List of wars involving England
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This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1708, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom.
10th and 11th centuries[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
927 | 937 | Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland | Stalemate | ||
946 | 954 | Earl of Bamburgh | Northumbria | Victory
| |
1066 | 1088 | Norman Conquest of England | Duchy of Normandy | Defeat
| |
1067 | 1081 | Norman invasion of Wales | Welsh kingdoms | Defeat
| |
1096 | 1099 | First Crusade | Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of France
Duchy of Apulia
Byzantine Empire
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia |
Great Seljuq Empire
Danishmends
Fatimids
Almoravids
Abbasids |
Victory
|
12th century[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
1135 | 1154 | The Anarchy | Supporters of Stephen of Blois | Supporters of Empress Matilda and Henry Curtmantle | Treaty of Wallingford
|
1145 | 1149 | Second Crusade | Kingdom of England (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of Jerusalem (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of France (Iberian and Holy Land Crusade)
Holy Roman Empire (Wendish and Holy Land Crusade)
Kingdom of Portugal (Iberian Crusade)
Castile (Iberian Crusade)
County of Barcelona (Iberian Crusade)
León (Iberian Crusade)
Byzantine Empire (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of Denmark (Wendish Crusade)
Duchy of Poland (Wendish Crusade)
Kingdom of Sicily (Holy land Crusade) |
Sultanate of Rum (Holy Land Crusade)
Almoravids (Iberian Crusade)
Almohads (Iberian Crusade)
Zengids (Holy Land Crusade)
Abbasids (Holy Land Crusade)
Fatimids (Holy Land Crusade)
Obotrite Confederacy (Wendish Crusade) |
Victory
|
1173 | 1174 | Revolt of 1173–74 | English royalists | English rebels Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland County of Flanders County of Boulogne Duchy of Brittany |
Treaty of Falaise
|
1189 | 1192 | Third Crusade | Kingdom of Jerusalem France Holy Roman Empire | Ayyubids
Zengids
Sultanate of Rum
Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Sicily |
Treaty of Ramla
|
13th century[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
1213 | 1214 | Anglo-French War (1213–1214) | Holy Roman Empire County of Flanders County of Boulogne | France | Defeat
|
1215 | 1217 | First Barons' War | Pro-Angevin forces | Rebel Barons France | Angevinian victory |
1242 | 1242 | Saintonge War | France | French victory | |
1264 | 1267 | Second Barons' War | English royalists | Rebel barons | Royalist victory |
1271 | 1272 | Ninth Crusade | Kingdom of Cyprus
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Ilkhanate
Armenian Cilicia |
Mamluks | Stalemate |
1277 | 1283 | Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England | Principality of Wales | English victory | |
1294 | 1303 | Anglo-French War | France | Treaty of Paris
| |
1296 | 1328 | First War of Scottish Independence | Kingdom of Scotland
France
Connacht
Thomond
Uí Maine
Tyrconnell
Breifne O'Rourke
Oriel
Desmond
Magh Luirg |
Allied Scottish Victory |
14th century[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
1321 | 1322 | Despenser War | Marcher Lords | Royalist victory | |
1324 | 1324 | War of Saint-Sardos | France | French victory | |
1332 | 1357 | Second War of Scottish Independence | Kingdom of Scotland | Allied Scottish Victory | |
1337 | 1453 | Hundred Years' War | Duchy of Burgundy
Duchy of Brittany (Montfort)
Portugal
Navarre
Flanders
Hainaut
Luxembourg
Holy Roman Empire |
France
Castile
Scotland
Genoa
Majorca
Bohemia
Aragon
Brittany (Blois) |
English victory in the Edwardian War French victory in the Caroline War and the Lancastrian War |
1377 | 1575 | Anglo-Scottish Wars | Scotland | Stalemate | |
1381 | 1382 | Third Ferdinand War | Portugal | Castile | Castillian victory |
1383 | 1385 | 1383–85 Crisis | Portugal Kingdom of England |
Crown of Castile Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon |
Victory |
15th century[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
1400 | 1415 | Glyndŵr RisingPart of the Hundred Years' War | Welsh rebels Kingdom of France |
Total English victory | |
1455 | 1485 | Wars of the Roses | House of Lancaster House of Tudor Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of France |
House of York Burgundian State |
Lancastrian victory, founding of the House of Tudor |
1470 | 1474 | Anglo-Hanseatic War | Kingdom of England | Hanseatic League | Defeat, Hanseatic victory |
1496 | 1498 | Italian War of 1494–1498 (1494–1498) |
League of Venice: Papal States |
Kingdom of France | Victory
|
1497 | 1497 | Cornish Rebellion of 1497 | Cornish rebels | English victory |
16th century[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
1512 | 1514 | War of the League of Cambrai | Papal States Venice Holy Roman Empire Spain | France
Duchy of Ferrara
Scotland |
French and Venetian victory |
1522 | 1525 | Italian War of 1521–26 | Papal States
Holy Roman Empire Spain |
France
Venice |
Victory |
1528 | 1529 | War of the League of Cognac | France Papal States Venice Florence Duchy of Milan | Spain
Holy Roman Empire
Republic of Genoa |
Defeat, Imperial-Spanish victory |
1542 | 1546 | Italian War of 1542–46 | Holy Roman Empire
Spain
Saxony
Brandenburg |
France Ottoman Empire | Inconclusive |
1543 | 1550 | Rough Wooing | Kingdom of England | Scotland
France |
Defeat, Treaty of Norham, French-Scottish victory |
1549 | 1549 | Prayer Book Rebellion | Southwestern Catholics | Edwardian victory | |
1556 | 1559 | Italian War of 1551–59
|
Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Florence | France
Republic of Siena
Ottoman Empire |
Defeat, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, Loss of Calais |
1562 | 1563 | English expedition to France (1562-1563) | Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise | France | Defeat, Treaty of Troyes (1564), Elizabeth I accepts French rule over Pale of Calais in exchange for 120,000 Crowns. |
1562 | 1598 | French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) |
Protestants: Huguenots England |
Catholics: Catholic League Spain Duchy of Savoy |
Victory
|
1566 | 1648 | Eighty Years' War | Dutch Republic
France
Huguenots
German Protestants |
Holy Roman Empire
Spain |
Victory
Peace of Münster, independent Netherlands |
1569 | 1573 | First Desmond Rebellion | Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland allied Irish clans |
FitzGeralds of Desmond allied Irish clans |
Victory |
1579 | 1583 | Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) |
Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland allied Irish clans |
FitzGeralds of Desmond Spain Papal States allied Irish clans |
Victory
|
1580 | 1583 | War of the Portuguese Succession | Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato France | Spain Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain | Defeat
|
1585 | 1604 | Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) | United Provinces
France
Portuguese loyal to Prior of Crato
French Huguenot forces |
Spain
French Catholic League
Irish alliance
Order of Saint John |
Stalemate
|
1594 | 1603 | Nine Years' War (Ireland) | Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland |
Alliance of Irish clans Spain | Victory
|
17th century[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
1602 | 1661 | Dutch-Portuguese War (1602–1661) | Dutch Republic Kingdom of England (until 1640) Johor Sultanate Kingdom of Kandy Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of Ndongo |
Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile (until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Potiguara Tupis |
Treaty of Hague
|
1625 | 1630 | Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630) | England Support: |
Spain | Status quo ante bellum
|
1627 | 1629 | Anglo-French War (1627–1629) | England | France | French victory |
1639 | 1653 | Bishops' Wars (1639–1640) | Scottish Royalists England |
Scottish Covenanters | Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England. |
1640 | 1668 | Portuguese Restoration War | Kingdom of Portugal France England |
Crown of Spain | Victory
|
1641 | 1653 | Irish Confederate Wars | Parliamentarians | Irish Catholic Confederation (allied with Royalists 1648–1650) English and Scottish Royalists |
English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland, defeat of Royalists and crushing of Irish Catholic power |
1642 | 1651 | English Civil War | Parliamentarians | Royalists | Parliamentarian victory
|
1652 | 1654 | First Anglo-Dutch War | Commonwealth of England | Dutch Republic | Victory |
1654 | 1660 | Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) | Commonwealth of England France (1657–59) |
Spain Royalists of the British Isles |
Victory |
1665 | 1667 | Second Anglo-Dutch War | England Bishopric of Münster |
Dutch Republic Denmark France |
Defeat
|
1672 | 1674 | Third Anglo-Dutch War | England France Bishopric of Münster Electorate of Cologne |
Dutch Republic Denmark-Norway |
Defeat
|
1672 | 1678 | Franco-Dutch War | France England Sweden Bishopric of Münster Archbishopric of Cologne |
Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Spain Denmark-Norway Electorate of Brandenburg |
Peace between France, England and the Dutch Republic:
|
1685 | 1685 | Monmouth Rebellion | Royal army of James II | Rebel army of Duke of Monmouth | Victory for James II |
1687 | 1688 | Anglo-Siamese War | England East India Company |
Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam) (with help from French mercenaries) |
Inconclusive. English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all foreign trade in Siam for 150 years. |
1688 | 1697 | Nine Years' War | Grand Alliance: Dutch Republic England Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Savoy Swedish Empire (until 1691) Scotland |
France Jacobites |
|
18th century[]
Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allies | Enemies | ||||
1701 | 1714 | War of the Spanish Succession | Austrian monarchy England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707) Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Piedmont-Savoy Prussia Habsburg Spain Portugal |
France Spanish monarchy Bavaria (~1704) Cologne Mantua (~1708) |
|
List of civil wars[]
- Rebellion of 1088 – in England and Normandy
- The Anarchy (1135–54) – in England
- Revolt of 1173–74 – in England, Normandy, and Anjou
- First Barons' War (1215–17) – in England
- Second Barons' War (1264–67) – in England
- Welsh Uprising (1282) – in England and Wales
- Peasants' Revolt (1381) – in England
- Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) – in England and Wales; Richard III was the last English king to die in combat
- Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) – in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
- First Bishops' War (1639)
- Second Bishops' War (1640)
- Irish Rebellion of 1641
- First English Civil War (1642–46)
- The Confederates' War (1642–48)
- Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47)
- Second English Civil War (1648)
- Third English Civil War (1650–51)
- Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649)
- Monmouth Rebellion (1685) – in England
- Jacobite Rebellions (1689–91; 1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) – in England, Scotland and Ireland
- Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91)
- Battle of the Boyne (1690) – last battle between two rival claimants for the throne
See also[]
- List of wars in Great Britain
- Military history of England
- List of wars involving England and France
- List of wars involving the United Kingdom
References[]
- ^ Geoffrey Parker p. 73
Further reading[]
- Barnett, Correlli. Britain and her army, 1509-1970: a military, political and social survey (1970).
- Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
- Chandler, David G., and Ian Frederick William Beckett, eds. The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003).
- Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660-1936 (1936). online
- Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970.
- Sheppard, Eric William. A short history of the British army (1950). online
Historiography[]
- Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp 55–74; annotated guide to most important books.
- Wars involving England
- Lists of wars by country
- English history-related lists
- Military history of England
- Kingdom of England-related lists
- United Kingdom military-related lists