Kuban Oblast
Kuban Oblast
Кубанская область | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 Administrative map of the Kuban Oblast | |
| Country | Russian Empire |
| Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
| Established | 1860 |
| Abolished | 1917 |
| Capital | Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 92,429 km2 (35,687 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 5,642 m (18,510 ft) |
| Population (1916) | |
| • Total | 3,022,683 |
| • Density | 33/km2 (85/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 9.52% |
| • Rural | 90.48% |
The Kuban Oblast (Russian: Кубанская область; Ukrainian: Кубанська область) was an oblast (region) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part of the Crimean Khanate and the land of the Circassians. It was dissolved upon the assumption of supreme authority by the Kuban Rada in 1917 and the independence of the Kuban People's Republic in 1918.
History[]
On February 8, 1860, in order to simplify the administration and streamline the territories occupied by the Cossack troops , a decree was issued on the separation of the right wing of the Caucasian line from the Stavropol province and naming it the Kuban region .
Initially , the Cossack settlements of the region were included in 3 districts ( Yeisky , Ekaterinodarsky , Tamansky). The rest of the region was divided between
- 6th brigades: 1st (regimental board in the village of Ladozhskaya ), 2nd (regimental board in the village of Prochnookopskaya ), 3rd (regimental board in the village of Nikolaevskaya), 4th (regimental board in the village of Batalpashinskaya ), 5 -I (regimental board in the village of Otradnaya ), 6th (regimental board in the village of Labinskaya ),
- 7th regiments: 22nd (regimental board in the village of Tsarskaya ),
- 23rd (regimental board in the village of Khanskaya ), 24th (regimental board in the village of Pshekhskaya ),
- 25th (regimental board in the village of Khadyzhenskaya ), Psekupsky (regimental board in the village of Klyuchevoi), Abinsk (regimental board in the village of Kholmskaya ), Adagumsky (regimental board in the village of Anapskaya ) and
Shapsugsky coastal battalion (headquarters in the village of Dzhubgskaya ).
The administrative picture of the region was supplemented by a system of military districts on the territory of the settlement of the highlanders. In June 1865, 5 districts were created: Zelenchuksky, Labinsky, Psekupsky, Urupsky and Elbrussky (Karachaevsky).
On December 30, 1869, all the old administrative units were abolished, and 5 counties were formed instead: Batalpashinsky , Yeysky , Yekaterinodarsky , Maikopsky and Temryuksky . On January 27, 1876 , the Zakubansky (capital- Goryachiy Klyuch ) and Caucasian (capital - the village of Armavir ) counties were formed. In 1888, instead of 7 counties, 7 departments were established: Batalpashinsky , Yeysk , Ekaterinodar , Caucasian , Labinsk, Maikop and Temryuk . At the same time, the Black Sea Okrug, which was previously independent, became part of the province (in 1896 it separated into a separate Black Sea Governorate ).
On January 28, 1918, the Kuban Regional Military Rada , headed by N. S. Ryabovol , proclaimed an independent Kuban People's Republic with its capital in Yekaterinodar on the lands of the former Kuban Oblast.
After the Bolsheviks occupied the "capital of the Kuban People's Republic - Yekaterinodar in March 1918 , on April 16, 1918 they formed the Kuban Soviet Republic
Administrative structure[]
The militarized nature of the Kuban meant that, rather than a traditional imperial guberniya (governorate) with uyezds (districts), the territory was administered by the Kuban Cossacks as an oblast which was split into (counties, of which there were seven from 1888 to 1917).[1] Each otdel would have its own sotnias which in turn would be split into stanitsas and khutors. The ataman (commander) for each region was not only responsible for the military preparation of the Cossacks, but for the local administration duties. Local stanitsa and khutor atamans were elected, but approved by the atamans of the otdel. These, in turn, were appointed by the supreme ataman of the Kuban host, who was in turn appointed directly by the Russian emperor. Prior to 1870, this system of legislature in the oblast remained a robust military one and all legal decisions were carried out by the stanitsa ataman and two elected judges. Afterwards, however, the system was bureaucratized and the judicial functions were independent of the stanitsas.
Demographics[]
In 1897, 1,918,881 people inhabited the oblast. Ukrainians constituted a relative majority in the population, with Russians and several much smaller minorities making up the remainder. The total Slavic population was 1,742,162 (90.8%).
Russian Imperial Census of 1897[]
Ethnic groups in the oblast in 1897 were as follows:[2]
| TOTAL | 1,918,881 | 100% |
|---|---|---|
| Ukrainians | 908,818 | 47.4% |
| Russians | 816,734 | 42.6% |
| Circassians | 38,488 | 2% |
| Karachays | 26,877 | 1.4% |
| Germans | 20,778 | 1.1% |
| Pontic Greeks | 20,137 | 1% |
| Armenians | 13,926 | 0.7% |
Caucasian Calendar of 1917[]
The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 3,022,683 residents in the Kuban Oblast, including 1,523,057 men and 1,499,626 women, 1,870,280 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,152,403 were temporary residents.[3]
| (county) | Russians | Other Europeans | Georgians | Armenians | North Caucasians | Kurds | Other Asian Nationalities | Gypsies | Jews | TOTAL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orthodox | Sectarian | Christian | Shia Muslim | Sunni Muslim | |||||||||
| 208,285 | 1,448 | 5,276 | 0 | 390 | 77,851 | 0 | 3,268 | 0 | 601 | 0 | 1,089 | 298,208 | |
| 69.8% | 0.5% | 1.8% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 26.1% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 100.0% | |
| 381,738 | 331 | 1,630 | 0 | 770 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 172 | 120 | 6 | 71 | 384,846 | |
| 99.2% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| 322,993 | 1,923 | 6,779 | 708 | 8,420 | 28,710 | 45 | 385 | 0 | 1,084 | 269 | 472 | 371,788 | |
| 86.9% | 0.5% | 1.8% | 0.2% | 2.3% | 7.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 100.0% | |
| 449,454 | 5,527 | 5,280 | 224 | 1,046 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 629 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 462,235 | |
| 97.2% | 1.2% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| 484,220 | 15,964 | 8,935 | 6 | 9,150 | 406 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 57 | 27 | 518,774 | |
| 93.3% | 3.1% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 1.8% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| 427,037 | 7,974 | 1,350 | 58 | 1,721 | 25,225 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4,629 | 0 | 459 | 468,453 | |
| 91.2% | 1.7% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 5.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 100.0% | |
| 510,864 | 1,273 | 1,515 | 0 | 3,074 | 1,399 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 9 | 232 | 518,379 | |
| 98.6% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| TOTAL | 2,784,591 | 34,440 | 30,765 | 996 | 24,571 | 133,671 | 45 | 3,660 | 814 | 6,436 | 341 | 2,353 | 3,022,683 |
| 92.1% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% | 4.4% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 100.0% | |
References[]
- ^ Кавказский календарь .... на 1913 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1913. pp. 271–317.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
- ^ a b Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1917. pp. 371–374.
Coordinates: 45°02′N 38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°E
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- Kuban Oblast
- Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
- Oblasts of the Russian Empire
- History of Kuban
- States and territories established in 1860
- States and territories disestablished in 1917
- 1860 establishments in the Russian Empire
- 1917 disestablishments in Russia
- Governorates of the Caucasus
- Russia geography stubs
- Ukrainian history stubs