List of Boraginales of South Africa

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Boraginales is a valid taxonomic name at the rank of order for a group of flowering plants. It includes Boraginaceae and closely related asterid families. The Boraginales include about 125 genera, 2,700 species and its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distribution. In the 2016 APG IV system Boraginales is an order with only one family Boraginaceae, which includes the former family Codonaceae. At the time of the APG IV consensus there was insufficient support to divide this monophyletic group further.[1]

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[2]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]

One family is represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Boraginaceae[]

Family: Boraginaceae

Afrotysonia[]

Genus Afrotysonia:[5]

  • (Bolus) Rauschert, endemic
  • (R.R.Mill) R.R.Mill, indigenous

Amsinckia[]

Genus Amsinckia:[5]

  • Amsinckia calycina (Moris) Chater, not indigenous
  • Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. not indigenous
  • Suksd. not indigenous

Anchusa[]

Genus Anchusa:[5]

Buglossoides[]

Genus Buglossoides:[5]

  • Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst. not indigenous

Codon[]

Genus Codon:[5]

  • L. indigenous
  • Schinz, indigenous

Coldenia[]

Genus Coldenia:[5]

  • Coldenia procumbens L. indigenous

Cordia[]

Genus Cordia:[5]

Cynoglossum[]

Genus Cynoglossum:[5]

  • Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
  • Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R.Drumm. not indigenous
  • Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
  • Baker & C.H.Wright, indigenous
  • Thunb. indigenous
  • Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. indigenous
  • Retief & A.E.van Wyk, endemic
  • Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous

Echiostachys[]

Genus Echiostachys:[5]

  • (H.Buek) Levyns, endemic
  • (Thunb.) Levyns, endemic
  • (Burm.f.) Levyns, endemic

Echium[]

Genus Echium:[5]

  • Echium candicans L.f. not indigenous; cultivated, invasive
  • Echium plantagineum L. not indigenous, invasive
  • Echium simplex DC. not indigenous
  • Echium vulgare L. not indigenous, invasive

Ehretia[]

Genus Ehretia:[5]

  • Ehretia alba Retief & A.E.van Wyk, indigenous
  • Klotzsch, indigenous
  • Hochst. ex A.DC. indigenous
  • Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce, indigenous
    • Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce subsp. nervifolia Retief & A.E.van Wyk, indigenous
    • Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce subsp. rigida, endemic
    • Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce subsp. silvatica Retief & A.E.van Wyk, endemic

Heliotropium[]

Genus Heliotropium:[5]

  • Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl, not indigenous, invasive
  • Roem. & Schult. accepted as E.Mey. ex A.DC. present
  • Lehm. accepted as L. present
  • Kaplan, indigenous
  • Heliotropium curassavicum L. not indigenous
  • Heliotropium europaeum L. not indigenous, invasive
  • Friedr.-Holzh. indigenous
  • Schinz, indigenous
  • Heliotropium indicum L. not indigenous
  • (A.DC.) Gurke, indigenous
  • C.H.Wright, indigenous
  • Forssk. indigenous
  • Vatke, indigenous
  • Willd. indigenous
  • L. not indigenous
  • E.Mey. ex A.DC. indigenous
  • (Burm.f.) Lam. indigenous

Lappula[]

Genus Lappula:[5]

  • (A.DC.) Gurke, indigenous
  • (Lam.) Gurke, accepted as (A.DC.) Gurke, present
  • Brand, accepted as (A.DC.) Gurke, present
  • Ledeb. not indigenous
    • Lappula squarrosa (L.) Dumort. subsp. heteracantha (Ledeb.) Chater, accepted as Ledeb. not indigenous

Lithospermum[]

Genus Lithospermum:[5]

  • A.DC. endemic
  • Weim. indigenous
  • A.DC. indigenous
  • A.DC. indigenous
  • Lehm. indigenous
  • E.Mey. ex A.DC. endemic
  • A.DC. accepted as A.DC. present
  • Thunb. indigenous
  • Thunb. endemic

Lobostemon[]

Genus Lobostemon:[5]

Myosotis[]

Genus Myosotis:[5]

  • Myosotis afropalustris C.H.Wright, indigenous
  • Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill, not indigenous, invasive
  • Myosotis discolor Pers. not indigenous
  • C.H.Wright, indigenous
  • A.DC. indigenous
  • A.DC. indigenous
  • Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. not indigenous, invasive
  • Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. not indigenous

Phacelia[]

Genus Phacelia:[5]

  • Griseb. not indigenous

Rochelia[]

Genus Rochelia:[5]

  • (L.f.) K.Koch, not indigenous

Symphytum[]

Genus Symphytum:[5]

Trichodesma[]

Genus Trichodesma:[5]

  • (L.) Lehm. indigenous
  • Harv. indigenous
    • Trichodesma angustifolium Harv. subsp. angustifolium, indigenous
  • (Fenzl) A.DC. indigenous
  • Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm.f.) R.Br. indigenous

Wellstedia[]

Genus Wellstedia:[5]

  • Pilg. indigenous
    • Wellstedia dinteri Pilg. subsp. dinteri, indigenous
    • Wellstedia dinteri Pilg. var. dinteri, accepted as Pilg. subsp. dinteri, present
    • Wellstedia dinteri Pilg. var. gracilior Hunt, accepted as Pilg. subsp. gracilior (D.R.Hunt) Retief & A.E.van Wyk

Wigandia[]

Genus Wigandia:[5]

  • Wigandia caracasana Kunth, accepted as (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth var. caracasana (Kunth) Gibson, not indigenous, invasive
  • (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth var. caracasana (Kunth) Gibson, not indigenous, invasive

References[]

  1. ^ APG (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
  2. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  3. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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