1976 Japanese general election

1976 Japanese general election

← 1972 5 December 1976 1979 →
All 511 seats in the House of Representatives of Japan 256 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	73.45% (1.69%)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Takeo Miki Tomomi Narita Yoshikatsu Takeiri Party Liberal Democratic Socialist Kōmeitō Leader since 4 December 1974 30 November 1968 13 February 1967 Last election 271 seats, 46.9% 118 seats, 21.9% 29 seats, 8.5% Seats won 249 123 55 Seat change 22 5 26 Popular vote 23,653,626 11,713,009 6,177,300 Percentage 41.8% 20.7% 10.9% Swing 5.1pp 1.2pp 2.4pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Kenji Miyamoto Yōhei Kōno Party Democratic Socialist Communist New Liberal Leader since 1 August 1958 June 1976 Last election 19 seats, 7.0% 38 seats, 10.5% – Seats won 29 17 17 Seat change 10 21 New Popular vote 3,554,076 5,878,192 2,363,985 Percentage 6.3% 10.4% 4.2% Swing 0.7pp 0.1pp New
Prime Minister before election Takeo Miki Liberal Democratic Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda Liberal Democratic

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General elections were held in Japan on 5 December 1976. Voter turnout was 73.45%. This election was noted for seeing 124 newcomers win seats for the very first time, along with the defeat of some legacy candidates, signalling a generational shift in the Japanese political landscape.^[1]

While the Liberal Democratic Party wound up, as usual, with the most seat (249 of 511),^[2] this election continued the constant trend of the LDP's popular vote decreasing with each election which had started all the way back in the 1949 election. The 1976 election was heavily informed by the Lockheed bribery scandals and became popularly known as the Lockheed Election (ロッキード選挙, rokkīdo senkyo).^[3] The incumbant Prime Minister Takeo Miki was seen as a reformer within his own party, and he did not obstruct the investigations into the Lockheed scandal as some of those in his party had desired. Despite this, Miki's cabinet had lukewarm approval ratings, with positive ratings across different news sources ranging from 41-47% and negative ones being lower at 12-27%. The scandal reflected poorly on the LDP and the party lost 22 seats from the last election, in the process losing its majority control over the House of Representatives for the first time since the party's founding. However, when the LDP's showing is combined with the votes cast for the spin-off New Liberal Club as well as independents who were not endorsed by the LDP but joined the party after this election, the total number of votes for conservative candidates actually saw an overall increase.^[1]

The two left-wing opposition parties, the Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party, saw noticeable setbacks. The JSP did gain seats, but it was only five, and in the process two former chairmen (Kōzō Sasaki and Seiichi Katsumata) and the incumbent vice-chairman and former chairman Saburō Eda all lost their seats. The JCP suffered far worse, losing 21 seats and falling to less than half its number of seats compared to the last election, likely due to protest votes going towards the new moderate options such as the NLC instead of the JCP. The main winners among the traditional opposition were the moderate parties. In the case of Kōmeitō, the party recovered from scandals in the 1972 general elections by distancing itself from Soka Gakkai and putting up non-Soka Gakkai adherents as candidates in the 1975 local elections as well as this election. Komeito also reinforced its image as an anti-LDP party by endorsing various leftist campaigns. On the other hand, the Democratic Socialist Party, which did see a slight decrease in popular votes, nonetheless had luckily managed to gain ten seats in this election.^[1]

Following the election, Miki resigned as LDP leader after the LDP's poor showing and Takeo Fukuda was elected the new LDP leader and prime minister.

The 1976 election was the only post-war general election triggered by an expiration of the term of the House of Representatives; all other post-war elections have been instigated by a dissolution of the House by the Cabinet.^[3]

Results[]

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Liberal Democratic Party	23,653,626	41.78	249	-22
	Japan Socialist Party	11,713,009	20.69	123	+5
	Komeitō	6,177,300	10.91	55	+26
	Japanese Communist Party	5,878,192	10.38	17	-21
	Democratic Socialist Party	3,554,076	6.28	29	+10
	New Liberal Club	2,363,985	4.18	17	New
	Other parties	45,114	0.08	0	-2
	Independents	3,227,463	5.70	21	+7
Total		56,612,765	100.00	511	+20
Valid votes		56,612,765	98.91
Invalid/blank votes		623,857	1.09
Total votes		57,236,622	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		77,926,588	73.45
Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan

References[]