  • (Mont.) Mont. [as 'ianthino-velutina'], (1856)[10]
  • Xylaria sp.[11]

Family: Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul. 1863[11]

Genus: Zundel 1939, accepted as Pericladium Pass., (1875)

  • Zundel 1939 [as piperii][11] accepted as (Zundel) Mundk. [as 'piperii'], (1944)

Z[]

Main article:

Genus: Sacc. 1891, accepted as Chaetothyrium Speg., (1888)

  • Doidge 1920,[11] accepted as (Doidge) Bat., (1962)
  • Doidge 1917[11] accepted as (Doidge) Hansf., (1946)
  • Doidge 1920[11]

Genus: Fr. 1825, accepted as Sarea Fr., (1825)

Family: Clem. 1909[11]

References[]

  1. ^ /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ (audio speaker iconlisten), /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/ (audio speaker iconlisten), /ˈfʌŋɡi/ (audio speaker iconlisten) or /ˈfʌndʒi/ (audio speaker iconlisten). The first two pronunciations are favored more in the US and the others in the UK, however all pronunciations can be heard in any English-speaking country.
  2. ^ "Fungus". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  3. ^ Hawksworth, D.L.; Lücking, R (July 2017). "Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species". The Fungal Kingdom. Microbiology Spectrum. Vol. 5. pp. 79–95. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0052-2016. ISBN 978-1-55581-957-6. PMID 28752818.
  4. ^ Cheek, Martin; Nic Lughadha, Eimear; Kirk, Paul; Lindon, Heather; Carretero, Julia; Looney, Brian; et al. (2020). "New scientific discoveries: Plants and fungi". Plants, People, Planet. 2 (5): 371–388. doi:10.1002/ppp3.10148.
  5. ^ "Stop neglecting fungi". Nature Microbiology. 2 (8): 17120. 25 July 2017. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.120. PMID 28741610.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Doidge 1950, p. 1055.
  7. ^ Doidge 1950, p. 1064.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds Doidge 1950, p. 1065.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Doidge 1950, p. 1066.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di Doidge 1950, p. 1091.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Doidge 1950, p. 1092.

Sources[]

Further reading[]

See also[]

External links[]

Name search at Index Fungorum

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