Alcee Hastings

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Alcee Hastings
Alcee Hastings Official portrait 108th Congress.jpg
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida
In office
January 3, 1993 – April 6, 2021
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byTBD
Constituency23rd district (1993–2013)
20th district (2013–2021)
Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
In office
November 2, 1979 – October 20, 1989
Appointed byJimmy Carter
Preceded bySeat established
Succeeded byFederico A. Moreno
Judge of the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida
In office
May 2, 1977 – October 31, 1979
Appointed byReubin Askew
Preceded byStewart F. LaMotte
Succeeded byHarry G. Hinckley Jr.
Personal details
Born
Alcee Lamar Hastings[1]

(1936-09-05)September 5, 1936
Altamonte Springs, Florida, U.S.
DiedApril 6, 2021(2021-04-06) (aged 84)
Delray Beach, Florida, U.S.[citation needed]
Political partyDemocratic
EducationFisk University (BA)
Howard University
Florida A&M University (JD)

Alcee Lamar Hastings (/ˈælsiː/ AL-see; September 5, 1936 – April 6, 2021) was an American politician and judge. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Florida's 23rd congressional district from 1993 to 2013 and Florida's 20th congressional district from 2013 until his death in 2021. The 20th district includes most of the majority-black precincts in and around Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach.

A Democrat, Hastings served as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida for 10 years. Although acquitted in a criminal trial, Hastings faced impeachment three years later and removal from the bench for conspiring and falsifying evidence, which acquitted him, while the other defendant was found guilty of soliciting bribes.[2] Though impeached and removed by Congress, Hastings was not disqualified from holding public office. Following Senator Bill Nelson's departure from office in January 2019, Hastings became the dean of Florida's congressional delegation and retained this title until his death.

Early life, education, and early career[]

Hastings was born in Altamonte Springs, Florida, the son of Mildred L. (Merritt) and Julius "J. C." Hastings,[3] and attended Crooms Academy in Goldsboro (Sanford), Florida. Hastings was later educated at Howard University in Washington, D.C., and Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee.[4] He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in zoology and botany from Fisk in 1958.[4] He attended Howard University School of Law from 1958 to 1960, and received his Juris Doctor from Florida A&M University College of Law in 1963.[4] While in school, he became a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. He was admitted to the bar in 1963, and began to practice law.[4]

1970 U.S. Senate election[]

See also: 1970 United States Senate election in Florida

Hastings decided to run for the United States Senate in 1970 after incumbent Spessard Holland decided to retire. He failed to win the Democratic primary or make the runoff election, finishing fourth out of five candidates, with 13% of the vote. Former Governor Farris Bryant finished first with 33% of the vote. State Senator Lawton Chiles was second with 26%. Chiles defeated Bryant in the runoff election and won the November general election.[5]

Judicial career (1977–1989)[]

Judge Hastings in 1986

In 1977, Hastings became a judge of the circuit court of Broward County, Florida. On August 28, 1979, President Jimmy Carter nominated Hastings to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, to a new seat authorized by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 31, 1979, and received his commission on November 2, 1979. His service was terminated on October 20, 1989, due to impeachment and conviction.[6]

Allegations and impeachment[]

Criminal trial[]

In 1981, after a sting operation by the FBI against attorney and alleged co-conspirator William Borders,[7] Hastings was charged with conspiracy to solicit a $150,000 bribe (equivalent to $426,995 in 2020) in exchange for a lenient sentence for Frank and Thomas Romano on 21 counts of racketeering and the return of their seized assets.[8] In his 1983 trial, Hastings was acquitted by a jury after Borders refused to testify in court, despite having been convicted in his own trial in 1982.[7] Borders went to jail for accepting the first $25,000 payment, but was later given a full pardon by impeached President Bill Clinton on his last day in office.[9]

Impeachment trial[]

In 1988, the Democratic-controlled United States House of Representatives took up the case, and Hastings was impeached for bribery and perjury by a vote of 413–3. He was then convicted on October 20, 1989, by the United States Senate, which, at the time, was also controlled by Democrats. Hastings became the sixth federal judge in the history of the United States to be removed from office by the Senate. The Senate, in two hours of roll calls, voted on 11 of the 17 articles of impeachment. It convicted Hastings of eight of the 11 articles. The vote on the first article was 69 for and 26 opposed.[2] He was removed from the bench, but the Senate did not preclude him from holding office in the future.[10]

Appeal[]

Hastings filed suit in federal court claiming that his impeachment trial was invalid because he was tried by a Senate committee, not in front of the full Senate, and that he had been acquitted in a criminal trial. Judge Stanley Sporkin ruled in favor of Hastings, remanding the case to the Senate, but stayed his ruling pending the outcome of an appeal to the Supreme Court in a similar case regarding Judge Walter Nixon, who had also been impeached and removed.[11]

The Supreme Court ruled in Nixon v. United States, again referring to Walter Nixon, that procedures for trying an impeached individual cannot be subject to review by the judiciary, so Sporkin changed his ruling in compliance and Hastings's conviction and removal were upheld. Sporkin, in a Memorandum Opinion, pointed out some "crucial distinctions" between Nixon's case and Hastings's – specifically, that Nixon had been convicted criminally while Hastings was acquitted by a jury on all criminal charges which paralleled 8 of the impeachment articles. Hastings was also found not guilty by two-thirds of the committee members that examined the evidence for his impeachment trial. He went as far as to protest that "Judge Hastings' fundamental rights were violated" and that "In no sense of the word was Judge Hastings "tried" by the full Senate."[12]

1990 Secretary of State election[]

Hastings attempted to make a political comeback by running for Secretary of State of Florida, campaigning on a platform of legalizing casinos. In a three-way Democratic primary, he placed second with 33% of the vote, behind newspaper columnist Jim Minter's 38% of the vote. In the runoff, which saw a large dropoff in turnout, Minter defeated Hastings, 67%–33%. Hastings won just one of Florida's 67 counties: Miami-Dade.[13]

U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2021)[]

Elections[]

Hastings was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1992, representing Florida's 23rd district. After placing second in the initial Democratic primary for the post, he scored an upset victory over state representative Lois J. Frankel in the runoff, and went on to easily win election in the heavily Democratic district. He did not face a serious challenge for reelection thereafter. Following redistricting, Hastings represented Florida's 20th district from January 2013 until his death.[14][15] His death triggered a special election in 2022.

Tenure[]

Hastings was a member of the Congressional Black Caucus[16] and was elected president of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in July 2004. As a senior Democratic whip, Hastings was an influential member of the Democratic leadership. He was also a member of the House Rules Committee. He was previously a senior member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI). On the HPSCI, Hastings was the chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations.

Hastings voted to impeach Texas federal judge Samuel B. Kent on all four counts presented against him on June 19, 2009.[17]

On December 18, 2019, Hastings voted to impeach President Donald Trump.[18] On January 13, 2021, he voted to impeach Trump for a second time.[19]

Objection to the 2000 presidential election[]

Hastings and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from Florida which George W. Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount. Because no senator joined his objection, the objection was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore, who was Bush's opponent in the 2000 presidential election.[20]

Objection to the 2004 presidential election[]

Hastings was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted not to count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election, despite Republican President George Bush winning the state by 118,457 votes.[21][22] Without Ohio's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Bid for chairmanship of the House Intelligence Committee[]

After the 2006 United States House of Representatives elections, Hastings attracted attention after it was reported that incoming House Speaker Nancy Pelosi might appoint him as head of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. He had support from the Congressional Black Caucus but was opposed by the Blue Dog Coalition. Hastings attacked his critics as “misinformed fools.” Pelosi reportedly favored Hastings over the ranking Democrat, Jane Harman, due to policy differences and the Congressional Black Caucus's support.[23] On November 28, 2006, Pelosi announced that Hastings would not be the Committee's chairman,[24] and she later chose Silvestre Reyes (D-TX). While Hastings was passed over to chair the committee, he became chair of a subcommittee. He told the National Journal, “I am not angry. At some point along the way, it became too much to explain. That is legitimate politics. But it’s unfortunate for me.”[25]

Comments about Sarah Palin[]

On September 24, 2008, Hastings came under fire for comments he made about Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin. Speaking in Washington, D.C., to a conference sponsored by the National Jewish Democratic Council, he said, "If Sarah Palin isn't enough of a reason for you to get over whatever your problem is with Barack Obama, then you damn well had better pay attention. Anybody toting guns and stripping moose don't care too much about what they do with Jews and blacks. So, you just think this through."[26]

On September 29, 2008, Hastings issued a written apology, while standing by its core message: "I regret the comments I made last Tuesday that were not smart and certainly not relevant to hunters or sportsmen. The point I made, and will continue to make, is that the policies and priorities of a McCain-Palin administration would be anathema to most African Americans and Jews. I regret that I was not clearer and apologize to Governor Palin, my host where I was speaking, and those who my comments may have offended."[27]

Lexus lease[]

In May 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that Hastings spent over $24,000 in taxpayer money in 2008 to lease a luxury Lexus hybrid sedan. The Journal noted that the expenditure was legal, properly accounted for, and drawn from an expense allowance the U.S. government grants to all lawmakers.[28]

Sexual harassment allegation[]

In June 2011, one of Hastings's staff members, Winsome Packer, filed a lawsuit alleging that he had made repeated unwanted sexual advances and threatened her job when she refused him.[29] A congressional ethics panel investigated these claims.[29] Packer was represented by the conservative legal group Judicial Watch. Hastings denied the allegations and called them "ludicrous."[30] He said, "I will win this lawsuit. That is a certainty. In a race with a lie, the truth always wins. And when the truth comes to light and the personal agendas of my accusers are exposed, I will be vindicated.”[31] In February 2012, it was reported that Hastings would be released from the lawsuit, and it would only continue against the Helsinki Commission which Hastings chaired and Packer represented in Vienna.[32] In December 2017, it was reported that the Treasury Department paid $220,000 to settle the lawsuit.[33] Hastings later complained that he played no role in the settlement negotiations but the way they had been framed implied that he had.[34]

Least wealthy congressman[]

In a survey of U.S. lawmakers, the Center for Responsive Politics named Hastings the "Poorest Member of Congress," with a 2018 average net worth of −$7,549,002.[35] His congressional financial disclosure form indicated that, as of 2010, Hastings did not have any earned income, had a bank account with a balance in the $1,000 to $15,000 range, and owed several million dollars in legal fees to several attorneys stemming from the 1981–1989 charges.[36]

Nepotism claims[]

In 2012, Hastings was ranked #1 out of the 435 members of the U.S. House of Representatives for paying salaries and fees to family members, according to the conservative watchdog group Judicial Watch.[37] A state-by-state report on members of Congress published by the Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington reported that Hastings paid his girlfriend, Patricia Williams, an attorney who worked as his deputy district director, $622,574 over the four-year period from 2007 to 2010.[38]

Committee assignments[]

Leadership positions[]

Caucus memberships[]

Political positions[]

Foreign policy[]

Hastings opposed President Donald Trump's decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital. He stated: "I believe that Jerusalem is and should remain the undivided capital of Israel. To deny the Jewish connection to Jerusalem would be to deny world history. That being said, the manner in which the Trump Administration has announced its recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel is of great concern."[45]

Gun policy[]

Hastings said that gun control is a "critical element" in addressing the United States' crime problem.[46] He favored reinstating the Federal Assault Weapons Ban and supported a federal ban on bump stocks. He supported raising the minimum age to buy a rifle from 18 to 21. In 2017, he voted against the Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017. His last rating from the NRA was an F, indicating that the organization believed that he did not support gun rights legislation.[47]

Following the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, Hastings released a statement in which he said, "The stranglehold of the gun lobby has gone on long enough."[48] Hastings wrote a letter to the Speaker of the Florida House and President of the Florida Senate urging them to repeal the state's preemption law, which prohibits communities in Florida from passing their own gun regulations.[49]

Connection with lobbying firms[]

After Hastings issued a statement in February 2019, entered in the Congressional Record, accusing Armenians of killing 613 Azerbaijani men, women, and children in 1992 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, in what he called "the Khojaly Massacre", an investigation by ANCA uncovered that the lobbying firm BGR Group, retained by Azerbaijan,[50][51] had email and face-to-face contact with the office of Congressman Hastings regarding "U.S.-Azerbaijan Relations", and that Hastings's office also had discussions with lobbying firms Greenberg Traurig and LB International Solutions LLC regarding "US-Turkey relations".[52]

Health and death[]

In January 2019, Hastings was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.[53] He died on April 6, 2021, at the age of 84.[54] Republican Governor Ron DeSantis, rejected requests by supervisors of elections in Broward and Palm Beach counties to set a special election for August 31, 2021, instead setting the special primary for November 2, 2021 and a special runoff to be held on January 11, 2022. DeSantis' action delayed filling the vacancy by over 11 weeks longer than would have otherwise had he respected those requests, effectively denying district voters representation in Congress for over nine months.[55]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Smith, Harrison. "Rep. Alcee Hastings, civil rights lawyer and judge elected to 15 terms in Congress, dies at 84". Washington Post. Retrieved April 6, 2021. By one account, he was born Alcea Lamar Merritt in Altamonte Springs, a farming town north of Orlando, on Sept. 5, 1936. According to the Miami Herald, he changed the spelling of his first name early on and adopted his stepfather’s last name, Hastings.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Senate Removes Hastings, The Washington Post, October 21, 1989. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  3. ^ "Mildred Hastings Obituary (2004) - San Diego, CA - San Diego Union-Tribune". www.legacy.com. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Congressional Directory 2005–2006: One Hundred Ninth Congress, p. 68.
  5. ^ "Our Campaigns – FL US Senate – D Primary Race". www.ourcampaigns.com. September 8, 1970.
  6. ^ U.S. Senate. "The Impeachment Trial of Alcee L. Hastings (1989) U.S. District Judge, Florida". Senate.gov. Washington, D.C.: Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Alcee Hastings trial: Money, the mob and the FBI". Palm Beach Post. May 23, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  8. ^ "THE JUDGMENT OF ALCEE HASTINGS AFTER HE WAS AXQUITTED, THE REAL TRIAL BEGAN. NOW CONGRESS MUST DECIDE: IS THE JUDGE A CROOK, OR IS HIS CHARACTER UMIMPEACHABLE?". South Florida Sun Sentinel. January 25, 1987. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  9. ^ "The Power of the Pardon". Law.com. July 15, 2011. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
  10. ^ U.S. Senate. "The Impeachment Trial of Alcee L. Hastings (1989) U.S. District Judge, Florida". Senate.gov. Washington, D.C.: Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 17, 2020. Having achieved the necessary majority vote to convict on 8 articles, the Senate’s president pro tempore (Robert C. Byrd) ordered Hastings removed from office. The Senate did not vote to disqualify him from holding future office.
  11. ^ "Senate Conviction of Hastings Is Reversed by Judge Sporkin". The Washington Post. September 18, 1992. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
  12. ^ Hastings v. U.S. 837 F.Supp. 3 (1993).
  13. ^ "Our Campaigns – FL Secretary of State – D Runoff Race". Our Campaigns. October 2, 1990.
  14. ^ "Florida's 20th Congressional District election, 2016". Ballotpedia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  15. ^ "Florida's 20th Congressional District election, 2018". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  16. ^ "Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  17. ^ "U.S. House of Representatives Roll Call Votes". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  18. ^ Panetta, Grace. "WHIP COUNT: Here's which members of the House voted for and against impeaching Trump". Business Insider.
  19. ^ "The House Has Impeached Trump Again. Here's How House Members Voted". NPR.org. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  20. ^ "Objections Aside, a Smiling Gore Certifies Bush". Los Angeles Times. January 7, 2001. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  21. ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 7: On Agreeing to the Objection". U.S. House of Representatives. January 6, 2005. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  22. ^ Salvato, Albert (December 29, 2004). "Ohio Recount Gives a Smaller Margin to Bush". Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via NYTimes.com.
  23. ^ Battle of Hastings adds to Pelosi drama MSNBC, November 16, 2006.
  24. ^ Pelosi Shuts Hastings Out of Intel Chairmanship NPR, November 28, 2006.
  25. ^ "How the House voted on H.R. 404". November 4, 2020.
  26. ^ Anderson, Rigel (September 24, 2008). "Florida Congressman: Palin 'Don't Care Too Much What They Do With Jews and Blacks' – Political Radar". ABC News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  27. ^ "Black Florida congressman apologizes for Palin comments". CNN. September 29, 2008. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
  28. ^ Radnofsky, Louise; Farnam, T.W. (May 30, 2009). "Lawmakers Bill Taxpayers For TVs, Cameras, Lexus". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 8, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b Fields, Gary; Mullins, Brody (June 22, 2011). "Florida Congressman Faces New Ethics Review". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
  30. ^ McCormack, Simon (June 22, 2011). "Alcee Hastings Sexual Harassment Allegation Investigated By Ethics Panel". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
  31. ^ "Winsome Packer Claims Alcee Hastings Harassment in Lawsuit". LA Late News.
  32. ^ "Alcee Hastings Released From Personal Liability In Sexual Harassment Lawsuit". The Huffington Post. February 14, 2012. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
  33. ^ Akin, Stephanie (December 9, 2017). "Exclusive: Taxpayers Paid $220K to Settle Case Involving Rep. Alcee Hastings". Roll Call. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  34. ^ Kindy, Kimberly; Lee, Michelle Ye Hee. "How a congressional harassment claim led to a secret $220,000 payment" – via The Washington Post.
  35. ^ "Personal Finances". OpenSecrets. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  36. ^ "Calendar Year 2010 Financial Disclosure Statement, The Hon. Alcee Lamar Hastings" (PDF). Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  37. ^ "Alcee Hastings Ranks No. 1 in Nepotism". Judicial Watch. March 27, 2012.
  38. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 14, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. ^ "Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  40. ^ "Members". Afterschool Alliance. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  41. ^ "Members". Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
  42. ^ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  43. ^ "Members of the Veterinary Medicine Caucus". Veterinary Medicine Caucus. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  44. ^ "Members". U.S. - Japan Caucus. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  45. ^ "Florida reaction to Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel". Tampa Bay Times. December 6, 2017.
  46. ^ "Gun Control". U.S. Congressman Alcee L. Hastings. U.S. Federal Government. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  47. ^ Daugherty, Alex (February 20, 2018). "Where South Floridians in Congress stand on gun legislation". Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  48. ^ "Statement on Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Shooting". U.S. Congressman Alcee L. Hastings. February 14, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  49. ^ "Hastings Urges Florida State Legislature to Repeal Firearm Preemption Law". U.S. Congressman Alcee L. Hastings. U. S. Federal Government. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  50. ^ "BGR Group Lobbying Profile". OpenSecrets.
  51. ^ "BGR Group Lobbying Profile". OpenSecrets.
  52. ^ "Azerbaijan Enlists Congressman Hastings in its Anti-Armenian Propaganda". Horizon. March 5, 2019.
  53. ^ "Rep. Alcee Hastings diagnosed with pancreatic cancer". The Washington Post. January 14, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  54. ^ Man, Anthony (April 6, 2021). "Congressman Alcee Hastings, after career of triumph, calamity and comeback, dies at 84". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  55. ^ DeSantis sets election dates for voters to replace Alcee Hastings — keeping seat vacant far longer than normal, Sun Sentinel, Anthony Mann, May 4, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.

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Legal offices
New seat Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
1979–1989 		Succeeded by
Federico A. Moreno
U.S. House of Representatives
New constituency Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida's 23rd congressional district
1993–2013 		Succeeded by
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