Baku Governorate

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Baku Governorate
Бакинская губерния
Coat of arms of Baku Governorate
Coat of arms
Baku Governorate ATD.png
CountryRussia
Political statusGovernorate
RegionCaucasus Viceroyalty
Established1846 as Shamakhi Governorate;
renamed to Baku Governorate
in 1859
Abolished1917
Area
 • City39,149 km2 (15,116 sq mi)
Population
 (1926)
 • City1,280,265
 • Density33/km2 (85/sq mi)
 • Urban
19.80%
 • Rural
80.20%

The Baku Governorate (Russian: Бакинская губерния, Azerbaijani: Bakı quberniyası) was one of the guberniyas of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its center in the booming metropolis and Caspian Sea port of Baku. Area (1897): 34,4000 sq. versts, population (1897): 789,659.[1] The Baku Governorate bordered Persia to the south, the Elisabethpol Governorate (previously the Tiflis and Erivan Governorates before 1868) to the west, the Dagestan Oblast to the north, and the Baku Gradonachalstvo (municipal district) to the east on the Absheron Peninsula.

History[]

The governorate was originally established in 1846 as the Shamakhi Governorate, replacing what had been several military precincts. After the 1859 Shamakhi earthquake, the capital of the governorate was transferred from Shamakhi to Baku. On July 12, 1859, the governorate's name was changed accordingly. The coat of arms of the governorate was instituted on July 5, 1878[1]. Initially, the Baku Governorate included Karabakh, Zangezur, and the former Shaki Khanate until these areas were detached in 1868 to form the Elisabethpol Governorate.

The Baku Governorate lasted until the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in which it was incorporated until its separation into a smaller Baku General-Governorate and a , the latter previously being the location of the Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan which lasted until the spring of 1919.

Administrative Divisions[]

After the establishment of the Elisabethpol Governorate in 1868, the Baku Governorate had six uyezds:

Demographics[]

Russian Imperial Census of 1897[]

According to the 1897 census, 789,659 people populated the governorate, of which, 55% were male. Azerbaijanis (then known as Caucasian Tatars, mostly Shiite) constituted the majority of the population with significant minorities of Russians, Armenians, Lezgins, Tats, Talysh, and Jews.[1]

Ethnic groups in the Erivan Governorate by Uyezd[]

Uyezd[2] Azerbaijani Tatars
Tats Russians Armenians Lezgins Talysh people Other Dagestani Germans Persian Jews Avars
TOTAL 58,7% 10,8% 8,9% 6,3% 5,8% 4,2% 1,4% ... ... ... ...
Baku 34,7% 18,9% 24,0% 12,3% ... ... ... 1,8% 2,6% 1,1% ...
Geokchay 79,0% 3,4% 2,1% 11,0% 1,7% ... ... ... ... ... 1,5%
Javad 93,3% ... 4,5% ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Kuba 38,3% 25,3% 1,4% ... 24,4% ... 6,3% ... ... 2,2% ...
Lenkoran 26,7% ... 7,2% 0,37% ... 64,7% ... ... ... ... ...
Shamakhi 73,7% 3,7% 9,3% 11,7% ... ... ... ... ... 0.9% ...

Ethnic groups at the start of the 20th century[]

The ethnic group composition of the governorate changed considerably in the latter part of the 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were 214,700 inhabitants, amongst them, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians - 76,3 thousand -> (35.5%), Azerbaijanis ("Caucasian Tatars" back then) - 46 thousand -> (21.4%), Armenians - 42 thousand -> (19.4%), Persians\Iranians - 25 thousand -> (11.7%), Jews - 9,7 thousand -> (4.5%), Georgians - 4 thousand -> (1, 9%), Germans - 3.3 thousand -> (1.5%), the Kazan Tatars - 2.3 thousand -> (1.1%).[3] Muslims generally lived in the historical centre of Baku (Old Baku), surrounded by the khan's castle in the west of the city. Armenians mostly lived in the industrial zone in the north of the city. During the construction of the new city centre, various ethnic groups started to move to different districts.[4]

Caucasian Calendar of 1917[]

The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 875,746 residents in the Baku Governorate, including 465,711 men and 410,035 women, 838,717 of whom were the permanent population, and 37,029 were temporary residents:[5]

Ethno-religious groups in the Baku Governorate according to the 1917 Caucasian Calendar[5]
Uyezd (district) Russians Other Europeans Georgians Armenians North Caucasians Other Asian Nationalities Jews TOTAL
Orthodox Sectarian Christian Shia Muslim Sunni Muslim
Baku 355 0 0 30 32 0 0 15,746 93 12 16,268
2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 96.8% 0.6% 0.1% 100.0%
Geokchai 975 2,321 3 0 17,207 153 0 48,681 63,943 815 134,098
0.7% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 12.8% 0.1% 0.0% 36.3% 47.7% 0.6% 100.0%
Javad 23,863 2,265 24 0 984 0 0 127,440 7,688 41 162,305
14.7% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 78.5% 4.7% 0.0% 100.0%
Kuba 5,086 297 0 0 1,512 49,105 22 20,457 106,690 15,035 198,204
2.6% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 24.8% 0.0% 10.3% 53.8% 7.6% 100.0%
Lenkoran 7,813 10,267 56 0 836 0 0 176,962 7,168 217 203,319
3.8% 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 87.0% 3.5% 0.1% 100.0%
Shemakha 2,669 16,724 6 0 22,350 517 139 40,532 77,174 1,441 161,552
1.7% 10.4% 0.0% 0.0% 13.8% 0.3% 0.1% 25.1% 47.8% 0.9% 100.0%
TOTAL 40,761 31,874 89 30 42,921 49,775 161 429,818 262,756 17,561 875,746
4.7% 3.6% 0.0% 0.0% 4.9% 5.7% 0.0% 49.1% 30.0% 2.0% 100.0%

If combining the data of the Baku Governorate with the Baku Gradonachalstvo (municipal district), there would be 1,281,575 residents, including 701,603 men and 579,972 women, 1,012,206 of whom were the permanent population, and 269,369 were temporary residents.[5]

Governors[]

  • Konstantin Tarkhanov-Mouravov, 1859–1863
  • Mikhail Kolyubakin, 1863–1872
  • Dmitry Staroselsky, 1872–1875
  • Valery Pozen, 1875–1882
  • Justin von Huebsch Grostal, 1882–1888
  • Vladimir Rogge, 1888–1899
  • Dmitry Odintsov, 1899–1904
  • Mikhail Nakashidze, 1904–1905
  • Andrei Fadeyev, 1905
  • Vladimir Alyshevsky, 1905–1915
  • Leo Potulov, 1916–1917[6]

References[]

  1. ^ a b ЭСБЕ/Баку (in Russian). Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  2. ^ Демоскоп Weekly - Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам. Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России
  3. ^ Современный Азербайджан. // Новый Восток. 1926. № 4. С. 174
  4. ^ Йорг Баберовски. (2004). Под ред. И. Герасимова (ed.). "Цивилизаторская миссия и национализм в Закавказье: 1828-1914 гг". Новая имперская история постсоветского пространства. Казань: New Imperial History: 322. ISBN 9785852470249.
  5. ^ a b c Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). pp. 349–352.
  6. ^ Baku Lands Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine

External links[]

Coordinates: 40°22′00″N 49°50′07″E / 40.3667°N 49.8352°E / 40.3667; 49.8352

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