Třebíč
Třebíč | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of the centre of Třebíč | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Etymology: from name Třebek | |
  Třebíč Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°12′54″N 15°52′54″E / 49.21500°N 15.88167°ECoordinates: 49°12′54″N 15°52′54″E / 49.21500°N 15.88167°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Vysočina |
| District | Třebíč |
| First mentioned | 1277 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Pavel Pacal (STAN) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 57.59 km2 (22.24 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 405 m (1,329 ft) |
| Population (2021-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 35,107 |
| • Density | 610/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 674 01 |
| Website | www |
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Official name | Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč |
| Criteria | ii, iii |
| Reference | 1078 |
| Inscription | 2003 (27th Session) |
Třebíč (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̝̊ɛbiːtʃ] (
listen); German: Trebitsch; Yiddish: טרייביטש Treybitsh) is a town in the Moravian part of the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 35,000 inhabitants. It is the administrative capital of the Třebíč District.
The beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a Benedictine monastery, where the castle is located today. In the age of its expansion, Třebíč was the third most important town in Moravia. The population growth started after World War II.
There are several well-known tourist sights in the town. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003 because of their testimony to cultural interchange across several centuries and the remarkable architecture within the site.[2] The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Administrative parts[]
The town is made up of 17 town parts and villages:
- Borovina
- Budíkovice
- Horka Domky
- Jejkov
- Nové Dvory
- Nové Město
- Pocoucov
- Podklášteří
- Ptáčov
- Račerovice
- Řípov
- Slavice
- Sokolí
- Stařečka
- Týn
- Vnitřní Město
- Zámostí
History[]
- 1101 Establishment of Benedictine Monastery.
- 1277 The oldest deed mentioning the town of Třebíč.
- 1335 Conferring of town rights to Třebíč according to the royal town of Znojmo.
- 1338 First references of Jewish settlement.
- 1468 Třebíč was conquered and destroyed by Matthias Corvinus of Hungary.
- 19th century Expansion of tannery and shoemaking.
- 1871 Opening of Národní dům (National House), establishment of grammar school with Czech as teaching language (Gymnázium Třebíč).
- 1886 First train runs through Třebíč.
- 1930 Development of shoe making production and construction of workers' colonies – present Borovina
- 1970s – 80s The town is stigmated by the construction of new housing estates, population increases.
- 1990s Fast renovation of the town.
- 2003 Registration of Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica into UNESCO List of Cultural and Natural Heritage
Sights[]
The historical treasury of Třebíč includes the old Jewish Quarter and the large Romanesque St. Procopius Basilica, which incorporates some later Gothic features, including a rare example of a ten-part (also known as 'botanical') rose window. Such designs reflect the five or ten parts of the family Roseaceae flowers and fruit, based on their five sepals and petals or the usual ten segments of their fruit. Botanical rose windows contrast with more complex Gothic windows that contain more segments (usually multiples of traditional gothic units of design – three trefoil, or four quatrefoil). Another thesis says that these decorations are based on an ancient design, inspired by forerunners in the wheel of life, associated with eastern religions nowadays, or may allude to the Virgin Mary.[3]
The famous Basilica originated in the early 12th century as a Benedictine monastery. It was endowed so well, that it led to the establishment of a local commercial centre; the town of Třebíč. The monastery was rebuilt during the reign of King Wenceslaus I (1230–53), and again at the end of the 15th century. During the first half of the 16th century some of Třebíč's historic monastic buildings were remodeled into a castle, and were later renovated in Baroque style.[3]
In the early eighteenth century changes were introduced on the basilica by the Czech architect František Maxmilián Kaňka; windows were enlarged, buttresses were added, a southwest tower was rebuilt, and a new west front with two towers was constructed in a gothic baroque style.[3]
The historical town of Třebíč, which extends on both sides of the river Jihlava, was declared an urban monument zone in 1990. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica, together with the castle and gardens, are all included within the urban monument zone.[4]
Geography[]
Třebíč is situated 35 km southeast of Jihlava and 65 km west of Brno on the Jihlava River. The town's elevation is between 392 and 503 metres above sea-level.
Třebíč has a temperate climate with occasional rains. Average annual temperature is 7.5 °C, average temperature in July is 18.5 °C and −3.4 °C in January.
Demography[]
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Transport[]
Important trade routes, that had been leading near Třebíč already in ancient times were called: Habry Route, Lovětín Route and Libice Route.
Nowadays, Třebíč is an important traffic junction of the region. The main roads crossing Třebíč are I/23 (Brno – České Budějovice) and II/360, which connects Třebíč with the highway D1. Road II/405, passing near the town, connects Třebíč with the capital city of Vysočina Region – Jihlava.
The railway has the east–west direction in Třebíč. This railway No. 240 connects Třebíč with cities of Brno and Jihlava. There are two train stations serving the town: Třebíč and Třebíč-Borovina.
There is the small sport airport in the outskirts.
A trolley line was proposed in the past but has never been built.
In Třebíč there are several segregated cycle facilities, including a bike route leading from Jihlava to Raabs an der Thaya, which was built in 2009.
Culture[]
Festivals[]
- Theatre Třebíč (Divadelní Třebíč) – festival of Amateur theatre
- – festival of Jewish culture
- Třebíč potato festival (Bramborobraní) – folklore festival – music and dance
- Jubilee Unesco (Oslavy Unesco) – jubilee celebration of town entrance to the UNESCO list
- Theatre 2-3-4 actors (Divadla 2-3-4 herců) – festival of professional theatre
- Zámostí – cultural and music festival[7]
- Concentus Moraviae – concerts of classical music
Education[]
- Universities
- Secondary schools
Notable people[]
- Leopold Löw (1811–1875), Hungarian rabbi
- Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger (1872–1938), Austrian landscape architect
- Jan Syrový (1888–1970), general and politician, prime minister (1938)
- Jan Zahradníček (1905–1960), poet
- Jindřich Svoboda (1917–1942), bomber captain in the RAF
- Jaroslav Zvěřina (born 1942), politician
- Pavel Padrnos (born 1970), road racing cyclist
- Patrik Eliáš (born 1976), ice hockey player
- Martin Erat (born 1981), ice hockey player
- Theodor Gebre Selassie (born 1986), footballer
- Vladimír Sobotka (born 1987), ice hockey player
- Jitka Válková (born 1991), Czech Miss winner
Twin towns – sister cities[]
Třebíč is twinned with:[15]
Humenné, Slovakia
Lilienfeld, Austria
Oschatz, Germany
Rakhiv, Ukraine
Yichang, China
Gallery[]
Portal of St. Procopius Basilica
Interior of the St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč
Abbacy of St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč
Interior of the Jewish Synagogue in Třebíč
Statue of Saints Cyril and Methodius
References[]
- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 30 April 2021.
- ^ "Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Třebíč". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Sváček, Libor (2015). UNESCO. pp. 100–107. ISBN 978-80-7339-067-9.
- ^ "Třebíč". pamatkovykatalog.cz (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Třebíč" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015. pp. 13–14.
- ^ Janák, Jan (1981). Třebíč – Dějiny města II (in Czech) (1st ed.). Blok Brno for ZMM in Třebíč. p. 224.
- ^ Zamosti.cz Zamosti.cz
- ^ Spst.cz
- ^ KGtrebic.cz
- ^ Oatrebic.cz
- ^ Szstrebic.cz
- ^ Sosos.cz
- ^ Spsstavebni.trebic.net
- ^ Sour-tr.euweb.cz
- ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Třebíč. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
External links[]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Třebíč. |
- UNESCO in Třebíč town – (en)
- Zamek-trebic.cz – Vysočina Museum in Třebíč (cz)
- Photos of Třebíč and Background Information (en)
- Basilica of St. Procopius in Třebíč (en)
- Jewish Ghetto in Třebíč (en)
- Třebíč, Czech Republic at JewishGen
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