Vilela language

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Vilela
Native toArgentina
Extinct20 by 1981;[1] gone by 2011[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3vil
Glottologvile1241
ELPVilela

Vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí)[3] is an extinct language last spoken in the Resistencia area of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives. The people call themselves Waqha-umbaβelte 'Waqha speakers'.

The last Vilela people were absorbed into the surrounding Toba people and Spanish-speaking townsfolk.

Dialects[]

Loukotka (1968) lists the following dialects of Vilela.[4]

  • Chunupi - formerly spoken on the confluence of the San Francisco River and Bermejo River in the vicinity of , , Ortega, Esquina Grande and .
  • Pasain - formerly spoken in the vicinity of Macapillo, Argentine Chaco.
  • Ocole - formerly spoken between and .
  • Omoampa - formerly spoken from Ortega as far as Miraflores.
  • Macomita - once spoken west of the Juramento River, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
  • Yecoamita - once spoken northwest of the Teuco River, Formosa province.
  • Sinipi - formerly spoken on the Bermejo River in the vicinity of Lacangayá.

Phonology[]

Vilela appears to have the five vowels /a e i o u/ of Spanish and approximately the following consonants:

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiced b d dʒ ɡ ɢ
voiceless p t tʃ k q ʔ
ejective pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ
Fricative central f s ʃ x h
lateral ɬ
Approximant w l j
Rhotic r, ɾ

Notes[]

  1. ^ Vilela language at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
  2. ^ Vilela at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  3. ^ Not to be confused with Niwaklé, which is also called Chulupí~Chunupí.
  4. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian Languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. pp. 53.

References[]

  • Lozano, Elena (1970). Textos Vilelas. La Plata: CEILP.
  • Lozano, Elena (1977). Cuentos secretos vilelas: I. La mujer tigre. VICUS Cuadernos. Lingüística, Vol.I: 93-116.
  • Golluscio, Lucia A. and Raoul Zamponi (2019). El vilela del siglo XVIII. Indiana 36. 43-68, A1-A56.
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