List of karst areas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Karst topography is a geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite, but also in gypsum.[1] It has also been documented for weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions.[2] This is an incomplete list of the major karst landscape areas of the world.

Africa[]

Tsingy de Bemaraha, Madagascar

Madagascar[]

South Africa[]

  • Oudtshoorn, Western Cape Province, KwaZulu Natal.
  • West Rand, Gauteng and North West Province, KwaZulu Natal.

Asia[]

Phong Nha Cave in Phong Nha-Ke Bang, Vietnam

China[]

Georgia[]

  • Arabika Massif (including Voronya Cave – the world's deepest cave), Abkhazia, Georgia

India[]

Indonesia[]

Karst landscape at Rammang-Rammang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • Ajamaru Plateau, West Papua
  • , Indonesia
  • Gunung Sewu, Indonesia
  • , in the Bantimurung - Bulusaraung National Park in (Maros Regency) Indonesia, known as The Spectacular Tower Karst Area[4]
  • Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat, East Kalimantan
  • Pindul Cave, near Yogyakarta

Israel and palestine[]

Japan[]

Laos[]

Lebanon[]

Dunnieh mountains, North Lebanon

File:Halong_ensemble_(colour_corrected).jpg

Malaysia[]

  • Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysia
  • , Langkawi, Malaysia
  • Kinta Valley, Perak, Malaysia
  • , Perlis, Malaysia
  • Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia

Myanmar[]

Palestine[]

  • Ofra region, Palestinian territories

Philippines[]

  • El Nido, Palawan, Philippines
  • Coron, Palawan, Philippines
  • Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines
  • Baras, Rizal, Philippines
  • Tanay, Rizal, Philippines
  • Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines
  • Chocolate Hills, Bohol, Philippines
  • , Carles, Iloilo
  • Negros Island, Negros Oriental, Philippines
  • Virac, Catanduanes, Philippines
  • Caramoan Peninsula, Camarines Sur, Philippines
  • Cebu Province, Philippines

South Korea[]

Thailand[]

Taiwan[]

Turkey[]

Vietnam[]

Karsts in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

Europe[]

Albania[]

Austria[]

Bosnia and Herzegovina[]

Vrelo Bune, one of the largest wellsprings in the world by any measure

Karst poljes (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: kraška polja)

  • Popovo polje in Herzegovina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Livanjsko polje (405 km2 (156 sq mi)), near Livno in Završje (Tropolje) region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • , near Nevesinje in Herzegovina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Gatačko polje, near Gacko in Herzegovina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Glamočko polje, near Glamoč in Završje (Tropolje) region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • , near Duvno in Završje (Tropolje) region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • , near Mostar in Herzegovina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • , near Kupres in the border area of Završje (Tropolje) region and Bosnia (region) of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Vjetrenica (which means "wind cave" or "blowhole"), largest and most important cave
  • Neretva river
  • Trebisnjica river

Bulgaria[]

Croatia[]

  • Regions of Dalmatia, Lika (Plitvice Lakes National Park), Gorski kotar, Istria, Kvarner and the islands in Croatia
  • See also: list of caves in Croatia

Czech Republic[]

Estonia[]

France[]

Germany[]

Hungary[]

Ireland[]

  • Burren in County Clare
  • Ballydotia, near Moycullen, in Co. Galway
  • Dringeen Oughter, Lough Mask, in Co. Mayo
  • Tullyskeherny, near Manorhamilton, in Co. Leitrim

Italy[]

  • Gargano, in Apulia, northern
  • Murge, in Apulia and Basilicata, southern
  • Carso (Slovene: Kras)(German: Karst), a plateau in southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy
  • Piano Grande surrounding Castelluccio (Norcia), in the Monti Sibillini National Park
  • Montello, in Veneto, a plateau in conglomerate rock, venetian sub-alps hills

Lithuania[]

Malta[]

Montenegro[]

  • Dinaric Alps region (70% of the territory of Montenegro is Karst)

Poland[]

Portugal[]

"Mira d'Aire"'s Karst Lake, Portugal
"Mira d'Aire"'s Karst cave system, Portugal
  • Natural Park Serras d'Aire and Candeeiros

Romania[]

Serbia[]

Slovakia[]

Slovenia[]

Škocjan Caves, Slovenia

Spain[]

El Torcal (Antequera – Spain)
  • Picos de Europa and Basque mountains, northern Spain
  • Larra-Belagua, Navarre, northern Spain
  • Serra del Cadí mountain range, Spain
  • Garraf Massif Natural Park area, Spain
  • Ciudad Encantada in the province of Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
  • El Torcal de Antequera nature preserve, southern Spain
  • El , in Sevilla, southern Spain

Sweden[]

  • Various places in the limestone and marl island of Gotland, most notably the Lummelunda cave system. Depending on definition the stacks of Gotland can be classified as karst.
  • The Abisko-Torneträsk area in northern Sweden contains several cave systems developed on carbonate stata of the nappes.

Switzerland[]

  • 7,900 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi), or 19% of the surface of Switzerland, is karst, within this area lies the majority of the 7,500 currently known Swiss caves, with an accumulated passage length of more than 1,200 kilometres (750 mi).[citation needed]

Ukraine[]

  • Podolia and Bukovina regions in the northeastern edge of the Carpathian Mountains which includes some of the largest gypsum caves in the world, including the Optymistychna Cave, which is over 200,000 meters in length, making it the longest cave in Eurasia, the third longest in the world, and the longest gypsum cave in the world.[citation needed]

United Kingdom[]

England[]

N. Ireland[]

Scotland[]

Wales[]

North America[]

Canada[]

  • Marble Canyon, British Columbia
  • Monkman Provincial Park, British Columbia
  • Northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia
  • Niagara Escarpment, Ontario
  • The Napanee Limestone Plain, Ontario
  • Port au Port Peninsula, Newfoundland
  • Nahanni region in the Northwest Territories
  • Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta and the Northwest Territories
  • Avon Peninsula, Nova Scotia
  • St-Jude, Quebec

Mexico[]

United States[]

Alaska

Arizona

Florida

Illinois

Indiana

Mammoth Cave, Kentucky

Kentucky

Michigan

Missouri, Arkansas

  • Ozark Plateau of Missouri and Arkansas

Nevada

New Mexico

  • Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Oklahoma

Oregon

South Dakota

  • Black Hills (Wind Cave, Jewel Cave)

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

  • Ricks Spring in northeast Utah

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois

  • Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin, southeast Minnesota, northeast Iowa and northwest Illinois

Central America and Caribbean[]

Belize[]

Cuba[]

Dominican Republic[]

Jamaica[]

Puerto Rico[]

South America[]

Brazil[]

  • , Minas Gerais, Brazil

Chile[]

Venezuela[]

Oceania[]

Australia[]

New Zealand[]

Papua New Guinea[]

  • Nakanai Mountains, East New Britain

References[]

  1. ^ "Glossary of Cave and Karst Terms". Speleogenesis Information Network. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
  2. ^ Geomorphological Landscapes of the World.
  3. ^ "Xiaozhai Tiankeng sinkhole". Virtual Globetrotting. 3 November 2011. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
  4. ^ "Wisata Gua Salukangkallang yang Menantang". Archived from the original on January 9, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  5. ^ "Stalactite Cave Nature Reserve". Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  6. ^ Gerson, Ran (February 1974). "Karst processes of the eastern upper Galilee, Northern Israel". Journal of Hydrology. 21 (2): 131–152. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(74)90033-X.
  7. ^ Joerg Dreybrodt and Helmut Steiner, 'Karst and caves of the Shan plateau in Myanmar', November 2015.
  8. ^ Marie Starr, 'Exploring Myanmar's vast network of limestone caves', Frontier, 13 April 2018.
  9. ^ Castleton, Karst hydrology By Christian Leibundgut, John Gunn, Alain Dassargues, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 1998, ISBN 1-901502-40-6, accessed June 2009.
  10. ^ Mendip – Longest caves. Ukcaves.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-06-08.
  11. ^ Northern Dales – Longest caves. Ukcaves.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-06-08.
  12. ^ Forest Of Dean – Longest caves. Ukcaves.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-06-08.
  13. ^ Assynt – Longest caves. Ukcaves.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-06-08.
  14. ^ South Wales – Longest caves. Ukcaves.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-06-08.
  15. ^ "Cave Stream Scenic Reserve". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
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