List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans
This list ranks the world's cable-stayed bridges by the length of main span, i.e. the distance between the suspension towers. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank cable-stayed bridges. If one bridge has a longer span than another, it does not mean that the bridge is the longer from shore to shore, or from anchorage to anchorage. However, the size of the main span does often correlate with the height of the towers, and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.
Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans are generally more complex, and bridges of this type generally represent a more notable engineering achievement, even where their spans are shorter.
Cable-stayed bridges have the second-longest spans, after suspension bridges, of bridge types. They are practical for spans up to around 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). The Russky Bridge over the Eastern Bosphorus in Vladivostok, Russia, with its 1,104 metres (3,622 ft) span, has the longest span of any cable-stayed bridge, displacing the former record holder, the Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China 1,088 metres (3,570 ft) on 12 April 2012.[citation needed]
Completed cable-stayed bridges[]
This list of largest cable-stayed bridges includes all bridges with a main span of at least 500 metres (1,640 ft) in length. This list only includes bridges that carry vehicular traffic, such as automobiles or trains. It does not include suspension bridges, footbridges or pipeline bridges.
Cable-stayed bridges under construction[]
Name | span metre (m) |
Span feet (ft) |
Number of pylons |
Year to open |
Location | Country | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1176 m | 3858 ft | Changzhou - Taizhou, Jiangsu 31°58′53″N 120°00′03″E / 31.98139°N 120.00083°E |
China | [36][37] | |||
Maanshan Yangtze River Rail & Road Double Deck Bridge | 1120 m (x2) | 3675 ft | Ma'anshan, Hubei 31°35′38″N 118°23′31″E / 31.59389°N 118.39194°E |
China | [38] | ||
Gordie Howe International Bridge | 853 m | 2799 ft | Detroit to Windsor | United States/Canada | [40][41] | ||
768 m | 2520 ft | Wuxue, Hubei 29°50′34.9″N 115°30′10.7″E / 29.843028°N 115.502972°E |
China | [5] | |||
760 m | 2493 ft | Shiyan, Hubei |
China | [42] | |||
756 m | 2479 ft | Ningbo - Zhoushan, Zhejiang | China | [43] | |||
720 m | 2362 ft | Chibi City - Honghu, Hubei 29°51′10.1″N 113°34′08.3″E / 29.852806°N 113.568972°E |
China | [44] | |||
720 m | 2362 ft | Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong | China | [45] | |||
700 m | 2297 ft | Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong | China | [45] | |||
672 m | 2204 ft | Huangmei County - Jiujiang, Hubei/Jiangxi | China | [46] | |||
666 m | 2185 ft | - , Zhoushan 30°6′0.03″N 121°57′32.41″E / 30.1000083°N 121.9590028°E |
China | [47] | |||
660 m | 2165 ft | Dadukou District - Banan District, Chongqing 29°25′27.8″N 106°30′45.1″E / 29.424389°N 106.512528°E |
China | [48] | |||
658 m | 2159 ft | Xiangtan, Hunan 27°50′16.4″N 112°52′59.1″E / 27.837889°N 112.883083°E |
China | [49] | |||
600 m | 1969 ft | Jiangmen-Foshan, Guangdong 22°42′1″N 113°05′47″E / 22.70028°N 113.09639°E |
China | [50] | |||
580 m | 1903 ft | Zhongshan, Guangdong 22°32′29″N 113°38′10″E / 22.54139°N 113.63611°E |
China | ||||
580 m | 1903 ft | Foshan, Guangdong 22°59′59″N 112°50′20″E / 22.99972°N 112.83889°E |
China | [51] | |||
575 m | 1886 ft | Sichuan | China | [52] | |||
560 m | 1837 ft | Weng'an, Guizhou | China | [53][54] | |||
550 m (x2) |
1804 ft (x2) |
Zhoushan, Zhejiang | China | [55] | |||
550 m | 1804 ft | Jiulongpo District - Nan'an District, Chongqing 29°29′25.2″N 106°32′53.6″E / 29.490333°N 106.548222°E |
China | [56] | |||
530 m | 1739 ft | Jiangmen, Guangdong 22°25′2.94″N 113°4′11.92″E / 22.4174833°N 113.0699778°E |
China | [57] | |||
522 m | 1713 ft | Yibin, Sichuan | China | [58] | |||
Hongqimen Bridge | 520 m | 1706 ft | Guangzhou, Guangdong | China | [59] | ||
Harbor Bridge Project | 506.4 m | 1661 ft | Corpus Christi, Texas | United States | [60] |
Planned and proposed bridges[]
Name | Main span |
Status | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1,056 m (3,465 ft) | proposed | Hainan to Guangdong, China | The bridge will cross the Qiongzhou Strait, and include two 1408 metre suspension spans and several 1056 metre cable-stayed spans.[61] | |
Yangshan Zhoushan Bridge | 930 m (3,050 ft) | preliminary work |
Zhoushan to Yangshan, China | Sections of the bridge on Zhoushan Islands are under development |
Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge | 900 m (3,000 ft) | proposed | Bataan to Cavite, Philippines | The bridge includes a 32.15-kilometer-long, four-lane, cable-stayed bridge that will cross the Manila Bay and connect Barangay Alas-asin in Mariveles, Bataan, and Barangay Timalan, Naic, Cavite.[62] |
540 m (1,770 ft) | proposed | Balboa, Panama | Will support six vehicle lanes and the new line 3 of the Panama Metro.[63] |
Longest cable-stayed bridge decks[]
The definition of cable-stayed bridge deck length used here is: A continuous part of the bridge deck that is supported only by stay-cables and pylons, or are free spans. This means that columns supporting the side span as for example found in Pont de Normandie, excludes most of the side span decks from the cable-stayed deck length.
There are some bridges with long bridge decks whose span lengths have not been published, and therefore are missing. Extradosed bridges are not included. The thirty longest decks are:
legend |
---|
main span
multiple main spans
side spans
|
Rank | Cable-stayed deck length |
Name | Span arrangement (metres) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2,540 m (8,330 ft) | Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge[64] | 200 | 428 | 428 | 428 | 428 | 428 | 200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 2,460 m (8,070 ft) | Millau Viaduct[65] | 204 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 2,252 m (7,388 ft) | Rio-Antirio Bridge[66] | 286 | 560 | 560 | 560 | 286 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 2,016 m (6,614 ft) | Hutong Yangtze River Bridge[1] | 462 | 1092 | 462 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 1,744 m (5,722 ft) | Queensferry Crossing | 222 | 650 | 650 | 222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 1,688 m (5,538 ft) | Sutong Yangtze River Bridge | 300 | 1088 | 300 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 1,685 m (5,528 ft) | Pelješac Bridge | 130 | 285 | 285 | 285 | 285 | 285 | 130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 1,648 m (5,407 ft) | [67] | 162 | 500 | 162 | 162 | 500 | 162 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 1,552 m (5,092 ft) | Erqi Yangtze River Bridge[68] | 160 | 616 | 616 | 160 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) | Nhật Tân Bridge | 150 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) | Pingtang Bridge[69] | 200 | 550 | 550 | 200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 1,495 m (4,905 ft) | General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge[70] | 160 | 235 | 235 | 235 | 235 | 235 | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 1,470 m (4,820 ft) | Chishi Bridge | 165 | 380 | 380 | 380 | 165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 1,422 m (4,665 ft) | [6] | 308 | 806 | 308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 1,323 m (4,341 ft) | [3] | 73 | 920 | 330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 1,320 m (4,330 ft) | Incheon Bridge | 260 | 800 | 260 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | 1,312 m (4,304 ft) | Tatara Bridge | 164 | 890 | 258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 1,310 m (4,300 ft) | 275 | 760 | 275 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | 1,278 m (4,193 ft) | [4] | 170 | 828 | 280 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | 1,272 m (4,173 ft) | Russky Bridge | 84 | 1104 | 84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | 1,250 m (4,100 ft) | [71] | 156 | 938 | 156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | 1,246 m (4,088 ft) | Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge | 258 | 730 | 258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 1,240 m (4,070 ft) | Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge[72] | 230 | 780 | 230 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | 1,234 m (4,049 ft) | [73] | 148 | 938 | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | 1,212 m (3,976 ft) | Xiangshan Port Bridge | 262 | 688 | 262 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | 1,194 m (3,917 ft) | Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge[74] | 80 | 816 | 298 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | 1,190 m (3,900 ft) | [5] | 80 | 820 | 290 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | 1,178 m (3,865 ft) | Stonecutters Bridge | 80 | 1018 | 80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | 1,177 m (3,862 ft) | Ting Kau Bridge | 127 | 448 | 475 | 127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | 1,170 m (3,840 ft) | 290 | 590 | 290 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | 1,170 m (3,840 ft) | [48] | 255 | 660 | 255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | 1,158 m (3,799 ft) | Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge[75] | 255 | 648 | 255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | 1,136 m (3,727 ft) | Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge | 84 | 818 | 234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | 1,110 m (3,640 ft) | 240 | 630 | 240 |
Timeline of world record lengths[]
Many early suspension bridges included cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge Dryburgh Abbey Bridge, James Dredge's patented Victoria Bridge, Bath (1836), and the later Albert Bridge, London (1872), and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. Albert Caquot's 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over the canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development.[76] The steel-decked Strömsund Bridge designed by Franz Dischinger (1956) is therefore more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge.[77]
This list tracks the bridge having the longest cable-stayed main span through time.
- This list may be incomplete and detailed sources for pre-modern cable-stayed bridges may not be available, so the timeline might not be accurate.
Record | Name | Location | Main span: metres (feet) |
Crosses | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1871 – 1885 | Old Redheugh Bridge | Newcastle upon Tyne | 73 m (240 ft) | River Tyne | destroyed in 1885[S 47][78] |
1885 – 1891 | Uppsala | 35 m (115 ft)[79] | Fyris River | [S 48] | |
1891 – 1914 | Bluff Dale Bridge | Bluff Dale, TX | 43 m (141 ft) | Paluxy River | [S 49] |
1914 – 1922 | Ōkato | 52 m (171 ft) | footbridge[S 50][80] | ||
1922 – 1926 | Opotiki | 58 m (190 ft) | Waioeka River | [S 51] | |
1926 – 1952 | Jerez de la Frontera | 60 m (200 ft) | Guadalete River | [S 52] | |
1952 – 1956 | Pierrelatte | 81 m (266 ft) | [S 53] | ||
1956 – 1957 | Strömsund Bridge | Strömsund | 182 m (597 ft) | Ströms vattudal | [S 54] |
1957 – 1959 | Theodor Heuss Bridge | Düsseldorf | 260 m (850 ft) | Rhine | [S 55] |
1959 – 1969 | Cologne | 302 m (991 ft) | Rhine | [S 56] | |
1969 – 1971 | Düsseldorf | 319 m (1,047 ft) | Rhine | [S 57] | |
1971 – 1974 | Duisburg | 350 m (1,150 ft) | Rhine | [S 58] | |
1974 – 1983 | Saint-Nazaire Bridge | Saint-Nazaire | 404 m (1,325 ft) | Loire River | [S 59] |
1983 – 1986 | Engineer Carlos Fernández Casado Bridge | León | 440 m (1,440 ft) | [S 60] | |
1986 – 1991 | Alex Fraser Bridge | Vancouver | 465 m (1,526 ft) | Fraser River | [S 61] |
1991 – 1993 | Skarnsund Bridge | Inderøy | 530 m (1,740 ft) | Skarnsundet | [S 36] |
1993 – 1995 | Yangpu Bridge | Shanghai | 602 m (1,975 ft) | Huangpu River | [S 24] |
1995 – 1999 | Pont de Normandie | Le Havre | 856 m (2,808 ft) | Seine River | [S 7] |
1999 – 2008 | Tatara Bridge | Imabari | 890 m (2,920 ft) | Inland Sea | [S 6] |
2008 – 2012 | Sutong Bridge | Nantong - Changsu | 1,088 m (3,570 ft) | Yangtze River | [S 3] |
2012 – | Russky Bridge | Vladivostok | 1,104 m (3,622 ft) | Eastern Bosphorus | [S 1] |
See also[]
- List of spans — list of remarkable permanent wire spans
References[]
- Nicolas Janberg, Structurae.com, International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Russky Bridge".
- ^ "Hutong Bridge".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Sutong Bridge".
- ^ "Stonecutters Bridge".
- ^ "Edong Yangtze River Bridge".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Tatara Bridge".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Normandy Bridge".
- ^ "Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge".
- ^ "Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge".
- ^ "Incheon Bridge".
- ^ "Zolotoy Rog Bridge".
- ^ "Chongming North Bridge".
- ^ "Duge Bridge".
- ^ "Minpu Bridge".
- ^ "Queensferry Crossing".
- ^ "Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge".
- ^ "Wangdong Bridge".
- ^ "Tongling Road-Rail Bridge".
- ^ "Second Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge".
- ^ "Jintang Bridge".
- ^ "Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge".
- ^ "Erqi Yangtze River Bridge".
- ^ "Ching Chau Min Jiang Bridge".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Yangpu Bridge".
- ^ "Xupu Bridge".
- ^ "Meiko-Chuo Bridge".
- ^ "Taoyaomen Bridge".
- ^ "Anqing Yangtze River Rail Bridge".
- ^ "Huanggang Bridge".
- ^ "Rion-Antirion Bridge".
- ^ "中铁宝桥承建的青海海黄大桥合龙". Gcb.crec.cn (in Chinese). 11 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Sakowski, Eric. "Pingtang Bridge". HighestBridges.com. HighestBridges.com Wiki. Retrieved 31 January 2017.[unreliable source?]
- ^ "Cuu Long Bridge".
- ^ "Bukhang Bridge".
- ^ "La Pepa Bridge".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Skarnsund Bridge".
- ^ "Atlantic Bridge".
- ^ "Baluarte Bridge".
- ^ "Huangyi Bridge".
- ^ "Queshi Bridge".
- ^ "Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge".
- ^ "Anqing Yangtze River Road Bridge".
- ^ "Tianxingzhou Bridge".
- ^ "Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge".
- ^ "Kanchanaphisek Bridge".
- ^ "Sungai Johor Bridge".
- ^ "Newcastle Bridge".
- ^ "Järnbron".
- ^ "Bluff Dale Bridge".
- ^ "Kaihihi Stream Bridge".
- ^ "Tauranga Bridge".
- ^ "Tempul Aqueduct".
- ^ "Donzère-Mondragon Bridge".
- ^ "Strömsund Bridge".
- ^ "Theodor Heuss Bridge".
- ^ "Severin Bridge".
- ^ "Kniebrücke".
- ^ "Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge".
- ^ "Saint-Nazaire Bridge".
- ^ "Barrios de Luna Bridge".
- ^ "Alex Fraser Bridge".
- Others references
- ^ Jump up to: a b Zhang, Yezhi; Li, Quan; Zhang, Xiaolong (July 2016). Research on mechanical behavior of new type box girder-truss composite welded integral joints of Hutong Yangtze river rail-cum-road bridge (PDF) (in Chinese). Jrse.cn - Journal of Railway Science and Engineering. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "Shanghai-Nantong Yangtze River Bridge - Doka".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "嘉鱼长江公路大桥". Hubei.gov.cn (in Chinese). 29 December 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "挑战天堑——记建设中的池州长江大桥". Anhui-highway.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "湖北省交通投资有限公司参加长江大桥项目投资建设人投标合作单位遴选公告". Hbggzy.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "芜湖长江公路二桥塔梁斜置阻尼器采购招标公告". Anhui-highway.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Sakowski, Eric. "Yachi Bridge". HighestBridges.com. HighestBridges.com wiki. Retrieved 31 January 2015.[unreliable source?]
- ^ "Xiamen-Zhangzhou cross-sea bridge in China to open in 2013". WorldConstructionNetwork.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ^ Dunkou Bridge at Structurae. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
- ^ "万州长江三桥建设进展顺利". Brdi.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ ""广东斜拉第一桥"江顺大桥主跨合龙 预计明年6月通车". Gd.chinanews.com (in Chinese). 7 June 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "宁波象山港跨海大桥将试运营通车". Gov.cn (in Chinese). 28 December 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ^ "福州琅岐闽江大桥". Csnec.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 8 March 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "重庆丰都长江二桥顺利实现通车". Cq.gov.cn (in Chinese). 25 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "新鸭绿江大桥面临朝方设施未备困境 或推迟开通". Rfa.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "永川长江大桥工程". Fheb-xm.com (in Chinese). 14 December 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ 推广 (2020-12-24). "喜大普奔,长江五桥正式通车,江北迎来高光时刻!". finance.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
- ^ "商合杭铁路芜湖长江公铁大桥建设进展顺利". Brdi.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Sakowski, Eric. "Liuguanghe Bridge Xiqian". HighestBridges.com. HighestBridges.com wiki. Retrieved 31 January 2017.[unreliable source?]
- ^ "四川南溪仙源长江公路大桥通车 结束千年摆渡过江历史". www.chinanews.com. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ "108线禹门口黄河公路大桥正式通车运营_韩城". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-08-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ 中国新闻网 (2021-01-18). "福建沙埕湾跨海公路通道正式通车 总投资逾42亿元". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
- ^ "平潭海峡公铁两用大桥主墩基础施工进展顺利". Brdi.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "Pingtan Haixia Rail-Road Bridge to open in 2019".
- ^ "VINCI completes construction of Atlantic Bridge in Panama".
- ^ "荆州长江公铁特大桥合龙 我国首条跨江重载铁路武汉造". News.cnhubei.com (in Chinese). December 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Man-Cheol Kim, Du-Hyeun Kim, Myeong-Su Choi, Kyung-Sik Cho, Ji-San Kim, Jae-Joong Lee. Design of FCM-Anchored Hybrid Cable-Stayed Bridge in Saecheonnyeon LOT1 (PDF). Retrieved 2 February 2017.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ "Home".
- ^ Sakowski, Eric. "Hongshuihe Bridge Huiluo". HighestBridges.com. HighestBridges.com wiki. Retrieved 31 January 2017.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Construction of a by-pass road which links the Goha and Jukgyo Dong in Mokpo District (PDF) (in Korean). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "Bridge connecting Dolsan & Hwatae Island: Application of HSB500". news.LongSpanBridge.org (in Korean). March 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ ""珠海第一跨"洪鹤大桥通车_央广网". www.cnr.cn. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
- ^ "上坝夹江大桥(浦仪公路西段)正式通车_南京信息_南京市人民政府". www.nanjing.gov.cn. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
- ^ Gi-Weon Gang, In-Hwan Seo, Sang Rok Park, Woon Jeong, Kun-Young Park, Gi-Nam Kim. A Case Study on Caisson Foundation Construction of Hwayang Bridge (PDF) (in Korean). Magazine of the Korean Society of Steel Construction. Retrieved 2 February 2017.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ http://www.jshbgz.cn/ssgs/201804/P020180420340927738444.pdf[bare URL]
- ^ "常泰过江通道昨天开建,将创下3个"世界第一"!--扬子晚报网". www.yangtse.com. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ "这座长江公铁大桥今日开工!". news.sina.com.cn. 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
- ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/gordie-howe-bridge-construction-1.4842489[bare URL]
- ^ "Gordie Howe bridge will be the longest cable-stayed bridge in North America". 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ Gallagher, John (July 17, 2018). "Gov. Snyder on Gordie Howe bridge start today: 'We need this bridge'". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
- ^ "丹江口水库特大桥开始施工,十淅高速公路将全面施工_库区". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
- ^ 舟山市六横跨海大桥建设指挥部 (2017-02-23). "浙江省宁波-舟山港六横公路大桥工程勘察设计招标公告". 浙江省交通运输厅. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01.
- ^ "赤壁长江公路大桥". Hubei.gov.cn (in Chinese). 29 December 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "黄茅海跨海通道正式开工-新华网". www.gd.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ^ http://www.mbec5.com.cn/news.asp?id=12677[bare URL]
- ^ "世界跨度最大公铁合建大桥今天开工-科技新闻-中国科技网首页". www.stdaily.com. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "白居寺长江大桥桥塔基础工程完工". Yfygq.com (in Chinese). 9 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "工地上的河照样能钓鱼". En.ccccltd.cn (in Chinese). 8 December 2016. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "南沙港铁路跨西江大桥新进展".
- ^ ""佛山第一桥"富龙西江特大桥动工 ,预计2022年底完工". 佛山日报.
- ^ "世界最长跨径悬浇拱桥动工 古金高速四川段建设全面铺开". sc.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ^ "遵义至余庆县的遵余高速召开乌江、湘江特大桥施工图设计审查会". 雪花新闻. 2018-08-02. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ "遵余高速瓮安段 湘江特大桥建设如火如荼_腾讯视频". v.qq.com. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ "主通道主通航孔桥施工转入"可视化"阶段_宁波舟山港". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ "九龙半岛和茶园片区 将有黄桷坪大桥连接". Cqwb.com.cn (in Chinese). 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "【奔走相告】从三江直通双水!银洲湖特大桥预计通车时间是……_施工". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ www.ztmbec.com http://www.ztmbec.com/tabid/3075/InfoID/131393/frtid/3052/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2019-04-02. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ^ "南中高速将与深中通道无缝对接,洪奇门特大桥主墩建设进入可视化施工_中铁大桥局". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ https://www.caller.com/story/news/2019/11/15/txdot-tells-harbor-bridge-contractor-suspend-design-work-project/4196735002/. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ^ "琼州海峡公铁两用通道". Brdi.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "T.Y. Lin International Wins Detailed Design Engineering Bid for Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge in the Philippines". T.Y. Lin International Group. 2 October 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ^ "T.Y. Lin International wins program management contract for 4th bridge over the Panama Canal". T.Y. Lin International Group. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Rengui, Wang; Daojin, Lin. "The Design and Construction for Steel Box Girder of Jiashao Bridge". Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "Chiffres clés". leViaducdeMillau.com (in French). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "Design & Construction". Gefyra.gr. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Zhou, Lingyu; Li, Huayong; Wei, Jun; Pu, Xingxu; Mahunon, Akim D.; Jiang, Liqiang (2020-06-30). "Design and Simulation Analysis of a New Type of Assembled UHPC Collision Avoidance". Applied Sciences. 10 (13): 4555. doi:10.3390/app10134555. ISSN 2076-3417.
- ^ Study on Space Nonlinear FE Model of Composite Beam Cable-Stayed Bridge with Three Towers
- ^ "Pingtang Bridge plan". Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Structurae.de: General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge
- ^ "世界最大哑铃型承台首层混凝土浇筑完成". Ztmbec.com - China Railway Major Bridge Engireering Group Co., LTD (in Chinese). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ 厦漳跨海大桥钢箱梁斜拉桥中、边跨合龙施工技术
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328888060_Vortex-Induced_Vibration_Optimization_of_a_Wide_Streamline_Box_Girder_by_Wind_Tunnel_Test[bare URL]
- ^ "Jingyue Bridge plan". Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ Construction Perspectives of Yangtze River Bridges in Jiangsu Province Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Troyano, Leonardo (2003). Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective. Thomas Telford. pp. 650–652. ISBN 0-7277-3215-3.
- ^ The Design of Modern Steel Bridges, p. 183, Chapter 7: Cable-stayed Bridges.
- ^ "Old Redheugh Bridge 1, Newcastle". BridgesOnTheTyne.co.uk. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ^ "Järnbron". Wikimapia.org. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
- ^ "Kaihihi Stream Bridge - 1913-14". Ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Further reading[]
- Podolny, Jr., Walter; Goodyear, David (2006). "Cable-suspended bridges". In Roger L. Brockenbrough (ed.). Structural steel designer's handbook: AISC, AASHTO, AISI, ASTM, AREMA, and ASCE-07 design standards (4 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 15.23–15.27. ISBN 0071432183. — includes a list of major cable-stayed bridges by length
- Chatterjee, Sukhen (1991). The Design of Modern Steel Bridges. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-632-05511-1.
- Wai-Fah, Chen; Lian, Duan (2013). Handbook of International Bridge Engineering. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1029-3.
- Ewert, Sven (2003). John Wiley & Sons (ed.). Brucken. ISBN 3-433-01612-7.
- Cable-stayed bridges
- Lists of bridges
- Lists by length
- Longest things
- Lists of construction records
- Lists of largest buildings and structures