The 1st National People's Congress (simplified Chinese: 第一届全国人民代表大会; traditional Chinese: 第一屆全國人民代表大會; pinyin: Dìyī Jiè Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì) was in session from 1954 to 1959. It held four sessions in this period. There were 1226 deputies to the Congress. These were the first legislative elections to take place after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
In accordance with the rules set by the 1st Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the first set of deputies to the NPC were elected in the spring and summer of 1954, the first elections under the 1953 Electoral Law which set rules for elections in the PRC, by the following:
Provincial legislatures
Legislative councils of the directly administed cities