Pakhala
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Course | Saja Pakhaḷa (fresh rice), Basi Pakhala (stale rice), Jira Pakhala (cumin rice), Dahi Pakhala (curd rice) |
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Place of origin | Indian subcontinent |
Region or state | Odisha |
Associated national cuisine | Odia cuisine |
Serving temperature | Hot and cold |
Main ingredients | Cooked rice |
Variations | Panta bhat |
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Pakhaḷa (Odia: ପଖାଳ Pakhāḷa, Odia pronunciation: [pɔkʰaɭɔ]) is an Odia cuisine, consisting of cooked rice washed or lightly fermented in water. The liquid part of the dish is known as Toraṇi (Odia: ତୋରାଣି ṭorāṇi).[1] It is popular in the state of Odisha and its similar variants in the eastern regions like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Bengal and the northeastern states of Assam and Tripura.
It is a preparation that is consumed during summer, although many people eat it throughout the year, especially for lunch. It is popular among the public as it provides a refreshing food source during the hot climate and replenishes the nutrients in the body. A traditional Odia dish, it is prepared with rice, curd, cucumber, cumin seeds, fried onions and mint leaves. It is popularly served with dry roasted vegetables—such as potato, brinjal, badi and saga bhaja or fried fish.[2][3]
Etymology[]
The term "pakhala" is derived from Pali word "pakhāḷitā" (Odia: ପଖାଳିତା) as well as Sanskrit word "Prakshāḷaṇa" (Sanskrit: प्रक्षाळन) which means "washed/to wash."[4]
History[]
It is unknown when pakhaḷa was first included in the daily diet of Eastern India, but it was included in the recipe of Lord Jagannath Temple of Puri circa 10th cen. Pakhaḷa is eaten in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent (including Nepal and some parts of Myanmar). The word pakhaḷa was used in the Odia poems of Arjuna Das in his literary work Kaḷpalata (1520-1530 AD).[5]
Classification[]
The different types of Pakhala classified as per preparation:[6][7][8]
Popular variants[]
- Saja Pakhaḷa (fresh pakhaḷa) is prepared by adding water instantly after making freshly cooked rice with drops of lemon in it. This variant doesn't need fermentation.
- Basi Pakhaḷa (stale pakhala, basi in Odia means "stale") is prepared by fermenting rice by adding water which is generally kept overnight and eaten in the next day. This variant of pakhala follows the traditional method of preparation. People also eat it with badi chura along with diced onions and lemon to add flavors to the dish.
- Jira Pakhaḷa is prepared by adding fried cumin with curry leaves to the pakhaḷa.[9][10]
- Dahi Pakhaḷa is prepared by adding curd to the pakhaḷa. Badi chura is taken as a side dish with pakhala.
Others[]
- Chain pakahala or Garama pakhala (hot pakhala) is similar to saja pakhala (fresh pakhala) but is served with hot rice.
- Paani Pakhala is a common variant prepared by only adding salt and water to the cooked rice.
- Ada Pakhala is prepared by adding ginger and salt to the cooked rice soaked in water.
- Sugandhi Pakhala or Subasa Pakhala (flavored pakhala) is prepared by adding chopped or grated ginger and roasted cumin seeds to cooked rice submerged in salty water which gives an aroma to the pakhala.
- Chupuda Pakhala (squeezed pakhala) is prepared by squeezing out the cooked rice washed in water and served with curd, roasted cumin and salt.
- Mitha Pakhala (sweet pakhala) is prepared by adding sugar or jaggery to cooked rice and water along with roasted cumin. It is an unusual variant and not popular compared to popular fresh or stale pakhala. Sometimes oranges are added as well.
- Tabhaa Pakhala is prepared by adding lemon water to the cooked rice.
- Ghia Pakhala is prepared by adding ghee to the cooked rice.
- Malliphula Pakhala is prepared by malli flowers(jasmine) to the cooked rice for aroma.
Preparation[]
The dish is typically prepared with rice that is cooked and allowed to cool. Cook normal rice, then cool it. Pour water in a bowl and add rice to it. In a pan, heat a pinch of oil, add mustard seeds, curry leaves, dry red chili and fry well. Add this chhunka or tadka into the pakhala bowl with sour curd. One can add mint leaves and raw salt to enhance the taste. To add more zing, one may opt for fish fry or sukhua poda (dry fish fried), saga bhaja, badi chura (a regional food item made up of batter of urad or black gram by drying under sunshine as small nuts and then fried to serve) and much more. Cumin seeds are fried, ground into a fine powder and added to curd with coriander leaves and salt.It is sometimes served with a fish fry and spinach.[11]
Traditional preparation[]
Pakhaḷa is slightly fermented rice. The rice is cooked, water is added with little bit of old pakhal (something similar to making curd using milk and old curd). Pakhaḷa tastes best when served after 8 to 12 hours after preparation; in this case, no old pakhal is required to be added to the rice as fermentation usually happens after 6 hours of keeping rice in water. The Pakhala by itself tastes a bit sour, but also paste of green chilli, green Mango and ginger is added to give the Pakhala a little bit hot and sweet flavour.
Generally burnt potato or aloo poda (boiled is also used) and other fried vegetables or fried fish is served with pakhaḷa. Various side dishes include dahi baigana, kakharu phula bhaja (fried pumpkin flowers), mashed potatoes (alu bharata), fried fish (macha bhaja), fried prawns (chingudi bhaja), sukhua (dried fish) and saga bhaja (fired leafy vegetables).[6][4]
Pakhala Dibasa[]
To promote the cuisine in modern era, Pakhala Dibasa was declared on 20 March 2015 by popular initiative to be celebrated by Odias worldwide.[12] Thus 20 March is celebrated every year as Pakhala Dibasa (Pakhala Day) by Odias across the regions[13][14][15][16] where people eat and promote the cuisine.[17][18]
Other regional variants[]
- Chhattisgarh: bore bhat
- Jharkhand: paani bhat
- Gujurat: Ghesh Bhat
- Tamil Nadu: pazhedhu saadham[19]
- Andhra Pradesh: saddi annam
- Bengal: panta bhat
- Assam: poita bhat[20]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ J. Tharu, Lalita, Susie, Ke (1993). Women Writing in India: The twentieth century. Vol II. Feminist Press. p. 688. ISBN 9781558610293.
- ^ Pati, Charupadma (7 June 2019). "Beating The Heat: A Sneak Peek Into Exotic Drinks Of Odisha". Outlook.
- ^ Charmaine O' Brien (15 December 2013). The Penguin Food Guide to India. Penguin Books. ISBN 9789351185758.
- ^ Jump up to: a b V.K. Joshi (5 January 2016). Indigenous Fermented Foods of South Asia. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439887905.
- ^ Panda, Shishir Kumar (1991). Medieval Orissa: a socio-economic study. Mittal Publications. p. 152. ISBN 9788170992615.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "On 'Pakhala Dibasa', Try Out Varieties Of This Popular Odia Delicacy". Sambad. 20 March 2018.
- ^ "This summer treat yourself with Odia dishes on Pakhala Diwas". OrissaPost. 20 March 2020.
- ^ J C Manti (2004). The Saga of Jagannatha and Badadeula at Puri. Vij Books. p. 188. ISBN 9789382652458.
- ^ Jeera Pakhala
- ^ "Jeera Pakhala". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
- ^ Mandal, Tridip; Singh, Muskan (13 August 2021). "Pakhala Bhat – An Odia Cuisine: Fermented Rice Recipe". The Quint.
- ^ Om Prakash (30 November 2018). Language, Identity and Contemporary Society. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 9781527522671.
- ^ "March 20 Is Declared As Pakhala Dibas (Universal Pakhala Day) By Odias Worldwide #Pakhal #Odisha #Food - eOdisha.org - latest Odisha News - Business - Culture -Art - Travel". Eodisha.org. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Pakhala Dibasa to be celebrated by Odias all over the world on 20 March | Incredible Odisha". Incredibleorissa.com. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "'World Pakhala Divas' on March 20". Pragativadi: Leading Odia Dailly. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ "Why March 20 celebrates as Pakhala Dibasa & Who has initiated this Dates - #PakhalaDibasa". eOdisha.org - latest Odisha News - Business - Culture -Art - Travel. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ "Pakhala dibasa grows bigger each passing year - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ "ଆଜି 'ବିଶ୍ୱ ପଖାଳ ଦିବସ' ! ଓଡିଆ ଜାତିର ଅନନ୍ୟ ବିଶେଷତ୍ୱ ପଖାଳ". Kanak News. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ Iyer, Nandita (12 May 2014). "Not fresh, yet healthy". Mint.
- ^ Koushik, Porishmita (23 May 2021). "This summer, get healthy with power-packed Assamese meal 'Poita Bhat'". EastMojo.
External links[]
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