National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with National People's Congress.

National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
中国共产党全国代表大会
Logo
Chinese Communist Party emblem
Type
Type
Party meeting
Term limits
Five years
Leadership
Authority
Jurisdiction
Chinese Communist Party
Meeting place
China Senate House.jpg
Great Hall of the People
Beijing, China
Website
en.people.cn/206235//
Politics of China
National Emblem of the People's Republic of China (2).svg
Leadership
Leadership generations
Succession of power
National leaders
Orders of precedence
Related systems
Communist Party
History
Constitution
Organization
  • Provincial committee
    • Standing committee
      Secretary
      Deputy secretaries
United Front
Historical parties:
Ideology
Legislative
Presidency
Executive
Military
Military history
Supervision
  • Corruption in China
    • Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
  • Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
  • Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
  • Judiciary
  • Law enforcement
  • Urban Management (chengguan)
Propaganda
  • Censorship in China
    • Radio jamming
    • Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
  • Media of China
    • Internal media
  • Publishing industry in China
  • Hong Kong
  • Macau
  • Hong Kong Basic Law
  • Chief Executive: Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor
    • Hong Kong SAR Government
  • Politics of Hong Kong
    • Independence movement
  • Mainland & HK CEPA
Cross-Strait relations
Foreign relations
  • Chinese nationality law
  • Chinese passports (Hong Kong; Macau)
  • Visa requirements for Chinese citizens (Hong Kong, Macau)
  • Visa policy of China (Hong Kong; Macau)
  • National Immigration Administration
  • Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
  • Panda diplomacy
  • Beijing Consensus
  • Sino-British Joint Declaration
  • One country, two systems
  • China and the United Nations
  • China and the World Trade Organization
  • Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Related topics
  • Administrative divisions
  • Hukou system
  • Family planning
  • Ethnic minorities
  • Communism
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China portal
  • Other countries
  • v
  • t

The National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (NCCCP; Chinese: 中国共产党全国代表大会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì; literally: Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress) is a party congress that is held every five years. The National Congress is theoretically the highest body within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Since 1987 the National Congress has been held in the months of October or November. The venue for the event, beginning in 1956, is the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The Congress is the public venue for top-level leadership changes in the CCP and the formal event for changes to the Party's Constitution. In the past two decades the National Congress of the CCP has been pivotal at least as a symbolic part of leadership changes, and therefore has gained international media attention.

The Congress formally approves the membership of the Central Committee, a body composed of the top decision-makers in the party, state, and society. In practice, however, only slightly more candidates than open seats are nominated for the Central Committee, limiting the Congress's role in the selection process to eliminating very unpopular candidates. Each five-year cycle of the National People's Congress also has a series of plenums of the Central Committee which since the mid-1990s have been held more or less regularly once every year.

From the mid-1980s to the late-2010s, the CCP has attempted to maintain a smooth and orderly succession and avoiding a cult of personality, by having a major shift in personnel every ten years in even number party congresses, and by promoting people in preparation for this shift in odd number party congresses. In addition, as people at the top level of the party retire, there is room for younger members of the party to move up one level. Hence the party congress is a time of a general personnel reshuffle, and the climax of negotiations that involve not only the top leadership but practically all significant political positions in China. Because of the pyramid structure of the party and the existence of mandatory retirement ages, cadres who are not promoted at a party congress are likely to face the end of their political careers.

Similar to the practice of the NPC, the delegates to the Congress are formally selected from grassroots party organizations, and like the NPC, there is a system of staggered elections in which one level of the party votes for the delegates to the next higher level. For the National Congress, delegates are elected by the CCP's provincial level party congresses or their equivalent units in a selection process that is screened and supervised by the party's Organization Department as directed by the Politburo Standing Committee.[1]

Keys[]

Abbreviations
CC Central Committee
CCDI Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
FM Full member (a member with voting rights).
AM Alternate member (a member without voting rights).
VD Voting delegate (a delegate who can vote).
AD Alternate delegate (a delegate who cannot vote).
DU Data unavailable.
SID Specially invited delegate (a party member who has retired, but giving ordinary delegate rights).
Political Report Political Report to the Central Committee, a document which briefs delegates about the period since the last congress and future work.
Constitution Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, the fundamental governing document of the CCP. Formerly known as the Charter.
PMR Party members represented at the congress by delegates (the party membership at the time).

Convocations[]

Congress Duration
(start—end) 		Delegates Electoral
units 		Elected Political Report
(presented by) 		Constitution
(changes) 		PMR
CC CCDI
1st National Congress
8 days
None 		23–31 July 1921 12 7 — — Chen Duxiu —
[note 1] 		50
2nd National Congress
7 days
CC consultations 		16–23 July 1922 12 DU 5 FM
–
3 AM 		— Chen Duxiu 1st Charter 195
3rd National Congress
8 days
CC appointments 		12–20 June 1923 ~30 DU 9 FM
–
5 AM 		— Chen Duxiu Amendment 420
4th National Congress
11 days
CC appointments 		11–22 January 1925 20 DU 9 FM
–
5 AM 		— Chen Duxiu Amendment 994
5th National Congress
13 days
1927 election 		27 April–9 May 1927 ~80 11 22 FM
–
14 AM 		— Chen Duxiu Amendment
[note 2] 		57,967
6th National Congress
23 days
1928 election 		18 June–11 July 1928 84 VD
–
34 AD 		17 14 FM
–
13 AM 		— Qu Qiubai 2nd Charter 130,194
7th National Congress
49 days
1939–1945 election 		23 April–11 June 1945 544 VD
–
208 AD 		8 44 FM
–
33 AM 		— Mao Zedong 3rd Constitution 1,210,000
8th National Congress
30 days
1955–1956 election 		15–27 September 1956
–
5–23 May 1958 		1,026 VD
–
86 AD 		31 97 FM
–
73 AM 		— Liu Shaoqi 4th Constitution 10,730,000
9th National Congress
23 days
1968–1969 election 		1–24 April 1969 1,512 DU 170 FM
–
109 AM 		— Lin Biao 5th Constitution 22,000,000
10th National Congress
4 days
1972–1973 election 		24–28 August 1973 1,249 DU 194 FM
–
124 AM 		— Zhou Enlai 6th Constitution 28,000,000
11th National Congress
6 days
1976–1977 election 		12–18 August 1977 1,510 DU 201 FM
–
132 AM 		— Hua Guofeng Amendment 35,000,000
12th National Congress
6 days
1981–1982 election 		1–11 September 1982 1,600 VD
–
149 AD 		DU 210 FM
–
138 AM 		132 Hu Yaobang 7th Constitution 39,000,000
13th National Congress
8 days
1986–1987 election 		25 October–1 November 1987 1,936 VD
–
61 SID 		33 175 FM
–
110 AM 		69 Zhao Ziyang Amendment 46,000,000
14th National Congress
6 days
1991–1992 election 		12–18 October 1992 1,989 VD
–
46 SID 		34 189 FM
–
130 AM 		108 Jiang Zemin Amendment 51,000,000
15th National Congress
7 days
1996–1997 election 		12 September
–
18 September 1997 		2,074 VD
–
60 SID 		36 193 FM
–
151 AM 		115 Jiang Zemin Amendment 58,000,000
16th National Congress
7 days
2001–2002 election 		8–14 November 2002 2,114 VD
–
40 SID 		38 198 FM
–
158 AM 		121 Jiang Zemin Amendment 66,000,000
17th National Congress
7 days
2006–2007 election 		15–21 October 2007 2,217 VD
–
57 SID 		38 204 FM
–
167 AM 		127 Hu Jintao Amendment 73,363,000
18th National Congress
7 days
2011–2012 election 		8–14 November 2012 2,270 VD
–
57 SID 		40 205 FM
–
171 AM 		130 Hu Jintao Amendment 82,600,000
19th National Congress
7 days
2016–2017 election 		18–24 October 2017 2,280 VD
–
57 SID 		40 204 FM
–
172 AM 		133 Xi Jinping Amendment 89,000,000

7 days
2021–2022 election 		Q4 2022 Xi Jinping Amendment

Notes[]

  1. ^ The 1st National Congress conceived of a party program, a document which focuses on ideology rather than explaining the organizational structure of the party.[2]
  2. ^ Decided by congress that the 5th Politburo would amend the constitution after the congress.[2]

References[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Li, Cheng (2012). "Preparing For the 18th Party Congress: Procedures and Mechanisms" (PDF). China Leadership Monitor (36). Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  2. ^ a b Wu 2015, p. 182.

Sources[]

Information on congresses, number of delegates, electoral units, number of people elected to CCs, party membership, the individual who presented the Political Report and information on when the congress was convened can be found in these sources:

Bibliography[]

  • Wu, Guoguang (2015). China's Party Congress: Power, Legitimacy, and Institutional Manipulation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-08202-1.
Retrieved from ""