1998 Japanese House of Councillors election
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126 of the 252 seats in the House of Councillors 127 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Politics of Japan |
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Japan portal
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House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 12 July 1998.
The LDP under Ryūtarō Hashimoto had restored single-party government in 1996 and was now aiming to also regain clear control of the House of Councillors where it was several seats short of a majority. Instead, it lost 13 seats in the election giving the opposition clear control. Prime minister Hashimoto resigned. Keizō Obuchi was elected LDP president on July 24, defeating Seiroku Kajiyama and Junichirō Koizumi.
On July 30, 1998, Obuchi was designated as prime minister by the Diet against the vote of the House of Councillors where DPJ president Naoto Kan beat Obuchi by 142 to 103 votes. Obuchi entered coalition negotiations in late 1998. In January 1999, the LDP entered a ruling coalition with Ichirō Ozawa's Liberal Party, bringing the government within few seats of a majority; in October 1999, New Komeito also entered the coalition, ending the divided Diet.
Results[]
Party | National | Constituency | Seats | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Not up | Won | Total after | +/– | |||
Liberal Democratic Party | 14,128,719 | 25.17 | 14 | 17,033,852 | 30.45 | 30 | 58 | 44 | 102 | –5 | ||
Democratic Party of Japan | 12,209,685 | 21.75 | 12 | 9,063,940 | 16.20 | 15 | 20 | 27 | 47 | New | ||
Japanese Communist Party | 8,195,078 | 14.60 | 8 | 8,758,760 | 15.66 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 23 | +9 | ||
New Komeito Party | 7,748,301 | 13.80 | 7 | 1,843,479 | 3.30 | 2 | 13 | 9 | 22 | +11 | ||
Liberal Party | 5,207,813 | 9.28 | 5 | 980,249 | 1.75 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 12 | New | ||
Social Democratic Party | 4,370,763 | 7.79 | 4 | 2,403,649 | 4.30 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 13 | –25 | ||
New Party Sakigake | 784,591 | 1.40 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |||||
Dainiin Club | 579,714 | 1.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –2 | |||||
Sports and Peace Party | 477,284 | 0.85 | 0 | 72,886 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –1 | ||
3 | 0 | 3 | New | |||||||||
Other parties | 2,435,075 | 4.34 | 0 | 2,894,668 | 5.17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | ||
Independents | 12,884,582 | 23.03 | 20 | 6 | 20 | 26 | +11 | |||||
Total | 56,137,023 | 100.00 | 50 | 55,936,065 | 100.00 | 76 | 126 | 126 | 252 | 0 | ||
Valid votes | 56,137,023 | 96.34 | 55,936,065 | 95.98 | ||||||||
Invalid/blank votes | 2,131,937 | 3.66 | 2,344,331 | 4.02 | ||||||||
Total votes | 58,268,960 | 100.00 | 58,280,396 | 100.00 | ||||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 99,048,700 | 58.83 | 99,048,700 | 58.84 | ||||||||
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,[1][2] Tottori Prefecture, National Diet |
By constituency[]
Northern Japan | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
District | Seats up | Incumbents | Party | Result | Candidates (Party) Vote share | |
Hokkaidō | 2 (−2) | Hisashi Kazama | Komeito | 2 seats lost by reapportionment LDP, DPJ and Komeito incumbents retired LDP hold DPJ incumbent re-elected DPJ gains top tōsen |
Naoki Minezaki (DPJ) 31.2% Yoshio Nakagawa (LDP) 28.1% Tomoko Uchiyama (JCP) 23.5% Kentarō Ono (LP) 6.3% Shirō Kayano (SDP) 5.7% Masami Mizuyoshi (NSP) 1.3% Ken'ichi Sawada (YLP) 1.3% Ryōko Matsukawa (LL) 1.3% Hideo Murata (I) 1.1% Nobuhito Sendai (Ishin) 0.3% | |
DPJ | ||||||
Naoki Minezaki | DPJ | |||||
LDP | ||||||
1 | Independent (ex-NFP) |
Incumbent retired Independent (joined IA) |
Masami Tanabu (I) 46.7% Akiyoshi Kaneiri (LDP) 36.0% Chizuko Takahashi (JCP) 9.3% Kiyohiko Narumi (I) 7.1% Keiko Saitō (LL) 0.9% | |||
Iwate | 1 | Independent | Incumbent re-elected (joined IA) | (I) 38.5% (I) 34.6% Shizuko Abe (SDP) 13.7% Norikatsu Sugawara (JCP) 9.5% Fumiko (?) Yamada (?) 3.7% | ||
2 (+1) | LDP | Incumbent lost re-election DPJ pickup DPJ gains top tōsen |
Mitsuru Sakurai (DPJ) 26.0% Ichirō Ichikawa (I) 23.2% (LDP) 14.0% Sayuri Kamata (I) 11.2% Michiko Satō (JCP) 10.6% Yoshihiro Satō (SDP) 7.1% Yukio Nakazawa (I) 3.4% Kikumi Hayasaka (WP) 2.3% Akemi Ishikawa (LL) 2.2% | |||
1 seat gained by reapportionment LDP hold |
||||||
1 | LDP | Incumbent retired LDP hold |
(LDP) 39.9% Tatsurō Nakajima (DPJ) 27.1% Kazuko Ogiwara (JCP) 14.3% Mamoru Kudō (SDP) 13.6% Shunsaku Hiramoto (NSP) 3.2% Haruo Hashimoto (LL) 1.9% | |||
1 | LDP | Incumbent retired LDP hold |
Kōichi Kishi (LDP) 49.3% Toshiko Muraki (DPJ) 17.8% Shōji Tanabe (SDP) 16.1% Masaru Aoki (JCP) 10.1% Eiko Gotō (LL) 6.6% | |||
2 | LDP | Incumbent retired LDP hold Incumbent lost re-election DPJ pickup DPJ gains top tōsen |
Yūhei Satō (I – DPJ) 32.6% Mitsuhide Iwaki (LDP) 24.9% (LDP) 23.6% Hideki Satō (JCP) 10.6% 4 other candidates (I/NSP/YLP/LL) 8.3% | |||
LDP | ||||||
Eastern and Central Japan | ||||||
District | Seats up | Incumbents | Party | Result | Candidates (Party – endorsements) Vote share | |
2 | LDP | NSP incumbent retired LDP incumbent lost re-election LDP hold DPJ pickup DPJ gained top tōsen |
Akira Gunji (DPJ) 27.9% (LDP) 23.1% (LDP) 19.2% Osamu Ojima (JCP) 10.1% Hiromitsu Mutō (LP) 7.0% Mariko Yoshioka (WP) 5.6% Hiroyuki Sugimori (NSP) 3.4% Takao Gunji (LL) 2.7% Masao Kataniwa (YLP) 1.0% | |||
NSP | ||||||
Tochigi | 2 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected Incumbent lost re-election DPJ pickup DPJ gained top tōsen |
Susumu Yanase (DPJ) 39.7% Tetsurō Yano (LDP) 24.7% (LDP) 19.0% Setsuko Nomura (JCP) 8.3% Iwao Takahashi (SDP) 4.1% Takuo Inaba (I) 1.9% Ichirō Yamada (YLP) 1.7% Tsuneaki Umeki (LL) 0.6% | ||
Tetsurō Yano | LDP | |||||
Gunma | 2 | Hirofumi Nakasone | LDP | Incumbents re-elected | Hirofumi Nakasone (LDP) 33.7% (LDP) 25.4% Shio Yamazaki (I) 19.3% Yoshikazu Arima (JCP) 15.2% Yurika Kiya (LL) 6.3% | |
LDP | ||||||
Saitama | 3 (+1) | LDP | LDP incumbent lost re-election Independent (ex-NFP) pickup Independent gained top tōsen |
(I) 22.6% (JCP) 19.9% (DPJ) 19.0% (LDP) 14.3% Minoru Kurihara (LDP) 12.0% Fumihiro Himori (SDP) 5.4% Mieko Yana (LL) 3.2% Tadashi Hosokawa (NSP) 1.6% Kazushige Yamada (YLP) 1.1% Setsuo Yamaguchi (I) 0.7% Masakazu Imazawa (Ishin) 0.2% | ||
SDP | SDP incumbent retired JCP pickup | |||||
1 seat gained by reapportionment DPJ pickup | ||||||
2 | Wakako Hironaka | Independent | Incumbents re-elected | Wakako Hironaka (I) 32.3% (LDP) 31.4% Makoto Nakajima (JCP) 21.2% Keiko Machiyama (WP) 5.0% Etsuko Nagata (NSP) 4.6% Tsuneari Murata (LL) 3.4% Kunihide Yoshinaga (YLP) 2.1% | ||
LDP | ||||||
Tokyo | 4 | Toshiko Hamayotsu | Komeito | Komeito incumbent re-elected DPJ pickup DPJ gained top tōsen |
Toshio Ogawa (DPJ) 19.2% Toshiko Hamayotsu (Komeito) 18.1% (JCP) 16.8% Atsuo Nakamura (I) 13.4% Kiyoko Ono (LDP) 11.6% Kōji Tsukahara (LDP) 8.4% Tetsu Ueda (I) 4.3% Shunsuke Iwasaki (SDP) 3.8% Hiroko Suzuki (WP) 0.8% Shintarō Kō (LL) 0.8% Yoshimori Inori (SPP) 0.7% Eiko Toyama (NSP) 0.7% Isao Nakamura (YLP) 0.6% 10 other candidates 0.7% | |
JCP | ||||||
vacant (last held by Kensaku Morita, LDP) |
LDP incumbent lost re-election JCP incumbent retired JCP hold NPH pickup |
|||||
Kiyoko Ono | LDP | |||||
Kanagawa | 3 (+1) | Fumio Saitō | LDP | DPJ incumbent re-elected LDP incumbent lost re-election DPJ pickup DPJ gains top tōsen |
Keiichirō Asao (DPJ) 18.0% Kimie Hatano (JCP) 14.8% Keiko Chiba (DPJ) 14.3% Marutei Tsurunen (I) 14.1% Fumio Saitō (LDP) 13.0% Tomoko Abe (SDP) 8.4% Isao Makishima (LDP) 8.0% Takashi Hidaka (LP) 6.8% Yoshiko Bannai (NSP) 0.8% Katsuo Satō (YLP) 0.5% 5 other candidates 1.4% | |
Keiko Chiba | DPJ | |||||
1 seat gained by reapportionment JCP pickup |
||||||
2 | LDP | SDP incumbent re-elected LDP incumbent lost re-election LDP hold (Tanaka was retroactively recognized as LDP candidate) |
Naoki Tanaka (I) 24.6% (SDP) 22.1% (LDP) 20.2% Yukio Hoshino (I) 18.7% Kanji Igarashi (JCP) 8.2% Satoshi Honda (LP) 3.8% Kazuaki Meguro (LL) 2.4% | |||
SDP | ||||||
1 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected post-election: incumbent died within 3 months, DPJ pickup by kuriage-tōsen |
(LDP) 47.7% (DPJ) 21.1% Shigeru Tajiri (SDP) 17.3% Kazuyuki Izumino (JCP) 11.0% Hisayoshi Nakada (LL) 2.9% | |||
1 | Tetsuo Kutsukake | LDP | Incumbent lost re-election Independent pickup (joined IA) |
(I) 45.1% Tetsuo Kutsukake (LDP) 42.4% Yōko Onishi (JCP) 9.4% Hideyuki Tanebe (LL) 3.1% | ||
1 | Masaaki Yamazaki | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | Masaaki Yamazaki (LDP) 52.3% Keimin Kyōtō (DPJ) 28.6% Kunihiro Uno (JCP) 10.5% Kyōko Murata (LL) 8.6% | ||
1 | LDP | Incumbent retired DPJ pickup |
Azuma Koshiishi (I) 43.3% Tsukasa Hosaka (LDP) 39.9% Akiko Endō (JCP) 10.8% Yūko Kamata (LP) 7.8% Masako Fukasawa (LL) 1.5% | |||
Nagano | 2 | Toshimi Kitazawa | DPJ | Incumbent re-elected Incumbent retired LDP pickup |
Toshimi Kitazawa (DPJ) 38.6% Masatoshi Wakabayashi (LDP) 23.3% Norihisa Yamaguchi (JCP) 18.2% Yukio Nunome (SDP) 10.4% Shin'ichirō Shimojō (I) 6.8% Shigeo Kusama (I) 1.2% Yutaka Tanaka (LL) 1.2% Keisaburō Okuhara (I) 0.3% | |
DPJ | ||||||
2 (+1) | LDP | Incumbent lost re-election Independent pickup (joined DPJ, then LDP) |
Iwao Matsuda (I) 25.0% Yasuo Yamashita (DPJ) 22.9% Takeyuki Watanabe (I) 19.6% (LDP) 18.6% Hiroyuki Yamamoto (JCP) 11.7% Yasuhiro Sonoda (LL) 2.3% | |||
1 seat gained by reapportionment DPJ pickup | ||||||
2 | LDP | SDP incumbent retired LDP incumbent lost re-election LDP hold Independent pickup (joined DPJ in '99) Independent gains top tōsen |
(I – DPJ, Komeito, SDP) 32.6% (LDP) 20.9% (LDP) 17.2% Yukihiro Shimazu (JCP) 15.2% Nobuko Iwaki (LP) 8.2% Naoko Hara (LL) 6.0% | |||
SDP | ||||||
Aichi | 3 | LDP | LDP incumbent retired LDP incumbent lost re-election 2 DPJ pickups DPJ gains top tōsen |
Yoshitake Kimata (DPJ) 17.4% Taisuke Satō (DPJ) 15.9% (JCP) 15.8% (LDP) 15.5% Yasuoki Urano (LDP) 14.3% (I) 7.6% Teruko Sugimoto (SDP) 5.5% Hachirō Ishikawa (LP) 3.2% Chieko Igarashi (WP) 1.6% Nobuyuki Watanabe (LL) 1.1% Mikio Yamashita (YLP) 0.8% Yoshiaki Yamazaki (I) 0.4% Takayoshi Itō (I) 0.3% 3 other candidates 0.5% | ||
Kiyohiro Araki | LDP | |||||
Independent (later LP) |
Independent incumbent lost re-election JCP pickup | |||||
1 | Independent | Incumbent re-elected | (I) 45.8% Chiaki Takahashi (I) 34.1% Kazuhisa Imai (JCP) 15.5% Noriyasu Sakamoto (LL) 4.6% | |||
Western Japan | ||||||
District | Seats up | Incumbents | Party | Result | Candidates (Party – endorsements) Vote share | |
1 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | (LDP) 46.1% Takashi Ōkubo (I) 28.2% Toshirō Hayashi (JCP) 20.9% Seiichi Katō (LL) 4.8% | |||
2 | Yukio Hayashida | LDP | JCP incumbent re-elected LDP incumbent retired Independent pickup (joined DPJ in '99) |
Tetsurō Fukuyama (I) 35.5% (JCP) 33.9% Naohiko Yamamoto (LDP) 27.8% Takeshi Yotsui (LL) 2.8% | ||
JCP | ||||||
Ōsaka | 3 | Kiyoshi Nishikawa | Independent (joined IA) |
Independent and Komeito incumbents re-elected LDP incumbent lost re-election JCP pickup |
Kiyoshi Nishikawa (I) 26.4% Eiichi Yamashita (Komeito) 21.8% Takeshi Miyamoto (JCP) 18.1% (LDP) 14.3% Masahiro Nakatsukasa (DPJ) 13.6% Yumiko Nagasaki (SDP) 2.9% Kazuko Doi (WP) 0.7% Kōji Morimoto (LL) 0.7% Jun'ichi Maeda (NSP) 0.5% Setsuko Ōki (YLP) 0.3% Toshio Nakano (I) 0.2% Yasuo Yamaguchi (I) 0.2% Ryūichi Nakatani (Ishin) 0.1% | |
Eiichi Yamashita | Komeito | |||||
LDP | ||||||
2 (−1) | LDP | DPJ incumbent re-elected DPJ gains top tōsen |
(DPJ) 39.0% (JCP) 25.2% (LDP) 22.9% Yūzō Nakanishi (NSP) 5.0% Toyoaki Tagawa (LL) 2.5% Yumiko Hiraoka (I) 2.3% Kimura (YLP) 1.7% Genji Shimizu (I) 1.4% | |||
DPJ | LDP incumbent lost re-election JCP pickup | |||||
Independent (Ex-Komeitotō) |
1 seat lost by reapportionment Independent incumbent retired | |||||
1 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | (LDP) 38.3% Kazuyasu Hamaue (I) 31.7% Sachiho Yamamura (JCP) 23.2% Hiroshi Mukai (LL) 6.7% | |||
1 | Yōsuke Tsuruho | LP | Incumbent re-elected | Yōsuke Tsuruho (LP) 42.7% Isao Maeda (LDP) 37.9% Yasuhisa Hara (JCP) 17.1% Motonori Kishi (LL) 2.3% | ||
1 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | (LDP) 39.9% Kōtarō Tamura (I) 31.6% Tadamiki Matsunaga (SDP) 14.3% Tomoko Ichitani (JCP) 12.8% Yutaka Okino (LL) 1.5% | |||
1 | Mikio Aoki | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | Mikio Aoki (LDP) 49.9% Setsumi Tamura (DPJ) 27.9% Yōko Sasaki (JCP) 13.0% Katsumi Kanō (SDP) 6.5% Masashi Yamaguchi (LL) 2.8% | ||
2 | LDP | LDP incumbent re-elected DPJ incumbent lost re-election DPJ hold DPJ gains top tōsen |
Satsuki Eda (DPJ) 39.3% (LDP) 29.9% Junji Ichii (DPJ) 12.5% Katsunobu Katō (I) 7.9% Yūichi Kakiuchi (JCP) 7.5% Mitsuo Kobiki (SDP) 2.2% Kyōji Nakamura (LL) 0.4% Gō Nakashima (Ishin) 0.3% | |||
DPJ | ||||||
2 | Hiroshi Miyazawa | LDP | LDP incumbent retired NSP incumbent lost re-election LDP hold DPJ pickup |
Ikuo Kamei (LDP) 27.0% Minoru Yanagida (I) 22.6% Nobuya Okuhara (LDP) 21.9% Akira Ishida (SDP) 9.4% Hiroshi Nikaidō (JCP) 9.1% (NSP) 7.7% Tomoko (?) Hirasawa (LL) 2.3% | ||
NSP | ||||||
Yamaguchi | 1 | LDP | Incumbent retired Independent pickup (joined IA) |
(I) 45.7% Eiichi Gōshi (LDP) 33.8% Hirokazu Fujimoto (JCP) 14.8% Tadao Sasaki (LL) 3.2% Seiichirō Hirata (YLP) 2.5% | ||
Tokushima | 1 | LDP | Incumbent lost re-election Independent pickup (joined Green Conf. in '02) |
(I) 45.7% (LDP) 36.8% Hitoshi Fujita (JCP) 11.8% Kazutomo Yano (NSP) 4.5% Takeshi Nara (LL) 1.3% | ||
Kagawa | 1 | LP | Incumbent retired LDP pickup |
Toshio Yamauchi (LDP) 43.5% Shigeaki Katō (SDP) 28.1% Yōko Shirakawa (JCP) 22.4% Kiyotaka Maeda (LL) 5.9% | ||
1 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | (LDP) 46.9% Mutsumi Hayashi (I) 29.4% Keiko Tanida (JCP) 14.3% Keisuke Hino (LP) 7.4% Makoto Utsunomiya (LL) 2.0% | |||
1 | LP | Incumbent retired LDP pickup |
(LDP) 41.5% Ruriko Nishioka (I) 32.4% Shin'ichirō Nishimura (I) 15.9% Mika Suagahara (LP) 8.4% Takuji Nakamae (LL) 1.8% | |||
Southern Japan | ||||||
District | Seats up | Incumbents | Party | Result | Candidates (Party – endorsements) Vote share | |
Fukuoka | 2 (−1) | vacant (last held by , Komeito) |
SDP incumbent retired LDP incumbent re-elected Komeito hold (independent joined Komeitotō) |
Kazuo Hirotomo (I) 30.3% Gōtarō Yoshimura (LDP) 27.7% Kazue Fujita (I) 20.0% Toyoomi Tsuno (JCP) 14.4% Yukimi Kamemoto (WP) 2.9% Yoshio Nakamura (YLP) 2.2% Shizuko Tanebe (LL) 1.8% Haruhiko Saitō (I) 0.7% | ||
SDP | ||||||
Gōtarō Yoshimura | LDP | 1 seat lost by reapportionment | ||||
1 | Hiromi Iwanaga | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | Hiromi Iwanaga (LDP) 47.5% Yōko Kōmoto (I) 34.6% Hideko Tanaka (JCP) 11.8% Yasuhiro Fukagawa (LL) 6.1% | ||
Nagasaki | 1 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | (LDP) 42.1% Yūji Mitsuno (I) 37.9% Kieko Nishimura (JCP) 13.1% Kazuko Teraoka (LL) 6.9% | ||
2 | LDP | Incumbent retired Incumbent lost re-election LDP hold DPJ pickup DPJ gains top tōsen |
(DPJ) 34.2% Hitoshi Kimura (LDP) 28.7% (LDP) 24.8% Etsuko Nishikawa (JCP) 10.0% Kayoko Annaka (LL) 2.3% | |||
LDP | ||||||
1 | DPJ | Incumbent lost re-election LDP pickup |
(LDP) 35.4% (DPJ) 34.3% Fujisaki (SDP) 21.8% Masami Doi (JCP) 7.6% Hideyuki Ozaki (LL) 0.9% | |||
1 | LDP | Incumbent re-elected | (LDP) 66.2% Chika Nagatomo (JCP) 23.4% Kōsaburō Haruta (LL) 10.4% | |||
2 | LDP | LDP incumbent re-elected Independent incumbent lost re-election LDP pickup |
Hiroshi Moriyama (LDP) 27.9% (LDP) 27.0% (I) 26.1% Yūichi Yasuda (LL) 12.2% Mitsuharu Iwaizako (JCP) 6.8% | |||
Independent (ex-JSP) | ||||||
Okinawa | 1 | Independent | Incumbent re-elected (joined IA) | (I) 45.5% Kenjirō Nishida (LDP) 44.5% Hiroshi Kinjō (LL) 8.0% Hiroyuki Kinjō (I) 1.3% Mitsuo Matayoshi (WECP) 0.7% | ||
Nationwide proportional | ||||||
District | Seats up | Incumbents by party | Result | Party votes/share seats elected candidates | ||
Proportional | 50 | LDP 17 DPJ 11 Komeito/Ex-Komeitotō 7 SDP/ex-JSP 6 JCP 4 LP 2 2Club 1 NSP/ex-JSP 1 I/ex-JNP 1 |
LDP −3 DPJ +1 JCP +4 Komeito 0 LP +3 SDP −2 Others −2 I (ex-JNP) -1 |
LDP 14,128,719/25.17% → 14 seats: Akito Arima Daizō Nozawa Chieko Nōno Akio Satō Eisuke Hinode Tokio Kanō Tomoko Sasaki Masashi Waki | ||
DPJ 12,209,685/21.75% → 12 seats: Yōko Komiyama Yoriko Madoka Masayuki Naoshima Kiyoshi Hasegawa Yoshimitsu Takashima Toshikazu Hori Takenori Emoto | ||||||
JCP 8,195,078/14.6% → 8 seats: Tadayoshi Ichida Akira Koike Toshiko Hayashi Chikashi Koizumi | ||||||
Komeito 7,748,301/13.80% → 7 seats: Kōji Morimoto Kiyohiro Araki Hisashi Kazama | ||||||
LP 5,207,813/9.28% → 5 seats: Shin'ya Izumi Hideo Watanabe | ||||||
SDP 4,370,763/7.79% → 4 seats: Mizuho Fukushima Sadao Fuchigami | ||||||
Others (aggregate) 3,492,073/6.22%, no seats | ||||||
Source: The Senkyo[3] and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications official results.[4] |
References[]
- ^ Table 13: Persons Elected and Votes Polled by Political Parties – Ordinary Elections for the House of Councillors (1947–2004) Archived 2011-03-23 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
- ^ "27-11 Allotted Number, Candidates, Eligible Voters as of Election Day, Voters and Voting Percentages of Ordinary Elections for the House of Councillors (1947–2004)". Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2011-03-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "総務省|選挙関連資料".
- 1998 elections in Asia
- 1998 elections in Japan
- House of Councillors (Japan) elections
- July 1998 events in Asia