List of wars involving England

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This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1708, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom.

10th and 11th centuries[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
927 937 Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland
Stalemate
946 954 Earl of Bamburgh
Northumbria
Victory
  • Northumbria becomes absorbed by the Kingdom of England
1066 1088 Norman Conquest of England Arms of William the Conqueror (1066-1087).svg Duchy of Normandy Defeat
  • Norman Victory
  • England becomes absorbed by the Duchy of Normandy
1067 1081 Norman invasion of Wales Welsh kingdoms Defeat
  • Forced Norman Retreat
1096 1099 First Crusade Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of France
Duchy of Apulia
Byzantine Empire

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Great Seljuq Empire
Danishmends
Fatimids
Almoravids

Abbasids

Victory
  • Recapture of Nicaea
  • Formation of the Crusader States

12th century[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1135 1154 The Anarchy Supporters of Stephen of Blois Supporters of Empress Matilda and Henry Curtmantle Treaty of Wallingford
  • Henry would do homage to Stephen, in return Stephen promised Henry would become King of England upon his death
1145 1149 Second Crusade Kingdom of England (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of Jerusalem (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of France (Iberian and Holy Land Crusade)
Holy Roman Empire (Wendish and Holy Land Crusade)
Kingdom of Portugal (Iberian Crusade)
Castile (Iberian Crusade)
County of Barcelona (Iberian Crusade)
León (Iberian Crusade)
Byzantine Empire (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of Denmark (Wendish Crusade)
Duchy of Poland (Wendish Crusade)

Kingdom of Sicily (Holy land Crusade)

Sultanate of Rum (Holy Land Crusade)
Flag of Morocco 1073 1147.svg Almoravids (Iberian Crusade)
Flag of Morocco (1147-1269).svg Almohads (Iberian Crusade)
Zengids (Holy Land Crusade)
Abbasid banner.svg Abbasids (Holy Land Crusade)
Fatimids (Holy Land Crusade)

Banner of Wends.png Obotrite Confederacy (Wendish Crusade)

Victory
  • Crusader Victory in Iberian and Wendish Crusades
  • Muslim Victory in the Holy Land
1173 1174 Revolt of 1173–74 Royal Arms of England (1154-1189).svg English royalists English rebels
Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Scotland
County of Flanders
County of Boulogne
Duchy of Brittany
Treaty of Falaise
  • Scotland cedes the castles of Roxburgh, Berwick, Jedburgh, Edinburgh, and Stirling over to English soldiers
  • William is forced to recognize Henry's overlordship
1189 1192 Third Crusade Kingdom of Jerusalem
Flag of France (XII-XIII).svg France
War flag of the Holy Roman Empire (1200-1350).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of Hungary (late 12th century).svg Kingdom of Hungary

Ayyubids
Zengids
Sultanate of Rum
Byzantine Empire

Kingdom of Sicily

Treaty of Ramla
  • Partial Crusader victory

13th century[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1213 1214 Anglo-French War (1213–1214) Shield and Coat of Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (c.1200-c.1300).svg Holy Roman Empire
Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg County of Flanders
Blason Courtenay.svg County of Boulogne
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France Defeat
  • Collapse of the Angevin Empire
1215 1217 First Barons' War Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg Pro-Angevin forces Rebel Barons
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France

Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg Kingdom of Scotland

Angevinian victory
1242 1242 Saintonge War Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France French victory
1264 1267 Second Barons' War Royal Arms of England.svg English royalists Rebel barons Royalist victory
1271 1272 Ninth Crusade Armoiries Chypre.svg Kingdom of Cyprus
Armoiries de Jérusalem.svg Kingdom of Jerusalem
Armoiries Bohémond VI d'Antioche.svg County of Tripoli
Ilkhanate

Armoiries Héthoumides.svg Armenian Cilicia

Mameluke Flag.svg Mamluks Stalemate
1277 1283 Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England Arms of Llywelyn.svg Principality of Wales English victory
1294 1303 Anglo-French War Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France Treaty of Paris
  • Edward's son marries Philip the 4th's daughter
1296 1328 First War of Scottish Independence Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg Kingdom of Scotland
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France
Connacht
Thomond
Uí Maine
Arms of the house of O'Donnel (ancient).svg Tyrconnell
Breifne O'Rourke
Oriel
Desmond

Magh Luirg

Allied Scottish Victory

14th century[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1321 1322 Despenser War Marcher Lords Royalist victory
1324 1324 War of Saint-Sardos Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France French victory
1332 1357 Second War of Scottish Independence Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg Kingdom of Scotland

Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg France

Allied Scottish Victory
1337 1453 Hundred Years' War Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg Duchy of Burgundy
COA fr BRE.svg Duchy of Brittany (Montfort)
PortugueseFlag1248.svg Portugal
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Navarre
Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg Flanders
Hainaut Modern Arms.svg Hainaut
Luxembourg

 Holy Roman Empire

Arms of France (France Moderne).svg France
Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Castile
Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg Scotland
Flag of Genoa.svg Genoa
Armoiries Majorque.svg Majorca
Flag of Bohemia.svg Bohemia
Estandarte de la Corona de Aragon.svg Aragon

COA fr BRE.svg Brittany (Blois)

English victory in the Edwardian War
French victory in the Caroline War and the Lancastrian War
1377 1575 Anglo-Scottish Wars Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg Scotland Stalemate
1381 1382 Third Ferdinand War PortugueseFlag1385.svg Portugal Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg Castile Castillian victory
1383 1385 1383–85 Crisis PortugueseFlag1385.svg Portugal
Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg Kingdom of England
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg Crown of Castile
Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
Aragon arms.svg Crown of Aragon
Victory

15th century[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1400 1415 Glyndŵr Rising
Part of the Hundred Years' War
Arms of Owain Glyndŵr.svg Welsh rebels
Arms of France (France Moderne).svg Kingdom of France
Total English victory
1455 1485 Wars of the Roses Red Rose Badge of Lancaster.svg House of Lancaster
Tudor Rose.svg House of Tudor
Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg Kingdom of Scotland
Arms of France (France Moderne).svg Kingdom of France
Yorkshire rose.svg House of York
Arms of the Duke of Burgundy since 1430.svg Burgundian State
Lancastrian victory, founding of the House of Tudor
1470 1474 Anglo-Hanseatic War  Kingdom of England Hanseatic League Defeat, Hanseatic victory
1496 1498 Italian War of 1494–1498
(1494–1498)
League of Venice:

 Papal States
 Republic of Venice
 Kingdom of Naples
Kingdoms of Spain
Duchy of Milan
 Holy Roman Empire
 Republic of Florence
Duchy of Mantua
 Kingdom of England (from 1496)

 Kingdom of France Victory
  • Forced French retreat
1497 1497 Cornish Rebellion of 1497 Cornish rebels English victory

16th century[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1512 1514 War of the League of Cambrai Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Flag of Most Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of New Spain.svg Spain

Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Swiss mercenaries

Pavillon royal de la France.png France
Coat of arms of the House of Este (1471).svg Duchy of Ferrara

Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland

French and Venetian victory
1522 1525 Italian War of 1521–26 Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States

Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of New Spain.svg Spain
Pavillon royal de la France.png France

Flag of Most Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice

Victory
1528 1529 War of the League of Cognac Pavillon royal de la France.png France
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Flag of Most Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice
Flag of Florence.svg Florence
Flag of Milan.svg Duchy of Milan
Flag of New Spain.svg Spain
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa

Defeat, Imperial-Spanish victory
1542 1546 Italian War of 1542–46 Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of New Spain.svg Spain
Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg Saxony

Wappen Mark Brandenburg.png Brandenburg

Pavillon royal de la France.png France
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg Ottoman Empire

Armoiries Guillaume de Clèves.png Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Inconclusive
1543 1550 Rough Wooing  Kingdom of England Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland

Pavillon royal de la France.png France

Defeat, Treaty of Norham, French-Scottish victory
1549 1549 Prayer Book Rebellion Southwestern Catholics Edwardian victory
1556 1559 Italian War of 1551–59
  • Anglo-French War (1557-1559)
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of New Spain.svg Spain
Medici Flag of Tuscany.png Duchy of Florence

Savoie flag.svg Duchy of Savoy

Pavillon royal de la France.png France
Siena-Stemma.png Republic of Siena

Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg Ottoman Empire

Defeat, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, Loss of Calais
1562 1563 English expedition to France (1562-1563) Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise Pavillon royal de la France.png France
Defeat, Treaty of Troyes (1564), Elizabeth I accepts French rule over Pale of Calais in exchange for 120,000 Crowns.
1562 1598 French Wars of Religion
(1562–1598)
Protestants:
Croix huguenote.svg Huguenots
 England
Catholics:
Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg Catholic League
Spain Spain
 Duchy of Savoy
Victory
  • Uneasy truce
  • The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas
  • Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic
  • Failure of France's enemies to weaken France and to gain territories
1566 1648 Eighty Years' War Prinsenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg France
Huguenots

German Protestants

Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of New Spain.svg Spain

Victory

Peace of Münster, independent Netherlands

1569 1573 First Desmond Rebellion  Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland
allied Irish clans
St Patrick's saltire.svg FitzGeralds of Desmond
allied Irish clans
Victory
1579 1583 Second Desmond Rebellion
(1579–1583)
 Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland
allied Irish clans
St Patrick's saltire.svg FitzGeralds of Desmond
 Spain
 Papal States
allied Irish clans
Victory
  • Famine throughout Munster
  • Plantation of Munster
1580 1583 War of the Portuguese Succession Portugal Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato
 France

 United Provinces

Spain Spain
Portugal Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain
Defeat
  • Decisive Spanish victory
  • Philip of Spain crowned King of Portugal[1]
1585 1604 Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)  United Provinces
 France
Portugal Portuguese loyal to Prior of Crato

French Huguenot forces

Spain Spain
French Catholic League
O'Neill Clan.png Irish alliance

Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John

Stalemate
1594 1603 Nine Years' War (Ireland)  Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland
O'Neill Clan.png Alliance of Irish clans
Spain Spain

Scottish Gaelic mercenaries

Victory

17th century[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1602 1661 Dutch-Portuguese War (1602–1661)  Dutch Republic
 Kingdom of England
(until 1640)
Johor Johor Sultanate
Kingdom of Kandy
Kingdom of Kongo
Kingdom of Ndongo
Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
 Crown of Castile
(until 1640)
Kingdom of Cochin
Potiguara Tupis
Treaty of Hague
1625 1630 Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)  England

Support:

Spain Spain Status quo ante bellum
1627 1629 Anglo-French War (1627–1629)  England  France French victory
1639 1653 Bishops' Wars (1639–1640) Scottish Royalists
England England
Scottish Covenanters Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England.
1640 1668 Portuguese Restoration War Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
 France
 England
Spain Crown of Spain Victory
1641 1653 Irish Confederate Wars Parliamentarians Irish Catholic Confederation
(allied with Royalists 1648–1650)

English and Scottish Royalists
(allied with Irish Confederates 1648–1650)

English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland, defeat of Royalists and crushing of Irish Catholic power
1642 1651 English Civil War Parliamentarians Royalists Parliamentarian victory
  • Execution of King Charles I
  • Exile of Charles II
  • Establishment of the republican Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
1652 1654 First Anglo-Dutch War  Commonwealth of England  Dutch Republic Victory

Treaty of Westminster

1654 1660 Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)  Commonwealth of England
 France (1657–59)
Spain Spain
Royal Standard of Great Britain (1603-1649).svg Royalists of the British Isles
Victory
  • Treaties of Madrid (1667 and 1670).
  • Acquisition of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk and Mardyck by the Commonwealth of England
1665 1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War  England
Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster.svg Bishopric of Münster
 Dutch Republic
Denmark Denmark
 France
Defeat
1672 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War  England
 France
Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster.svg Bishopric of Münster
Black St George's Cross.svg Electorate of Cologne
 Dutch Republic
Denmark Denmark-Norway
Defeat

Status quo ante bellum:

1672 1678 Franco-Dutch War  France
 England
 Sweden
Bishopric of Münster
Archbishopric of Cologne
 Dutch Republic
 Holy Roman Empire
 Spain
Denmark Denmark-Norway
Wappen Mark Brandenburg.png Electorate of Brandenburg

Peace between France, England and the Dutch Republic:

1685 1685 Monmouth Rebellion Kingdom of England Royal army of James II Rebel army of Duke of Monmouth Victory for James II
1687 1688 Anglo-Siamese War Kingdom of England England
British East India Company flag.svg East India Company
Thailand Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam)
(with help from French mercenaries)
Inconclusive. English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all foreign trade in Siam for 150 years.
1688 1697 Nine Years' War Grand Alliance:
 Dutch Republic
 England
 Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spanish Empire
 Duchy of Savoy
Flag of Sweden.svg Swedish Empire (until 1691)
 Scotland
 France
Jacobite Standard (1745).svg Jacobites
  • Treaty of Ryswick
  • Louis XIV recognises William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland.

18th century[]

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1701 1714 War of the Spanish Succession Austrian Empire Austrian monarchy
Kingdom of England England (until 1707)
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (from 1707)
Dutch Republic Dutch Republic
Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire
Savoy Piedmont-Savoy
Kingdom of Prussia Prussia
Habsburg Spain
 Portugal
 France
Spain Spanish monarchy
Bavaria (~1704)
Cologne
Mantua Mantua (~1708)

List of civil wars[]

  1. Rebellion of 1088 – in England and Normandy
  2. The Anarchy (1135–54) – in England
  3. Revolt of 1173–74 – in England, Normandy, and Anjou
  4. First Barons' War (1215–17) – in England
  5. Second Barons' War (1264–67) – in England
  6. Welsh Uprising (1282) – in England and Wales
  7. Peasants' Revolt (1381) – in England
  8. Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) – in England and Wales; Richard III was the last English king to die in combat
  9. Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) – in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
  10. Monmouth Rebellion (1685) – in England
  11. Jacobite Rebellions (1689–91; 1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) – in England, Scotland and Ireland

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Geoffrey Parker p. 73

Further reading[]

  • Barnett, Correlli. Britain and her army, 1509-1970: a military, political and social survey (1970).
  • Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
  • Chandler, David G., and Ian Frederick William Beckett, eds. The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003).
  • Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660-1936 (1936). online
  • Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970.
  • Sheppard, Eric William. A short history of the British army (1950). online

Historiography[]

  • Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp 55–74; annotated guide to most important books.
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