1993 in spaceflight

1993 in spaceflight

Astronauts Story Musgrave and Jeffrey Hoffman repair the Hubble Space Telescope during STS-61.
Orbital launches
First	12 January
Last	22 December
Total	83
Successes	77
Failures	4
Partial failures	2
National firsts
Satellite	Portugal
Rockets
Maiden flights	Ariane 4 42L Atlas IIAS PSLV Start-1
Crewed flights
Orbital	9
Total travellers	47
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The following is an outline of 1993 in spaceflight.

Launches[]

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload (⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January[]
12 January 11:10:17	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 133/3		VKS
		(Tsikada)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
13 January 01:49	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
		Molniya-1-85	MOM	Molniya	Communications	15 November 2005	Successful
13 January 13:59:30[1]	Space Shuttle Endeavour[2]			Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
		STS-54	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	19 January 13:37:47	Successful
		TDRS-6 (TDRS-F)	NASA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
19 January 14:49:01	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
		(Yantar-4K2-66)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	25 March	Successful
24 January 05:58:05	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		Soyuz TM-16	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)		22 July	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
26 January 15:55:26	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
		Kosmos 2232 (Oko)	MOM	Molniya	Missile defence	In orbit	Operational
27 January 10:43:41	Black Brant XII			Poker Flat		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere	In orbit	Failure
		Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi); Failed before reaching space
28 January				Wake Island		Orbital Sciences
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Reentry vehicle test	28 January	Successful
		Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)
February[]
3 February 02:55	Delta II (7925)			Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
		USA-88 (GPS IIA-9)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
5 February 16:24				White Sands SULF		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	BTTV-3 Validation	5 February	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi);
7 February	Prithvi			Balasore		DRDO
			DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	7 February	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
8 February 20:00	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Solar	8 February	Successful
		Apogee: 289 kilometres (180 mi)
9 February 02:56:56	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 133/3		VKS
		(Parus)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
9 February 14:30	Pegasus			Kennedy Balls 8		Orbital Sciences
		Orbcomm CDS-1	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Orbcomm SCD-1	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
11 February	HPB			Wake Island		Orbital Sciences
			Orbital Sciences	Suborbital	Re-entry vehicle test	11 February	Failure
		Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi)
17 February 20:09:47	Proton-K/DM-2			Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
		(GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		(GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		(GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
18 February 07:00	S-520			Kagoshima LA-K		ISAS
		METS	ISAS	Suborbital	Ionosphere and Plasma	18 February	Successful
		Apogee: 272 kilometres (169 mi)
19 February 13:45				Sriharikota		ISRO
			ISRO	Suborbital	Ionosphere	19 February	Successful
		Apogee: 290 kilometres (180 mi)
19 February 13:15	RH-560			Sriharikota		ISRO
			ISRO	Suborbital	Ionosphere	19 February	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
19 February 18:00	Black Brant 9CM1			White Sands LC-36		Space Services Incorporated
			SSI	Suborbital	Microgravity	19 February	Successful
		Apogee: 301 kilometres (187 mi)
20 February 02:20	Mu-3S-II			Kagoshima LA-M1		ISAS
		ASCA (ASTRO-D)	ISAS	Low Earth	Astronomy	2 March 2001	Successful
21 February 18:32:33	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		Progress M-16	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	27 March	Successful
25 February 13:40	RT-2PM Topol			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	25 February	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
26 February 20:45	Polaris/			Barking Sands LC-42
			SDC	Suborbital	Test	26 February	Successful
		Maiden flight of UGM-27 Polaris in STARS configuration; Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)
March[]
2 March	LGM-118 Peacekeeper			Vandenberg LF-02		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	2 March	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
8 March 00:15	Nike-Orion			White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	8 March	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
10 March 13:38	Nike-Orion			White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	10 March	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
10 March	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg		US Air Force
		GT-151GB	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	10 March	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
16 March 02:12:41	Black Brant 9CM1			Wallops Island LA-2		SDIO
		SPEAR 3	SDIO	Suborbital	Plasma	16 March	Successful
		Apogee: 290 kilometres (180 mi)
22 March	Sonda-2			Alcântara		INPE
		Maruda	INPE	Suborbital	Ionosphere	22 March	Successful
		Apogee: 102 kilometres (63 mi)
25 March 02:28	Proton-K/DM-2			Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
			MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
25 March 13:15:27	Start-1			Plesetsk		RVSN
			MO RF	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
		Maiden flight of Start-1
25 March 21:38	Atlas I			Cape Canaveral LC-36B
		UHF-1	US Navy	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Launch failure
		Booster engine failure left spacecraft in useless orbit
26 March 02:21	Zenit-2			Baikonur Site 45/1		VKS
		(Tselina-2)	MO RF	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Operational
30 March 03:09	Delta II (7925)			Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
		USA-90 (GPS IIA-10)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
		Decommissioned on 24 October 2005
30 March 12:00	Tsyklon-2			Baikonur Site 90		VKS
		()	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	10 December 1994	Successful
31 March 03:34:13	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		Progress M-17	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	3 March 1994	Successful
April[]
1 April 18:57:26	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 133/3		VKS
		(Parus)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
2 April 10:09	Black Brant XII			Poker Flat		NASA
			NASA/UCB	Suborbital	Ionosphere	2 April	Successful
		Apogee: 1,425 kilometres (885 mi)
2 April 14:30:01	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
		(Yantar-4K2)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	7 June	Successful
6 April 19:07:27	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 43/4		VKS
		Kosmos 2241 (Oko)	MOM	Molniya	Missile defence	In orbit	Operational
8 April 05:29[1]	Space Shuttle Discovery[3]			Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
		STS-56	NASA	Low Earth	Solar astronomy	17 April 11:37:19	Successful
		Spacelab Pallet	ESA/NASA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Spacelab ATLAS-2
		SPARTAN-201	NASA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Solar
		Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; SPARTAN deployed from Discovery on 11 April and retrieved on 13 April
12 April 17:18	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
		NIXT	NASA	Suborbital	Solar	12 April	Successful
		Apogee: 226 kilometres (140 mi)
16 April 07:49	Tsyklon-3			Plesetsk		VKS
		(Tselina)	MO RF	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Operational
17 April 09:15	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
		SXT	NASA/Colorado at Boulder	Suborbital	X-Ray astronomy	17 April	Successful
		Apogee: 254 kilometres (158 mi)
19 April 05:50	RH-560			Sriharikota		ISRO
			ISRO	Suborbital	Ionosphere	19 April	Successful
		Apogee: 323 kilometres (201 mi)
21 April 00:23	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 43/4		VKS
		Molniya 3-57L	MOM	Molniya	Communications	25 January 2004	Successful
25 April 13:56	Pegasus			Edwards Balls 8		Orbital Sciences
		Orbcomm CDS-2 (VSUME)	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
			STP	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
26 April 14:50[1]	Space Shuttle Columbia[4]			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
		STS-55	NASA/DLR	Low Earth	Microgravity	6 May 14:30	Successful
		Spacelab Long Module 1	NASA/DLR	Low Earth (Columbia)	Spacelab D2
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
27 April 10:35	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 31/6		VKS
		(Yantar-1KFT)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	6 May	Spacecraft failure
		Mission aborted after six days
28 April 03:39:20	Tsyklon-2			Baikonur Site 90		VKS
		(US-PM)	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	18 March 1995	Successful
May[]
1 May 05:35	Skylark 7			Esrange LA-S		DLR
		TEXUS 30	DLR	Suborbital	Microgravity	1 May	Successful
		Apogee: 234 kilometres (145 mi)
6 May 15:38	Black Brant VIIIC			Poker Flat		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Plasma	6 May	Successful
		Apogee: 271 kilometres (168 mi)
11 May 14:56:01	Tsyklon-3			Plesetsk		VKS
		(Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
12 May 00:56:32	Ariane 4 (42L)			Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
		Astra 1C	SES Astra	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Arsene (Oscar-24)	/AMSAT	Medium Earth	Communications	In orbit	Partial satellite failure
		Maiden flight of Ariane 4 (42L); VHF transponder on Arsene failed during launch and UHF/S-band transponder failed on 6 September 1993, making satellite unusable
13 May 00:07	Delta II (7925)			Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
		USA-91 (GPS IIA-11)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
		Decommissioned on 20 December 2007
14 May 01:10	Nike-Orion			White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	14 May	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
19 May 00:47	Nike-Orion			White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	19 May	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
21 May 09:15:01	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
		Resurs F-17	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	20 June	Successful
22 May 06:41:47	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		Progress M-18	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	4 July	Successful
23 May 09:17				Cape Canaveral LC-20		BMDO
			BMDO	Suborbital	Target	23 May	Successful
		Apogee: 378 kilometres (235 mi)
26 May 03:23	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 43/4		VKS
		Molniya 1–86	MOM	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Operational
26 May 09:43	Nike-Orion			Centre d'Essais des Landes		DLR
			DLR/Aérospatiale	Suborbital	Test flight	26 May	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
27 May 01:22	Proton-K/DM-2			Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
		Gorizont 28	RSCC	Intended: Geosynchronous	Communications	27 May	Launch Failure
28 May 08:34	LCLV			Cape Canaveral LC-20		BMDO
			BMDO	Suborbital	Target	28 May	Successful
		Apogee: 390 kilometres (240 mi)
29 May	Hwaseong 6			Musudan-ri
				Suborbital	Missile test	29 May	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 May	Hwaseong 6			Musudan-ri
				Suborbital	Missile test	29 May	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 May	Rodong-1			Musudan-ri
				Suborbital	Missile test	29 May	Successful
		Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
30 May	Hwaseong 6			Musudan-ri
				Suborbital	Missile test	30 May	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
June[]
15 June 17:30	LGM-30B Minuteman I			Vandenberg LF-03		US Air Force
		RSLP TDT-1	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	15 June	Launch failure
		Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
16 June 04:39	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	16 June	Successful
		Apogee: 253 kilometres (157 mi)
16 June 04:17	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 132/1		VKS
		Kosmos 2251 (Strela-2M)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	10 February 2009	Successful
		Collided with Iridium 33 after retirement.[5]
21 June 13:07:22[1]	Space Shuttle Endeavour[6]			Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
		STS-57	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity	1 July 12:52	Successful
		SpaceHab LSM	NASA/SpaceHab	Low Earth (Endeavour)	Scientific research
		Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts; Retrieved European Retrievable Carrier
22 June	Aries			White Sands LC-36		Orbital Sciences
			BMDO	Suborbital	Technology	22 June	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
24 June 04:12:41	Tsyklon-3			Plesetsk		VKS
		(Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		(Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
25 June 00:18	Ariane 4 (42P)			Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
			Hughes	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
25 June 08:20	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
		Resurs F-17	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	12 July	Successful
25 June 23:30	Scout G-1			Vandenberg SLC-5		NASA
		()	US Air Force/STP	Low Earth (Polar)	Radar calibration	In orbit	Successful
26 June 13:27	Delta II (7925)			Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
		USA-92 (GPS IIA-12)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
			NASA	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
June	Prithvi			Balasore		DRDO
			DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	L+1 hour	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
July[]
1 July 14:32:58	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		Soyuz TM-17	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)		14 January 1994	Successful
		Crewed orbital fight with three cosmonauts
2 July	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg LF-09		US Air Force
		GT-152GM	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	2 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
7 July 07:15	Tsyklon-2			Baikonur Site 90		VKS
		(US-PM)	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	8 June 1995	Successful
7 July	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Pennsylvania, Eastern Range		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	7 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
7 July	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Pennsylvania, Eastern Range		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	7 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 July 03:19	LGM-118 Peacekeeper			Vandenberg LF-05		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	14 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 July 16:40	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
		(Yantar-4K2)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	25 July	Successful
19 July 22:04	Atlas II/			Cape Canaveral LC-36A		General Dynamics
		USA-93 (DSCS IIIB-9)	US Air Force	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
22 July 08:25	Black Brant X			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Plasma	22 July	Successful
		Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)
22 July 08:45	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
		(Zenit-8)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	5 August	Successful
22 July 22:58:55	Ariane 4 (44L)			Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
			Hispasat	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
			ISRO	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Successful
23 July 08:22	RT-2PM Topol			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	23 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
27 July	Black Brant 9CM1			Centre d'Essais des Landes LA-CE		Matra
		BLANC	Matra	Suborbital	Photography	27 July	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
28 July 05:43	Viper IIIA			Esrange		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	28 July	Successful
		Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi)
30 July 06:19	Viper IIIA			Esrange		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	30 July	Successful
		Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi)
August[]
1 August 01:46	Nike-Orion			Andøya		NDRE
		SCT-06	NDRE	Suborbital	Aeronomy	1 August	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
2 August 00:37	Viper IIIA			Esrange		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
2 August 01:02	Nike-Orion			Esrange		DLR/SSC
			SSC	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi)
2 August 01:24	Viper IIIA			Esrange		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi)
2 August 03:24	Viper IIIA			Esrange		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 106 kilometres (66 mi)
2 August 05:54	Viper IIIA			Esrange		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi)
2 August 19:59	Titan IVA (403)			Vandenberg SLC-4E		US Air Force
			NRO	Intended: Low Earth	Communications	T+101 seconds	Launch Failure
		NOSS-2-3A	US Navy	Intended: Low Earth	ELINT
		NOSS-2-3B	US Navy	Intended: Low Earth	ELINT
		NOSS-2-3C	US Navy	Intended: Low Earth	ELINT
		Apogee: 33 kilometres (21 mi). One of the UA1207 solid rocket boosters exploded at T+101 seconds. Failure was attributed to damage caused by the ground crew due to an errant cut into one of the SRB segments while repairing the booster.
4 August 00:52	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
			MOM	Molniya	Communications	31 December 2013	Successful
9 August 10:02	Atlas E			Vandenberg SLC-3W		US Air Force
		NOAA-13	NOAA	Sun-synchronous	Weather	In orbit	Successful
10 August 14:53:45	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
		Kosmos 2261 (Oko)	MOM	Molniya	Missile defence	In orbit	Operational
10 August 22:23:45	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		Progress M-19	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	13 October	Successful
17 August 18:00	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Solar	17 August	Successful
		Apogee: 312 kilometres (194 mi)
20 August 18:27	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska, Eastern Range		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	20 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 August 10:45	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
		Resurs F-19	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	10 September	Successful
25 August 10:00	Polaris/STARS			Barking Sands LC-42		Space Data Corporation
		Zodiac Beauchamp	SDC	Suborbital	Target	25 August	Successful
		Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)
28 August 09:45	Aries			White Sands LC-36		NASA
		SXT ()	NASA	Suborbital	X-Ray astronomy	28 August	Launch Failure
		Apogee: 8 kilometres (5.0 mi)
30 August 12:38	Delta II (7925)			Cape Canaveral LC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
		USA-94 (GPS IIA-13)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
		Decommissioned on 1 May 2013[7]
31 August 04:40	Tsyklon-3			Plesetsk		VKS
		Meteor 2–21	Roskosmos	Low Earth	Weather	In orbit	Successful
			Telespazio	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
31 August	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg LF-26		US Air Force
		GT-153GB	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	31 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
September[]
3 September 11:17	Atlas I			Cape Canaveral LC-36B		General Dynamics
		USA-95 (UHF-2)	US Navy	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
7 September 13:25	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 31/6		VKS
		()	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	18 December	Successful
10 September 16:00	Nike-Orion			White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	10 September	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
12 September 11:45	Space Shuttle Discovery			Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
		STS-51	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	22 September 07:56	Successful
			NASA/DARA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Astronomy
		ACTS	NASA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; ACTS deployed using Transfer Orbit Stage and retired on 28 April 2004
13 September 18:00	Nike-Orion			White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	13 September	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
15 September	LGM-118 Peacekeeper			Vandenberg LF-02		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	15 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 September 07:36:19	Zenit-2			Baikonur Site 45/1		VKS
		(Tselina-2)	MO RF	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Successful
16 September 23:00				Tanegashima LA-T		NASDA
			NASDA	Suborbital	Microgravity	16 September	Successful
		Apogee: 264 kilometres (164 mi)
17 September 00:43:10	Tsyklon-2			Baikonur Site 90		VKS
		(US-PM)	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	7 August 1995	Successful
20 September 05:12	PSLV			Sriharikota FLP		ISRO
		IRS 1E	ISRO	Intended: Low Earth	Remote sensing	20 September	Launch Failure
		Maiden flight of PSLV; failed to reach orbit due to guidance system malfunction
26 September 01:45	Ariane 4 (40)			Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
		SPOT 3	Spot Image	Sun-synchronous	Remote sensing	In orbit	Successful
		Stella	CNES	Low Earth	Gravity	In orbit	Successful
				Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Kitsat-2	KAIST	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
			/AMSAT	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
			Interferometrics/AMSAT	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		PoSAT-1		Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
		SPOT 3 ceased functioning on 14 November 1997; PoSAT-1 is the first Portuguese satellite
30 September 17:05:59	Proton-K/DM-2			Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
			MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
October[]
4 October 17:45	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
		CU-4	NASA	Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	4 October	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
4 October 19:35				White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Plasma	4 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
5 October 17:56	Titan 23G/			Vandenberg SLC-4W		US Air Force
		Landsat 6	NASA	Intended: Low Earth	Remote sensing	5 October	Launch Failure
		Upper stage failed to ignite; Apogee: 724 kilometres (450 mi)
8 October 08:00	Long March 2C			Jiuquan LA-2B		CALT
		FSW 1–5	CASC	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	28 October	Successful
8 October	Storm			White Sands SULF		US Air Force
		BTTV-4 (PAC-2)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	8 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
11 October 21:33:19	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		Progress M-20	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	21 November	Successful
18 October 14:53:10	Space Shuttle Columbia			Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
		STS-58	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity	1 November	Successful
		Spacelab Long Module 2	NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Spacelab SLS-2
		EDO Pallet	NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Cryogenic mission extension pallet
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
21 October 01:46	INTA-300B			El Arenosillo		INTA
		(FEIROH)	INTA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	21 October	Successful
		Apogee: 154 kilometres (96 mi)
22 October 06:46	Ariane 4 (44LP)			Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
		Intelsat 701	Intelsat	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
26 October 10:00:04	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 132/1		VKS
		()	MO RF	Low Earth	Radar calibration	11 August 2003	Successful
26 October	Storm			White Sands LC-36		US Air Force
		BTTV-5 (ERINT)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	26 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
28 October 15:17	Proton-K/DM-2			Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
		Gorizont 28	MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
28 October 17:04	Delta II (7925)			Cape Canaveral LC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
		USA-96 (GPS IIA-14)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
November[]
2 November 12:10:09	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 132/1		VKS
		(Parus)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
3 November	S3			Centre d'Essais des Landes
				Suborbital	Missile test	3 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
4 November 07:07	Skylark 7			Esrange LA-S		SSC
			SSC	Suborbital	Microgravity	4 November	Successful
		Apogee: 243 kilometres (151 mi)
5 November 08:25	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
		(Yantar-4KS1M)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	28 December 1994	Successful
17 November	Sonda-2			Natal		INPE
			INPE	Suborbital	Ionosphere	17 November	Successful
		Apogee: 555 kilometres (345 mi)
18 November 13:54:59	Proton-K/DM-2			Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
		Gorizont 29	MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Sold to as , then to as , then to as
18 November	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska, Eastern Range		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	18 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
20 November 01:17	Ariane 4 (44LP)			Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
				Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Meteosat 6	EUMETSAT	Geostationary	Weather	In orbit	Operational
26 November 11:00	Skylark 7			Esrange LA-S		DLR
		TEXUS 31	DLR	Suborbital	Microgravity	26 November	Successful
		Apogee: 257 kilometres (160 mi)
28 November 23:40	Atlas II			Cape Canaveral LC-36A		General Dynamics
		USA-97 (DSCS IIIB-10)	US Air Force	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
29 November 09:30				Esrange		DLR
		MINI-TEXUS 1	DLR	Suborbital	Microgravity	29 November	Successful
		Apogee: 146 kilometres (91 mi)
30 November	Storm			White Sands LC-36		US Air Force
		BTTV-6 (ERINT/GTF-2)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	30 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
December[]
2 December 09:27	Space Shuttle Endeavour			Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
		STS-61	NASA	Low Earth (HST)	Satellite refurbishment (HST-SM1)	13 December	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
8 December 00:48	Delta II (7925)			Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
		USA-98 ()	NATO/US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
16 December 00:38	Atlas IIAS			Cape Canaveral LC-36B		General Dynamics
		Telstar 401	AT&T	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Maiden flight of Atlas IIAS; Telstar 401 destroyed by a magnetic storm in 1997
17 December	Storm			White Sands SULF		US Air Force
		MTTV-1 (ERINT)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	17 December	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
18 December 01:27	Ariane 4 (44L)			Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
			Hughes	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Thaicom 1	Shin Corporation	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Successful
22 December 20:37:16	Molniya-M			Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
		Molniya 1–87	MOM	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Operational
December	Volna[citation needed]			Submarine		Russian Navy
			Russian Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	L+1 hour	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
December	[citation needed]			Submarine, Pacific Ocean		Russian Navy
			RVSN	Suborbital	Technology	L+1 hour	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)

Deep Space Rendezvous[]

EVAs[]

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
17 January	4 hours 28 minutes		STS-54 Endeavour	Gregory J. Harbaugh Mario Runco, Jr.	Tested space station construction techniques and mobility techniques.[8]
19 April 17:15	5 hours 25 minutes	22:40	Mir EO-13 Kvant-2	Gennadi Manakov Aleksandr Poleshchuk	Used the Strela boom to install an electric motor on the Kvant-1 module for solar arrays originally installed on the Kristall module. After the installation, Poleshchuk noticed that one of the handles on the Strela boom had become loose and drifted away from Mir. The loss of the Strela handle meant the next EVA would have to be delayed until a new handle could be lifted to orbit the next Progress supply launch.
18 June 17:25	4 hours 33 minutes	21:58	Mir EO-13 Kvant-2	Gennadi Manakov Aleksandr Poleschuk	After receiving the replacement part, Manakov and Poleshchuk first repaired the Strela boom and then installed the second electric drive for the solar array.
25 June	5 hours 50 minutes		STS-57 Endeavour	G. David Low Peter Wisoff	Helped secure the antenna on the captured EURECA satellite in its stored position for return to earth. Then both spacewalkers practiced construction maneuvers on the RMS.[9]
16 September 05:57	4 hours 18 minutes	10:16	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Began assembly of the experimental Rapana truss structure.
16 September 08:40	7 hours 5 minutes	15:45	STS-51 Discovery	James H. Newman Carl E. Walz	Carried out tests on tools, tethers, and a foot restraint system in anticipation of the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. A stuck tool chest lid slowed the closeout of spacewalk for at least 45 minutes.[10]
20 September 03:51	3 hours 13 minutes	07:05	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Completed assembly of the Rapana truss.
28 September 00:57	1 hour 52 minutes	02:48	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Inspected the Mir exterior for damage from the recent Perseid meteoroid shower. The most notable damage they found was a 5-millimetre (0.20 in) hole on one of the solar arrays.
22 October 15:47	38 minutes	16:25	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Continued their inspection of the Mir exterior for damage from the Perseids.
29 October 13:38	4 hours 12 minutes	17:50	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Completed their inspection of the entire outer surface of the Mir. They observed several marks on the hull, there were no complete penetrations. The spacewalking team did notice an unidentified piece of metal drifting by the orbital complex during their inspections.
5 December 03:44	7 hours 54 minutes	11:38	STS-61 Endeavour	Story Musgrave Jeffrey A. Hoffman	HST servicing: Replaced two sets of gryoscopes and electrical control units, as well as a set of eight fuses. The spacewalks had considerable difficulty closing the latches on the doors due to thermal expansion of the closure bolts. Before re-entering the shuttle, the team prepared the payload bay for the next EVA.[11]
6 December 03:29	6 hours 36 minutes	10:05	STS-61 Endeavour	Kathryn C. Thornton Thomas Akers	HST servicing: Thorton rode the RMS to handle the solar arrays while Akers made the cable connections as the team replaced two solar arrays on Hubble. One array was discarded into space, and one array was furled and stowed for return to earth.[11]
7 December 03:35	6 hours 47 minutes	10:22	STS-61 Endeavour	Story Musgrave Jeffrey A. Hoffman	HST servicing: Replaced the WFPC with WFPC 2 and two magnetometers.[11]
8 December 03:13	7 hours 21 minutes	10:03	STS-61 Endeavour	Kathryn C. Thornton Thomas Akers	HST servicing: Replaced Hubble's High Speed Photometer (HSP) with the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR). This replacement fixed the spherical aberration in Hubble's mirror. The HSP was stowed for return to earth.[11]
9 December 03:30	7 hours 21 minutes	10:51	STS-61 Endeavour	Story Musgrave Jeffrey A. Hoffman	HST servicing: Replaced the electronics for the solar array drive motors. They also placed some made-on-Endeavour covers over the new magnetometers to protect them from debris.[11]

References[]

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Footnotes[]